Benzyl Chloride

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (19.6%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (100%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (99.9%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (99.9%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350 (99.9%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H373 (99.9%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 899 reports by companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226 (50%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H317 (50%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361 (50%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P318, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Benzyl Chloride Exposure: Benzyl chloride may be very irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Eye irritation may be severe, and permanent eye damage may result. Lacrimation (tearing) is common. Other signs and symptoms of acute exposure may include headache, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, irritability, itching of the skin, profuse sweating, insomnia, tremors, unsteadiness, and central nervous system depression. Gastrointestinal effects may include nausea, vomiting, cramps, anorexia, and diarrhea. Pulmonary edema and disturbance of liver function may also occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to benzyl chloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to benzyl chloride.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to benzyl chloride.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

Areas may be entered freely with full-faced mask, self-contained breathing apparatus which provides eye protection, rubber gloves, and hand and arm protection.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. (EPA, 1998)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

/If material on fire or involved in fire/ use powder, AFFF /Aqueous Film-Forming Foam/, foam, carbon dioxide.

Inhaltion - /Provide/ fresh air, rest. /Keep person in/ half-upright position. Skin /exposure/ - remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Eyes /exposure/ - First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Ingestion - rinse mouth.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spill amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Stop or control leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and protect personnel. Approach release from upwind. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for BENZYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P028, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Incineration at 1500 °F for 0.5 sec minimum for primary combustion and 2200 °F for 12.0 sec for secondary combustion. Elemental chlorine formation may be alleviated by injection of steam or methane into the combustion process.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emmissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for BENZYL CHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Ventilation along the floor. Store only if stabilized.

Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials . Ventilation along the floor. Store only if stabilized.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Store away from oxidizing materials..

Should be closed in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sunlight, heat, moisture, active metals, oxidizers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. ... Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs; and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

17.0 [ppm]

1.0 [ppm]

10 [ppm]

50 [ppm]

1 ppm [15 minute]

C 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) [15-minute]

1 ppm (5 mg/m³)

TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3)

10 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

10.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: It has been reported that an exposure to 16 ppm for 1 minute is intolerable [Flury and Zernik 1931]. It has also been reported that 10 to 19 ppm immediately causes weeping and twitching of the eyelids [ILO 1971].

See: 100447

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 ppm

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 1 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 10 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 50 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

International occupational exposure limits: Australia TWA 5 mg/cu m, 1 ppm, guideline 1978; Belgium TWA 5 mg/cu m, 1 ppm, regulation 1978; Finland TWA 5 mg/cu m, 1 ppm, regulation 1975; German Democratic Republic max (30 min) 10 mg/cu m; TWA 5 mg/cu m regulation 1979; Federal Republic of Germany TWA 5 mg/cu m, 1 ppm guidline 1979; the Netherland TWA 5 mg/cu m, 1 ppm guideline 1978; Romania TWA 5 mg/cu m; max 8 mg/cu m regulation 1975; Sweden TWA 5 mg/cu m, 1 ppm guideline 1978; Switzerland TWA 5 mg/cu m, 1 ppm regulation 1978; Yugoslavia ceiling 5 mg/cu m, 1 ppm regulation 1971

Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 1 ppm (no more than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure. Odor should be detectable near ERPG-1.; ERPG(2) 10 ppm (without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 50 ppm (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C , on spraying much faster.

Benzyl chloride appears as a colorless liquid with an irritating odor. Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Flash point 153 °F. Slightly soluble in water. Corrosive to metals and tissue. A lachrymator. Density 9.2 lb /gal.

Colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent, aromatic odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a pungent, aromatic odor.

Colorless to slightly yellow liquid

Rather unpleasant, irritating odor

Pungent, aromatic odor

354 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

BP: 99 °C at 62 mm Hg

179 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-54 to -45 °F (EPA, 1998)

-39.4 °C

MP: -48 to -43 °C. Specific gravity: 1.100 at 20 °C/20 °C. Rapidly decomposes when heated in the presence of iron

153 °F (EPA, 1998)

153 °F (67 °C) (closed cup)

74 °C (open cup)

67 °C c.c.

Reaction (NTP, 1992)

In water, 525 mg/L at 25 °C

Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, chloroform; slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride

Miscible in most organic solvents

Soluble in ethanol(>10%), ethyl ether(>10%), and chloroform(>10%)

Solubility in water, g/100ml:

1.1 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1004 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.1

1.1004 @ 20°C

4.4 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.36 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.4

1 mmHg at 71.6 °F (EPA, 1998)

1.23 [mmHg]

VP: 1 Pa at -34 °C; 10 Pa at -11 °C; 100 Pa at 17.7 °C; 1 kPa at 55.4 °C; 10 kPa at 106.3 °C; 100 kPa at 178.9 °C

1.23 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 120

0.75 [mm Hg] @17.7 °C

log Kow = 2.30

Stablity during transport: stable

Unstabilized benzyl chloride may violently decompose with the rupture of its container in the presence of copper, aluminum, iron, zinc, magnesium, & other catalysts.

1161 °F (USCG, 1999)

A lachrymator. Slightly soluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as BENZYL CHLORIDE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes /HCl and chlorine gas/; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Unstabilized benzyl chloride readily undergoes a self-condensation reaction in the presence of all common metals (except nickel and lead) with the liberation of heat and hydrogen chloride.

The decomposition can reach explosive violence in presence of metals such as iron.

Oxidizers, acids, copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, zinc, tin [Note: Can polymerize when in contact with all common metals except nickel and lead. Hydrolyzes in H2O to benzyl alcohol].

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for BENZYL CHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Oxidizers, acids, copper, aluminum, magnesium, iron, zinc, tin [Note: Can polymerize when in contact with all common metals except nickel & lead. Hydrolyzes in H2O to benzyl alcohol.]

Toxic by all routes (ie, oral, dermal, inhalation), exposure to benzyl chloride may occur occupationally at sites where the substance is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of a wide range of commercial products (eg, dyes, perfumes, resins, plasticizers, and pesticides), or environmentally, from air contaminated by industrial sources, incinerators, and certain floor tiles. This colorless to slightly yellow liquid is an extreme irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Symptomatology may include severe irritation of the upper respiratory tract (with coughing), conjuctivitis, dizziness, weakness, headache, tremors in eyelids and fingers, increased bilirubin in blood, and decrease in number of leukocytes. Lung damage, pulmonary edema, permanent eye damage, and CNS depression are all possible from severe exposure. While listed in one source as an example of primary carcinogen, IARC reports that inadequate evidence in humans, and only limited evidence in animals prevents benzyl chloride from being classified as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Acute oral dosing of rats led to severe gastritis, hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the squamouns stomach, and progressive lesions of the heart (including necrosis of myocardial fibers). In short-term tests, skin sensitization was show in guinea pigs, and both eye and respiratory tract irritation in cats and rabbits. Benzyl chloride tested positive for mutagenicity in Salmonella, E coli, hamster embryonal cell transformation, and S cerevisiae recombination assays. Also, benzyl chloride, given iv to male mice, caused an increase in the degree of alkylation of DNA in the lung, and alkylation of hemoglobin. BD rats, given weekly sc injections of benzyl chloride for 51 weeks, developed injection site sarcomas; with most animals experiencing lung metastases, as well. Another study with sc injected rats, also reported massive local sarcomas. However, benzyl chloride applied twice weekly to the shaved dorsal region of Swiss albino mice for seven months, resulted in no discernible neoplastic changes. A/HE mice, of both sexes, after receiving ip injections thrice weekly for 24 weeks, experienced a statistically insignificant incidence of lung tumors. Benzyl chloride, given orally to Wistar rats from 1-19 days of gestation, produced a high incidence of embryolethality and retarded development in surviving offspring; but, no malformations. Likewise, benzyl chloride, given orally to female Sprague-Dawley rats from day 6 through 15 of gestation, resulted in reduced fetal length, but no toxic symptoms and no major skeletal or visceral abnormalities were seen. Benzyl chloride is absorbed through the lung and gut. Studies with rats showed urinary excretion 80-90% of the substance to occur in 24 hours. Products of benzyl chloride metabolism have been reported to include benzyl mercapturic acid and s-benzylgluthione.

Benzyl chloride

Endocrine

Evaluation: There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of alpha-chlorinated toluenes and benzoyl chloride. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of benzyl chloride. ... Overall evaluation: Combined exposures to alpha-chlorinated toluenes and benzoyl chloride are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). /alpha-Chlorinated toluenes & benzoyl chloride/

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on inadequate human data and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals; namely significantly increased incidences of benign and malignant tumors at multiple sites in both sexes of mice and a significant increase in thyroid tumors in female rats. There was evidence of mutagenicity in a variety of test systems. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Burning sensation. Cough. Nausea. Headache. Shortness of breath. Dizziness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Burning sensation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); irritability; headache; skin eruption; pulmonary edema

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

Benzyl Chloride

2 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

1 x 10^-3 mg/m^3

4 x 10^-3 mg/m^3

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See the IRIS entry for Benzyl Chloride

PPRTV Current

IRIS Current

LC50 (rat) = 150 ppm/2H

LD50 Mouse oral 1500 mg/kg

LD50 Rat sc 1,000 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 1231 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 1,150-1660 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for BENZYL CHLORIDE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Concentrations of 6-8 mg/cu m cause a slight conjunctivitis after 5 min of exposure. Airborne concentration of 50-100 mg/cu m ... Cause weeping and twitching of eyelids and in concentration of 160 mg/cu m it is unbearably irritating to the eyes & mucous membranes of the nose.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Concentrations of 0.08 mg/L were tolerated for 1 minute at most. Concentrations of 0.05 mg/L caused severe lacrimation. Concentrations of 1 mg/L were regarded as dangerous for the respiratory tract.

LC50; Species: Penaeus setiferus (white shrimp); Conditions: /static/; Concentration: 7.1 mg/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Penaeus setiferus (white shrimp); Conditions: /static/; Concentration: 4.4 mg/L for 48 hr

LC50; Species: Penaeus setiferus (white shrimp); Conditions: /static/; Concentration: 3.9 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: /static/; Concentration: 11.6 mg/L for 24 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for BENZYL CHLORIDE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Mosquito Fish (Gambusia affinis) were exposed for 7 days to 0.05 and 0.5 mg/L of benzyl chloride; chemosensory system had affect at both concentrations, effectiveness was proportionate to exposure concentrations (determination of response to standard stimulant L-serine).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Cyprinus carpio (Fish, fresh water) were force-fed /Benzyl chloride/ for 44 hrs. NOEC /No Observable Effect Level/ was 107 - 176 mg/kg bw

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Benzyl chloride produced differential cytotoxicity for a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the extent of which was dependent on the presence of genes regulating DNA repair

1.10e+00

4.80e+00

5.70e-02

2.50e-01

8.90e-02

5.00e+00

1.70e-01

2.00e-03

1.00e-03

Volatile

1.46e+03

6.80e+01

3.20e+02

3.10e+00

1.30e+01

5.90e+00

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Benzyl chloride's production and use in the manufacture of benzyl compounds, perfumes, pharmaceutical products, dyes, synthetic tannins, and artificial resins as well as in the manufacture of photographic developer, penicillin precursors, gasoline gum inhibitors, quarternary compounds, and intermediates may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.23 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates benzyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days. Benzyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, benzyl chloride is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 100. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Benzyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 70.9% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. However, because of its rapid reaction in water, the percent biodegradation may be that of the hydrolysis product, benzyl alcohol. If released into water, benzyl chloride is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hrs and 5 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by hydrolysis. An estimated BCF of 20 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Benzyl chloride hydrolyzes in water with a reported half-life of 15 hours. Occupational exposure to benzyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where benzyl chloride is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to benzyl chloride via inhalation of contaminated indoor air containing benzyl chloride. (SRC)

Benzyl chloride's production and use in the manufacture of benzyl compounds, perfumes, pharmaceutical products, dyes, synthetic tannins, and artificial resins(1) as well as in the manufacture of photographic developer, penicillin precursors, gasoline gum inhibitors, quarternary compounds, and intermediates(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 100(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.30(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that benzyl chloride is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benzyl chloride from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.23 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 525 mg/L(5). Benzyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 70.9% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process(SRC). However, because of its rapid reaction in water, the percent biodegradation may be that of the hydrolysis product, benzyl alcohol(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 100(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.30(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that benzyl chloride is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.23 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 525 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). Benzyl chloride hydrolyzes in water with a reported half-life of 15 hours reported(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 20(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 70.9% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(9) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process(SRC). However, because of its rapid reaction in water, the percent biodegradation may be that of the hydrolysis product, benzyl alcohol(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 1.23 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.90X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Benzyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Benzyl chloride, present at 100 mg/L, reached 70.9% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). Benzyl chloride biodegraded readily with the formation of dechlorinated products during a 2-day incubation period using raw sewage and raw sewage acclimated to non-chlorinated compounds(2). However, since benzyl chloride is subject to hydrolysis(3-5), it is probably the biodegradation of benzyl alcohol that is measured in these studies(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.90X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for benzyl chloride has been found to range from 0.042X10-5 sec-1 at 0.1 °C to 1.38X10-5 sec-1 at 25 °C(3-7) which corresponds to half-lives of 0.58 to 19.1 days, respectively(SRC). The rate of aqueous hydrolysis has been found to be independent of pH up to pH 13.0(6). The aqueous hydrolysis products of benzyl chloride are benzyl alcohol and hydrogen chloride(5,6). Benzyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(8) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 20 was calculated in fish for benzyl chloride(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.30(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of benzyl chloride is estimated as 100(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.30(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that benzyl chloride is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for benzyl chloride is estimated as 4.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.23 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 525 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that benzyl chloride is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). The potential for volatilization of benzyl chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Benzyl chloride was detected, not quantified in the leachate plum of the Norman, OK landfill, adjacent to the Canadian River. Samples were taken in November 1995 and April 1196(1).

SURFACE WATER: Benzyl chloride was detected, not quantified in one of 17 samples collected from the Delaware River in October 1976(1).

Benzyl chloride has been detected in various unidentified industrial effluents(1). In the USA, benzyl chloride is emitted to the atmosphere from its commercial production and use at an estimated rate of 45,000 lbs/year with the emissions originating from scrubber vents, vacuum jets, storage and fugitive emissions, and equipment leaks(2). Stack emissions from waste incineration have been found to contain benzyl chloride(3). Emissions of benzyl chloride from floor tile manufactured with butyl benzyl phthalate have been reported(4).

Benzyl chloride has been detected, not quantified in the soil-sediment-water matrix of the Love Canal near Niagara, NY(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Monitoring of ambient air in seven USA cities (Houston, St. Louis, Denver, Riverside, Staten Is, Pittsburgh, Chicago) between 1980 and 1981 found benzyl chloride levels generally below analytical detection limits of 5 parts per trillion, although concentrations as high as 111 parts per trillion were detected(1). Benzyl chloride was not detected (detection limit unspecified) in a survey of ambient air concentration measurements in the United States (2). The mean concentration of benzyl chloride in the ambient air of Columbus, OH was 0.35 ppb (max, 1.60 ppb) in June, 1989(3).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P028, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Incineration at 1500 °F for 0.5 sec minimum for primary combustion and 2200 °F for 12.0 sec for secondary combustion. Elemental chlorine formation may be alleviated by injection of steam or methane into the combustion process.

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BENZYL CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1738; Benzyl chloride

IMO 6.1; Benzyl chloride

49 360 12; Benzyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 45-22-23-37/38-41-48/22; S: 53-45; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II