phenylhydrazine

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372 **: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (99.2%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (96.1%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341 (100%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (99.2%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372 (100%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 129 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phenylhydrazine:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. If liquid: collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. If solid: sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

... Should be used only in well ventilated premises and cumulative action of repeated small doses should be avoided.

Inhalation of salt dusts should be avoided. /Hydrazine & derivatives/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Keep well closed and protected from light

Since they are strong reducing agents, they are hypergolic when in contact with strong oxidizers ... /Hydrazine derivatives/

All hydrazines should be stored at temperatures well below their boiling points. Hydrazines that are ignitable shall be stored in electrically grounded containers and isolated from ignition sources and oxidants. All containers of hydrazines shall be kept tightly closed when not in use and stored in a cool ventilated room or sheltered outside space. In the containers, a blanket of nitrogen or other inert gas should be placed over the hydrazines.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.013 [ppm]

0.14 [ppm]

250 [ppm]

0.14 ppm (0.6 mg/m³) [120 minutes]

Ca C 0.14 ppm (0.6 mg/m3) [2-hr] [skin] See Appendix A

5.0 [ppm]

5 ppm (22 mg/m³)

TWA 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G

15 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

15.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: No data on acute or chronic inhalation toxicity are available on which to base the IDLH. Systemic effects described by Patty [1963] were caused by chronic exposures from oral dosing. NIOSH [1976] cited a rat oral LD50 of 188 mg/kg [Ekshtat 1965] which provides a calculated estimate of 1,300 mg/m3 (295 ppm) for the IDLH.

15 ppm; NIOSH considers phenylhydrazine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [15 ppm]

See: 100630

0.1 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

0.1 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

0.1 ppm [1998]

skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH); carcinogen category: 3

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in haemolysis. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in anaemia. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phenylhydrazine:

Phenylhydrazine appears as pale yellow crystals. Melting point 66 °F. Becomes an oily liquid. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Flash point 192 °F. Autoignition temperature 345 °F. Soluble in alcohol.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid or solid (below 67 degrees F) with a faint, aromatic odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW OILY LIQUID OR CRYSTALS. TURNS RED-BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO AIR AND LIGHT.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid or solid (below 67 °F) with a faint, aromatic odor.

Monoclinic prisms or oil

Colorless to pale yellow liquid or solid (below 67 degrees F).

Faint, aromatic odor.

471 °F at 760 mmHg (with decomposition) (USCG, 1999)

243.5 °C, decomp (760 mm Hg); 173.5 °C at 100 mm Hg; 148.2 °C at 40 mm Hg; 131.5 °C at 20 mm Hg; 115.8 °C at 10 mm Hg; 101.6 °C at 5 mm Hg; 71.8 °C at 1 mm Hg

470 °F (decomposes)

243.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

470 °F (Decomposes)

68 °F (USCG, 1999)

MP: 243-6 °C, decomposes; molecular wt 144.60 /Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride/

Liquid Molar Volume= 0.098820 cu m/kmol; IG Heat of Formation= 2.0350X10+8 J/kmol; Heat of Fusion at the Melting Point= 1.6429X10+7 J/kmol.

190 °F (USCG, 1999)

190 °F, 88 °C (closed cup)

88 °C c.c.

Slight (NIOSH, 2024)

Sparingly sol petroleum ether, sol in dil acids. Miscible in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and benzene

Soluble in oxygenated, chlorinated, and aromatic solvents.

Very soluble in acetone.

In water, 1.27X10+5 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 14.5

1.0978 (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0978 at 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.1

1.0978 @ 20°C

3.7 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.7

0.04 mmHg at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

0.02 [mmHg]

0.026 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 10

0.04 mmHg at 77 °F

0.026 [mm Hg] @25 °C

(77 °F): 0.04 mmHg

log Kow= 1.25

Henry's Law constant = 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C /Estimated/

345 °F (USCG, 1999)

When exposed to air becomes red-brown. Slightly denser than water and slightly soluble in water.

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

PHENYLHYDRAZINE may ignite spontaneously when in contact with oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid, oxides of iron or copper, or manganese, lead, copper or their alloys. Will not polymerize (USCG, 1999).

Strong oxidizers, lead dioxide.

Lead dioxide reacts instantly & vigorously with phenylhydrazine.

Interaction, in presence of diluent below 0 °C, with isopropylamine or isobutylamine caused separation of explosive liquids, and with ... phenylhydrazine and 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, explosive solids.

The oxide /2-phenylhydrazone oxide/ reacts violently after warming for a few min with phenylhydrazine.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, lead dioxide

IDENTIFICATION: Phenylhydrazine exists as yellow to brown crystals or as a yellowish oily liquid. This chemical is used world wide mainly as a chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The number of persons potentially exposed to phenylhydrazine or its hydrochloride salt is unknown, but is expected to be small. No personal exposure data were available. There is evidence that phenylhydrazine has skin sensitizing properties in humans. There are no adequate data available regarding the reproductive or developmental effects, hence, it is not possible to evaluate the risk to human health for these endpoints. The level of risk in occupational settings is uncertain; as a result, there is a continuing requirement to reduce exposure levels with the technology currently available. The lack of available data to serve as a basis for estimation of indirect exposure of individuals to phenylhydrazine from the general environment precludes the characterization of potential cancer risks for the general population. ANIMAL/PLANT STUDIES: The limited data on the toxicokinetics indicate that phenylhydrazine is well absorbed by inhalation, oral and dermal routes and binds readily with hemoglobin in red blood cells. Metabolism seems to occur via ring hydroxylation and conjugation, probably with glucuronic acid. Excretion is primarily via the urine. Phenylhydrazine is toxic by single exposure via the oral route (LD50 80-188 mg/kg body weight) and is expected to be toxic by inhalation and dermal routes (data from these routes are less clear). Phenylhydrazine has potential for skin and eye irritation. Exposure to this chemical may cause damage to red blood cells, potentially resulting in anemia and consequential secondary involvement of other tissues such as the spleen and liver. Phenylhydrazine is mutagenic in vitro, and there is some evidence to indicate that it may express genotoxic activity in vivo. The substance is clearly carcinogenic in mice following oral dosing, inducing tumors of the vascular system. Phenylhydrazine is readily biodegradable. Phenylhydrazine is toxic to aquatic organisms, with the lowest reported no observed effect concentration (NOEC) in standard acute fish tests at 0.01 mg/l; fish are generally more sensitive than either daphnids or bacteria. A NOEC of 0.49 ug/l has been reported for embryo larval stages of the zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Weakness. Dizziness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness.

Skin sensitization, hemolytic anemia, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), cyanosis; jaundice; kidney damage; vascular thrombosis; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Blood, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, skin

[in animals: tumors of the lungs, liver, blood vessels & intestine]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Hemolytic anemia - Decreased hemoglobin or number of red blood cells.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

LC50 (rat) = 2,610 mg/m3

LD50 Rat oral 188 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 175 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 80 mg/kg

LD50 Dog oral 200-250 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Erythrocytes (RBC) from phenylhydrazine treated mice are protective when injected into syngenic mice before x-ray irradiation. Evidence suggested that repair of hemopoietic stem cells was enhanced in mice injected with phenylhydrazine red blood cells before x-ray irradiation.

The protective effect of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHCL) against acute deaths resulting from whole body irradiation was examined in mice. Male (C3H/C57Bl)F1 mice received sc 1 mg PHCL in 0.1 mL water for 3 days. Controls received injections of water. Mice were injected ip with (59)iron as citrate 1 to 10 days after 3rd PHCL injection. Some mice were exposed to 800 roentgens at various intervals after 3rd injection. During the 1st five days, PHCL caused increases in spleen wt and (59)iron uptake in erthyrocytes and spleen, but a reduction in (59)iron uptake in femurs. All values returned to those of controls by 10 days after 3rd injection. Thirty-day survival of water injected control was 10%. Pretreatment with PHCL improved 30-day survival to almost 100% when mice were irradiated between 4 and 8 days after 3rd injection. Apparently the improved survival resulted from an increase in the number of hemopoietic stem cells at time of irradiation. /Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride/

The peroxidation induced by phenylhydrazine in rats chronically exposed to lead was evaluated. Wistar-rats were exposed to lead in-utero and up to four months after birth via administration of distilled drinking water containing ...lead-acetate. The animals were then maintained in a closed desiccator system for analysis of exhaled hydrocarbons before or immediately after injection of phenylhydrazine. The effect of chronic lead pretreatment was assessed by measuring the production of the four main volatile hydrocarbons: ethane and pentane as indices of lipid peroxidation; propane as a marker of protein peroxidation; and ethylene as an index of both lipid and protein peroxidations. Lead alone did not increase the physiological formation of alkanes. After phenylhydrazine injection, lipid peroxidation markers were not modified except for pentane in male lead treated rats. Ethylene and propane exhalation, on the other hand, were increased 45 minutes after phenylhydrazine injection in lead treated rats, indicating lead induced potentiation of the oxidative effect of phenylhydrazine.

Specific treatment for exposure consists of thorough washing of all exposed skin areas with soap and water, copious irrigation of the eyes, and prompt removal of the patient from the source of exposure. /Hydrazines/

After inhalation, observation for progressive respiratory distress is necessary. Chest X-ray and arterial blood gases should be monitored. Administration of oxygen, intubation, and assisted ventilation may become necessary. Pneumonia and bronchitis need to be excluded. /Hydrazines/

Pyridoxine may be antidotal. Seizures should be controlled with diazepam, phenytoin, or phenobarbital. Blood sugar levels should be monitored for severe hypoglycemia, which may appear with or without preceding significant hyperglycemia. The patient should be observed for evidence of intravascular hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, and consequent deterioration of renal function. Patients who are symptomatic or who demonstrate a methemoglobin level greater than 30 per cent should be treated with methylene blue 1 to 2 mg per kg slowly IV every 4 hours as needed. Improvement is dramatic if diagnosis is correct. Liver function should be monitored because hydrazines are known hepatotoxins. /Hydrazines/

Elimination is enhanced by forced diuresis and acidification of the urine. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis should be effective, but insufficient human data exist on the use of these modalities. Treatment is otherwise symptomatic and supportive. /Hydrazines/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Situations in which air concentration ... approach 5 ppm and particularly where there is additional possibility of skin contact, workers should be under careful medical observation.

It is essential that alcoholics or persons suffering from liver ailments or blood disorders are ... /protected/ from work with phenylhydrazine. Complete periodic medical exam should including blood tests, as well as biochemical tests (glycemia, cholesterolemia, bilirubinemia). Urine should be exam ... for the degradation products of phenylhydrazine.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Effects of phenylhydrazine... obtained from use of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride for therapy. The conditions observed including hemolytic anemia, with hyperbilirubinemia and urobilinuria, and appearance of Heinz bodies; liver damage with hepatomegaly, icterus and very dark urine containing phenols; sometimes signs of kidney manifestations occurred. Hematological effects including cyanosis, hemolytic anemia sometimes with methemoglobinemia and leukocytosis. Among the more general symptoms were fatigue, giddiness, diarrhea, and lowering of blood pressure. /Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes CNS effects. /from table/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ...Many cases of contact dermatitis have been reported in industrial employees, lab workers, and patients. It is apparent that phenylhydrazine is potent skin sensitizer that will produce eczematous dermatitis with redness, swelling, and vesiculation in high proportion of individuals who have repeated skin contact.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ In several instances of occupational exposure by both dermal and inhalation routes, hemolytic anemia was observed. Dermatitis and skin hypersensitivity have also occurred in the absence of other toxic effects.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Minimum sc dose in mice that is lethal for 100% of animals is 180 mg/kg. These animals show progressive cyanosis, irregular respiration, and increased dyspnea progressing to death. Degenerative lesions found in liver, kidneys, and other organs along with evidence of vascular damage.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The /acute/ toxic effects are characterized by destruction of red blood cells, causing a reduction in erythrocyte count, increased reticulocyte count, methemoglobin formation, and the formation of Heinz bodies, and a cyanotic external appearance may develop. Enlargement and dark coloration of the spleen are also reported, effects that are considered to be secondary to the erythrocyte damage.

LC50 Brachydanio rerio (Zebrafish) 0.16-0.26 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50 Daphnia sp. (Water flea; intoxication, immobilization) <1200 ug/L 24 hr; static

LC50 Oryzias latipes (Medaka) 21,400 ug/L/24 hr, 15,700 ug/L/48 hr; static

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicities of hydrazine and phenylhydrazine to embryos and larvae of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, were studied under standardized conditions. Exposures to the chemicals started at the blastula stage and the effect on hatching and survival were monitored for 15 days. The results showed that toxicities of phenylhydrazine to both embryos and larvae were more than those of hydrazine. The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration for hatching was 0.049 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.0078 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, the Lowest Observed Effects Concentration for survival of larvae was 0.0035 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.00098 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, respectively. The No Observed Effect Concentration for hatching was 0.0245 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.0039 mg/L for phenylhydrazine and the No Observed Effect Concentration for survival of larvae was 0.00175 mg/L for hydrazine and 0.00049 mg/L for phenylhydrazine, respectively.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a study on the goldfish (Carassius auratus), 40% of fish died when exposed to phenylhydrazine at a nominal concentration of 1 mg/L for 48 h. Signs of toxicity included erratic swimming, sinking to the bottom of the test tank, and slowed and erratic respiration. No gross lesions were found following dissection, although all viscera showed focal hemorrhaging.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Effects on blood cells and the hematopoietic system, comparable to those found in mammals, were seen in fish injected with phenylhydrazine. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) juveniles were injected with 12.5 mg phenylhydrazine/kg body weight. Red cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit fell to 1-5% of their normal values within 10 days of treatment; a slight improvement was reported 15 days following injection, and values had returned to normal 95 days after treatment.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Phenylhydrazine's production and use in the manufacture of dyes, antipyrine, nitron (a stabilizer for explosives) and pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, phenylhydrazine will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere, based on a vapor pressure of 0.026 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase phenylhydrazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 9 hours. Phenylhydrazine also absorbs light above 290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis; however, the kinetics of this potential reaction are not known. An estimated Koc value of 110 suggests that phenylhydrazine will have high mobility in soil. Phenylhydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.21, suggesting it will partially exist as a cation in moist soil, and the cationic form may adsorb to soil more than the free base. Phenylhydrazine is not expected to volatilize from moist soil surfaces because cations do not volatilize and the Henry's Law constant of the free base is estimated as 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected to be important given the vapor pressure of this compound. Based on limited data, phenylhydrazine may biodegrade in soil and water under aerobic conditions. In an aerobic aqueous screening test, phenylhydrazine was 85% biodegraded in 9-13 days. In water, the neutral species of phenylhydrazine is not expected to adsorb to sediment and particulate matter based on its Koc value, however the cationic form may have greater adsorption potential. This compound should not volatilize from water surfaces given its estimated Henry's Law constant and the fact that cations do not volatilize. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low based on an estimated BCF value of 2. Phenylhydrazine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in water as it lacks hydrolyzable functional groups, but may be subject to photolysis in sunlit surface waters. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at workplaces where phenylhydrazine is produced or used. (SRC)

Phenylhydrazine's production and use in the manufacture of dyes, antipyrine, nitron (a stabilizer for explosives)(1) and pharmaceuticals(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 110(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.25(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that phenylhydrazine will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Phenylhydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.21(4), suggesting it will partially exist as a cation in moist soil, and the cationic form may adsorb to soil more than the free base(SRC). Phenylhydrazine is not expected to volatilize from moist soil surfaces(SRC)because cations do not volatilize and the Henry's Law constant of the free base is estimated as 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.026 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1.27X10+5 mg/L(6). In the Zahn-Wellens aqueous screening test, 85% of this compound was biodegraded in 9-13 days(7). Phenylhydrazine may be susceptible to photolysis upon exposure to sunlight on soil surfaces as it strongly absorbs UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths >290 nm)(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 110(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.25(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that phenylhydrazine should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Phenylhydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.21(4), suggesting it will partially exist as a cation in water, and the cationic form may adsorb to sediment more than the free base(SRC). Phenylhydrazine is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3)because cations do not volatilize and the Henry's Law constant of the free base is estimated as 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.026 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1.27X10+5 mg/L(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF value of 2(SRC), from a measured log Kow(2) and regression derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, phenylhydrazine may biodegrade under aerobic conditions in natural water environments(SRC). In the Zahn-Wellens aqueous screening test, 85% of this compound was biodegraded in 9-13 days(9). Phenylhydrazine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis as it lacks hydrolyzable functional groups, but may be susceptible to photolysis upon exposure to sunlight in natural waters because it strongly absorbs UV light in the environmental UV spectrum (wavelengths >290 nm)(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phenylhydrazine, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.026 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phenylhydrazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) estimated with a structure estimation method(3).

In a Warburg respirometer study using aniline-acclimated activated sludge, phenylhydrazine was found to be appreciably more resistant to biological oxidation than aniline(1). Phenylhydrazine, in the static Zahn-Wellens test, was 85% biodegraded in 9-13 days; circa 25% biodegradation of this compound was reported for other laboratories using respirometer tests(2).

Phenylhydrazine in methanol solution strongly absorbs light in the environmental UV range(wavelengths >290 nm)(1). This suggests that phenylhydrazine may be susceptible to photolysis upon exposure to sunlight(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phenylhydrazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Phenylhydrazine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in water since it does not contain functional groups that hydrolyze readily under environmental conditions(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 2 was calculated for phenylhydrazine(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.25(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of phenylhydrazine is estimated as approximately 110(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.25(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that phenylhydrazine has high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of phenylhydrazine has been reported as 5.21(4), suggesting this compound exists as a cation in moist soils, and cations tend to adsorb more to soils than neutral compounds(5).

Phenylhydrazine is a weak base with a pKa of 5.21(1), which suggests this compound exists partially as a cation in the moist soil and water(SRC). The Henry's Law constant for the free base of phenylhydrazine is estimated as 2.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.026 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.27X10+5 mg/L(3). Based upon the estimated Henry's Law constant of the free base and the fact that cations do not volatilize, phenylhydrazine will be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(4). Phenylhydrazine's vapor pressure(2) indicates that volatilization from dry surfaces should not be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 212 workers (19 of these are female) are exposed to phenylhydrazine in the USA(1). Potential for occupational exposure exists during manufacture, transport, and handling of this compound and during its use in the manufacture of dyes, antipyrine, and nitron (stabilizer for explosive) and use as a reagent in analytical chemistry(2).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHENYLHYDRAZINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2572; Phenylhydrazine

IMO 6.1; Phenylhydrazine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 45-23/24/25-36/38-43-48/23/24/25-68-50; S: 53-45-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II