Barium nitrate

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.2% (5 of 403) of reports.

H272 (68.7%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H301 (12.2%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (86.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319 (24.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (98.8%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 403 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 5 of 403 reports by companies.

There are 15 notifications provided by 398 of 403 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P304+P340, P308+P316, P319, P321, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P220, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Barium nitrate (as Ba):

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. NO carbon dioxide.

In case of fire in the surroundings: water in large amounts. NO carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible ... If fire becomes uncontrollable, consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

Containers may explode in fire.

It is non-combustible but it will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities of the material are involved in the fire or the combustible material is finely divided an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure of the material to fire or heat may result in an explosion.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.

Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.

Sweep spilled substance into containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

The sulfate may be brushed up and treated as normal refuse. Soluble barium salts should be scooped up and treated as for waste disposal. Wash the spill area thoroughly with water. /Soluble barium salts/

Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Barium/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Barium nitrate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

... Ion exchange, lime softening and reverse osmosis are effective to remove barium from drinking water. Conventional coagulation/filtration processes are not effective to remove barium from drinking water. /Barium ion/

Package lots. Place in a separate labeled container for recycling or disposal. Small quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Avoid breathing dust. Dissolve the barium salt in the minimum volume of water. For each gram of barium salt, add 15 mL of 10% sodium sulfate solution. Let stand for 1 week. Test for completeness of precipitation by adding a few drops of 10% sodium sulfate solution. If required, add more sodium sulfate solution until no further precipitation occurs. Decant supernatant liquid or filter solid. Treat solid as normal refuse. Wash liquid into drain. /Barium salt/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amount of water or soap and water.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Barium nitrate (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, powdered metals and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area. Avoid any possible contact with incompatible materials ...

Separated from combustible and reducing substances, powdered metals, and food and feedstuffs.

Storage temp: Ambient

Barium nitrate is packed and stored in 25kg polyethylene-lined multilayer paper bags.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.5 [mg/m3], as Ba, inhalable fraction(soluble compds)[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

2.9 [mg/m3]

50 [mg/m3]

440 [mg/m3]

TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [*Note: The REL also applies to other soluble barium compounds (as Ba) except Barium sulfate.]

0.5 [mg/m3], as Ba

TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [*Note: The PEL also applies to other soluble barium compounds (as Ba) except Barium sulfate.]

50 mg Ba/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

50.0 [mg/m3], as Ba

50 mg/cu m /Barium nitrate (as Ba)/

50 mg/m3 (as Ba)

See: IDLH INDEX

(as Ba): 0.5 mg/m

Intermediate Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (L134)

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Barium byproduct materials under NRC export/import licensing authority: Barium-131, Barium-133, Barium-140: Any accelerator-produced, extracted, or converted for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity.

Table: Quantities of Licensed Material Requiring Labeling [Table#1212]

For combinations of radioactive materials, consideration of the need for an emergency plan is required if the sum of the ratios of the quantity of each radioactive material authorized to the quantity listed for that material in Schedule C exceeds one.

Table: Quantities of Radioactive Materials Requiring Emergency Plan for Responding to a Release. [Table#1213]

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Exposure could cause hypokalaemia. This may result in cardiac disorders and muscular disorders. Exposure could cause death.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Barium nitrate (as Ba):

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. (NIOSH, 2024)

Barium nitrate appears as a white crystalline solid. Noncombustible, but accelerates burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced in fires.

Dry Powder; Large Crystals; CBI

Colorless or white odorless solid; [HSDB] White odorless crystalline solid; Slightly soluble in water; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE CRYSTALS OR CRYSTALLINE POWDER.

White, odorless solid.

White cubic crystals

Lustrous white crystals

Crystals or crystalline powder

Odorless

Decomposes (NIOSH, 2024)

Decomposes

1098 °F (USCG, 1999)

9 % (NIOSH, 2024)

10.3 g/100 g water at 25 °C

Slightly soluble in ethanol and acetone

Solubility in water as weight %: 4.72%, 0 °C; 9.27%, 25 °C; 12.35%, 40 °C; 16.9%, 60 °C; 21.4%, 80 °C; 25.6%, 100 °C; 32.0%, 135 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 8.7 (moderate)

3.24 at 73.4 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

3.24 g/cu cm

3.24 g/cm³

3.24 @25 °C

Low (NIOSH, 2024)

The substance decomposes on heating producing nitrogen oxides.

Strong oxidizing material

Heat of solution: 36 BTU/lb = 20 cal/g = 0.84X10+5 J/kg

Heat of formation: -988 kJ/mol; Gibbs energy of formation: -792.67 kJ/mol; molar entropy: 214.0 J/mol-K; molar heat capacity: 151.4 J/mol-K

Decomposes above 590 °C

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Barium nitrate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

dielectric constant

pyroelectric constant

crystal structure

dielectricity

piezooptic effect

enthalpy

molar conductivity

Gibbs energy

Wyckoff sequence

positional coordinate

paraelectricity

space group

Soluble in water.

Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Mixtures of metal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures of nitrates with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109].

A strong oxidizer ... Keep away from strong acids; reducing agents. Contact with organic and combustible materials (such as wood, paper, oil and fuels); and aluminum-magnesium alloys, since violent reactions occur. Contact with sulfur powder and finely divided metals can form a shock-sensitive compounds.

The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials.

Aluminum, potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, and water. A mixture with barium nitrate exploded after 24 hr of underwater storage.

A mixture consisting of barium dioxide, barium nitrate, magnesium, and zinc exploded from an unknown cause, demolishing a small plant.

Acids, oxidizers, aluminum-magnesium alloys (barium dioxide + zinc) [Note: Contact with combustible material may cause fire].

Acids, oxidizers, aluminum-magnesium alloys, (barium dioxide + zinc) [Note: Contact with combustible material may cause fire.]

Barium is a competitive potassium channel antagonist that blocks the passive efflux of intracellular potassium, resulting in a shift of potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartments. The intracellular translocation of potassium results in a decreased resting membrane potential, making the muscle fibers electrically unexcitable and causing paralysis. Some of these barium's effects may also be due to barium induced neuromuscular blockade and membrane depolarization. Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613, L214)

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Barium and soluble compounds, as Ba/

Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)

The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the compound dissolves in water or the stomach contents. At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant, while higher doses affect the nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness, anxiety, dyspnea, paralysisand possibly death. Barium may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, damage the kidneys and cause decreases in body weight. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137, L214)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L214) ; inhalation (L214)

Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

Redness. Pain.

Excessive salivation. Abdominal cramps. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath. Weakness.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; skin burns; gastroenteritis; muscle spasm; slow pulse, extrasystoles; hypokalemia

Ingesting excess barium may cause vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, difficulties in breathing, increased or decreased blood pressure, numbness around the face, and muscle weakness. High levels may result in changes in heart rhythm or paralysis and possibly death. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137, L214)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, heart, central nervous system

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

LD50: 355 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T26)

LD50 Mouse oral approx 16 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse oral approx. 28 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse iv 8.49 + or - 0.14 mg/kg.

LD50 Mouse iv 20.10 + or - 0.34 mg/kg.

LD50 Rat oral 355 mg/kg bw

Intravenous infusion of potassium often relieves many of the symptoms of barium toxicity. Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613, L214)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Barium and Related Compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Barium nitrate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The substance is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Exposure could cause hypokalaemia, resulting in cardiac disorders and muscular disorders. Exposure may result in death.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are upper respiratory irritation; gastroenteritis; muscle spasm; slow pulse, extrasystoles; hypokalemia; irritation of eyes and skin; skin burns.

/CASE REPORTS/ A 16 year old girl swallowed approx 20 g of barium nitrate. On admission to the hospital, the following symptoms were observed: spasm-like gastrocnemius pain, increased sensitivity to pain stimuli, mydriasis /extreme dilatation of the pupil/ with slow reaction to light, toe reflex absent, intermittent uncoordinated muscle contractions over the total body; cardiac frequency of 96 with irregular pulsation; blood pressure 150/90; hemogram: Hb 111%; RBC: 5.6 million, WBC: 67,500; platelets: 160,000; urinalysis: SG 1.026, protein positive, urobilin slightly positive, sediment rich in RBC and WBC. 5 hr after intake: ECG: negative T wave and masked with a great U wave; QT/QU: 0.7 sec; sinus rythym was interrupted with ventricular extrasystoles ... The observations made in the mentioned case report indicate that the toxicity of this compound is primarily related to the acute effects of the barium ion.

/CASE REPORTS/ A 22-year-old male was admitted to hospital with diarrhea and vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, severe hypokalemia and gradual onset of muscular weakness. A potassium infusion was started, but for several hours serum potassium remained low. Evidence of toxic ingestion was initially lacking. When it became clear -- after a considerable delay -- that the patient had ingested barium nitrate, hemodialysis was started. This resulted in rapid clinical improvement with correction of hypokalemia and restored muscular function. Intoxication with barium causes hypokalemia, arrhythmias, muscular weakness and paralysis, often requiring respiratory support. This patient presented with symptoms typical of severe barium intoxication, non-responsive to potassium supplementation. There are few published reports on the use of hemodialysis in barium poisoning. This case confirms the possible benefit of hemodialysis in severe cases, where potassium supplementation alone is insufficient.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Barium nitrate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In rabbits, barium nitrate causes mild skin irritation (24 hr exposure) and severe eye irritation (24 hr exposure)...

/GENOTOXICITY/ Most in vitro studies found that ... barium nitrate did not induce gene mutations in bacterial assays with or without metabolic activation. ... Negative results have also been observed for barium nitrate in the rec assay using B. subtilis strains H17 and H45.

/GENOTOXICITY/ In vivo studies of barium genotoxicity are limited to a /single/ study in Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, positive results were found in the somatic mutation and recombination test when high levels of barium nitrate were used; the results were inconclusive at low barium nitrate levels.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Negative results have ... been observed for barium nitrate in the rec assay using B. subtilis strains H17 and H45.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Barium nitrate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Protect from exposure those individuals with diseases of kidney & lung.

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age <24 hr neonate); Conditions: freshwater, static, 21 °C, pH 7.6; Concentration: 0.512 mM for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Nitrobarite is found in/ the mineral Nitrobarite, which in turn is found in Chile and was discovered in 1882(1).

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age <24 hr neonate); Conditions: freshwater, static, 21 °C, pH 7.6; Concentration: 0.512 mM for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Nitrobarite is found in/ the mineral Nitrobarite, which in turn is found in Chile and was discovered in 1882(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 19,320 workers (5,165 of these were female) were potentially exposed to barium nitrate in the US(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

... Ion exchange, lime softening and reverse osmosis are effective to remove barium from drinking water. Conventional coagulation/filtration processes are not effective to remove barium from drinking water. /Barium ion/

Package lots. Place in a separate labeled container for recycling or disposal. Small quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Avoid breathing dust. Dissolve the barium salt in the minimum volume of water. For each gram of barium salt, add 15 mL of 10% sodium sulfate solution. Let stand for 1 week. Test for completeness of precipitation by adding a few drops of 10% sodium sulfate solution. If required, add more sodium sulfate solution until no further precipitation occurs. Decant supernatant liquid or filter solid. Treat solid as normal refuse. Wash liquid into drain. /Barium salt/

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some may burn rapidly. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Health: Toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dust is toxic. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Barium nitrate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1446; Barium nitrate

IMO 5.1; Barium nitrate

49 187 09; Barium nitrate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Oxidizer Poison

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: Xn; R: 20/22; S: (2)-28

UN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II