Sulfur monochloride

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H331 (28.9%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (28.9%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (33.1%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (68.9%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 360 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sulfur monochloride:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, carbon dioxide. NO hydrous agents. NO water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors & toxic decomposition products.

/In fire/ wear goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, & rubber overclothing (including gloves).

Use ... dry sand. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Hydrochloric acid/

Confined fires with high fuel loads of polyvinyl chloride, such as a fire in a vault with a high load of polyvinyl chloride-coated electrical wiring, may generate sufficient hydrogen chloride to cause irritation in fire fighters. Rapid combustion of relatively large amt of polymer may yield ... hydrogen chloride ... . /Hydrochloric acid/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1828 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid with mixture of dry soda ash and slaked lime.

1) Ventilate area of spill. 2) Spray on a thick layer of a (1:1) mixture of dry soda ash & slaked lime. Mix & spray on water slowly, then add large amounts of water.

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).

Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Neutralize with limestone, soda ash or slaked lime. /Hydrochloric acid/

The acid should never be disposed of into the sewage system until the pH is /adjusted/ to 5.5-8.5. /Hydrochloric acid/

Principles and methods for destruction of chemical weapons: ... "Destruction of chemical weapons" means a process by which chemicals are converted in an essentially irreversible way to a form unsuitable for production of chemical weapons, and which in an irreversible manner renders munitions and other devices unusable as such. ... Each ... /nation/ shall determine how it shall destroy chemical weapons, except that the following processes may not be used: dumping in any body of water, land burial or open-pit burning. It shall destroy chemical weapons only at specifically designated and appropriately designed and equipped facilities. ... Each ... /nation/ shall ensure that its chemical weapons destruction facilities are constructed and operated in a manner to ensure the destruction of the chemical weapons; and that the destruction process can be verified under the provisions of this Convention.

Clothing contaminated with sulfur monochloride should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for removal of sulfur monochloride from clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the sulfur monochloride, the person performing the operation should be informed of sulfur monochloride's hazardous properties.

Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employee's body to liquid sulfur monochloride, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided for emergency use.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock down vapors. Do not use water on material itself.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants, peroxides, phosphorus oxides, organic compounds and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Dry. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Isolate from water & oxidizing materials.

Sulfur chlorides are noncorrosive to carbon steel and iron when dry. If it is necessary to avoid discoloration caused by iron sulfide formation, stainless steel should be used. ... When wet, they behave like hydrochloric acid and attack steel, cast iron, aluminum, stainless steels, copper and copper alloys, and many nickel-based materials. Alloys of 62 Ni-28 Mo and 54 Ni-15 Cr-16 are useful under these conditions. /Sulfur chlorides/

Storage temp: ambient

THE ACID SHOULD NOT BE STORED IN THE VICINITY OF FLAMMABLE OR OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES, EG NITRIC ACID OR CHLORATES, OR NEAR METALS AND METAL HYDRIDES THAT MAY BE ATTACKED BY THE ACID ... ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE FLAMEPROOF AND PROTECTED AGAINST CORROSIVE ACTION. ... /HYDROCHLORIC ACID/

Aldehydes and epoxides in the presence of hydrochloric acid cause violent polymerization. Alcohol and glycols in the presence of hydrochloric acid lead to dehydration reactions. /Hydrochloric acid/

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Interim

0.53 [ppm]

6.4 [ppm]

15 [ppm]

1 ppm (6 mg/m³)

C 1 ppm (6 mg/m3)

1.0 [ppm]

TWA 1 ppm (6 mg/m3) See Appendix G

5 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

5.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: It has been reported that cats have tolerated 15­minute exposures to 12 ppm, while 48 ppm could lead to death after a few days [Flury and Zernik 1931].

See: 10025679

Ceiling Limit: 1 ppm.

1 ppm as STEL

1 ppm [1986]

DOE Protective Action Criteria (PAC): Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs) for Sulfur monochloride: TEEL-0: 0.53 ppm; PAC-1: 0.53 ppm; PAC-2: 6.4 ppm; PAC-3: 15 ppm (TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects; PAC-1: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing other than mild transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor; PAC-2: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action; PAC-3: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects).

Australia, Belgium, Finland, Japan, Netherlands, Switzerland, West Germany, and Yugoslavia, 1 ppm; Poland, 0.9 ppm; and Romania, 0.3 ppm with a 0.9 ppm max.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Sulfur monochloride:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Chemical safety goggles &/or face shield ... chemically resistant shoes or boots, apron, & long-sleeve gloves.

WORKERS SHOULD WEAR ACID-RESISTANT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, INCL HOODS, EYE & FACE PROTECTION, ACID-RESISTANT HAND & ARM PROTECTION, & FOOT & LEG PROTECTION ... WORKERS SHOULD WEAR RESP PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OF SELF CONTAINED OR CANISTER TYPE DEPENDING ON CONCN. /HYDROCHLORIC ACID/

For entry into a situation where the spilled material and its characteristics are unknown ... a totally-encapsulated chemical suit should be worn. /Hydrochloric acid/

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), splash proof goggles, and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possiblity of skin contact with mists or solutions of hydrogen chloride which have a pH equal to or greater than 3.0. /Hydrochloric acid/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 5 ppm:

(APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and cartridge(s) providing protection against the compound of concern

Sulfur monochloride appears as a yellow-red, oily, fuming liquid with a sharp odor. Contact or ingestion causes irritation or chemical burns to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Also poisonous by inhalation of vapors.

CBI; Liquid

Light-amber to yellow-red, oily liquid with a pungent, nauseating, irritating odor; [NIOSH]

LIGHT-AMBER-TO-YELLOWISH-RED OILY FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Light-amber to yellow-red, oily liquid with a pungent, nauseating, irritating odor.

Light amber to yellowish red oily liquid

Suffocating odor

Pungent, nauseating, irritating odor.

280 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

When distilled at its atmospheric boiling point, it undergoes some decomposition to the dichloride, but decomposition is avoided with distillation at about 6.7 kPa (50 mmHg).

138 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-112 °F (USCG, 1999)

245 °F (USCG, 1999)

266 °F (open cup); 245 °F (closed cup)

118.5 °C c.c.

Decomposes (NIOSH, 2024)

Sol in alc, benzene, ether, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, oils

Soluble in amyl acetate

Insoluble in water

Solubility in water: reaction

Decomposes

1.68 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.6885 at 15.5 °C/15.5 °C

Saturated liquid density= 104.599 lb/cu ft @ 70 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 1.7

1.6885 @ 15.5°C

4.66 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.7

7 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

7.0 [mmHg]

10 mm Hg at 27.5 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.90

10 [mm Hg] @27.5 °C

Stable at ambient temperature

453 °F (USCG, 1999)

453 °F (234 °C)

SULFUR CHLORIDE /WHEN HEATED IS/ ... ASSOCIATED WITH EVOLUTION OF DANGEROUS DECOMP PRODUCTS, SULFUR DIOXIDE & HYDROGEN CHLORIDE.

Decomposes on contact with water to produce heat & toxic & corrosive fumes.

Decomposition by water yielding sulfur, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate

0.978 cP

Fumes in air. Decomposed by water yields hydrogen sulfide, hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide, sulfite, hydrogen sulfide, and thiosulfate [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Very corrosive in the presence of water; reacts violently with water and strong oxidants to form toxic and corrosive gas; on contact with air, it gives off HCl. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p.874].

Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 1.8 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Halogenating Agents

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE poses a fire hazard in contact with organic matter. Can react violently with oxidizing agents to form toxic gases. Reacts violently with sodium peroxide, chromyl chloride, phosphorus trioxide. Emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides and chlorides when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1196]. Reacts exothermically with tin, antimony, antimony sulfide, arsenic sulfide, mercury oxide. A mixture with potassium is shock-sensitive and explodes violently on heating [Mellor, 1947, 10, p.642]. Reacts particularly violently with dimethyl sulfoxide [Buckley, A., J. Chem. Ed., 1965, 42, p. 674].

Reacts violently with water to produce heat & hydrogen chloride fumes. The solution is strongly acid.

Contact with peroxides, oxides of phosphorus, and some organic matter may cause fires and explosions. Contact with water ... /produces/ hydrogen chloride gas (or hydrochloric acid), which may corrode metal containers and form flammable hydrogen gas.

/The/ interaction /of disulfur dichloride/ at ambient temperature /with antimony, or antimony sulfide or arsenic sulfide/ is ... energetic. ... Interaction /with mercury oxide/ is rapid and very exothermic. ... A mixture of potassium and the liquid chloride is shock-sensitive and explodes violently on heating. ... Interaction /with tin/ is violent. ... Alkenes, terpenes, and unsaturated glycerides react exothermically, some vigorously. Ignition may occur with some organic materials.

In absence of diluent or other effective control of reaction rate, /dimethyl/ sulfoxide reacts violently or explosively with ... disulfur dichloride ...

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Peroxides, oxides of phosphorous, organics, water [Note: Decomposes violently in water to form hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and hydrogen sulfide. Corrosive to metals.]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane; lacrimation (discharge of tears); cough; eye, skin burns; pulmonary edema

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 2,500 mg/m3/4H

Hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, and unsaturated carbon cmpd interactions account for the extreme toxicity of gases from polyvinyl chloride and other chloride containing polymers.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Sulfur and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Preemployment and periodic examinations should give special emphasis to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Pulmonary function tests may be useful. /SRP: for baseline purposes/

The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to hydrogen chloride at potentially hazardous levels: 1. Initial medical examination: A complete history and physical examination: the purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the respiratory system, skin, and eyes should be stressed. -- 14" x 17" chest roentgenogram: Hydrogen chloride causes lung damage. Surveillance of the lung is indicated. -- FVC and FEV (1 sec): Hydrogen chloride is a respiratory irritant. Persons with impaired pulmonary function may be at increased risk from exposure. Periodic surveillance is indicated. 2. Periodic Medical Examination: The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis, except that an X-ray is necessary only when indicated by the results of pulmonary function testing or by signs and symptoms of respiratory disease. /Hydrochloric acid/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Sulfur monochloride vapors are corrosive and irritating to eyes, nose, and throat, inducing tearing and affecting breathing. Even 2 to 9 ppm in air are irritating to eyes.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ It is a fuming, corrosive liquid ... The vapor is irritating to the lung and mucous membrane. In contact with skin, liquid can cause chemical burns.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology (after ingestion or skin contact): 1. Corrosion of mucous membranes of mouth, throat, and esophagus, with immediate pain and dysphagia. The necrotic areas are at first grayish white but soon acquire a blackish discoloration and sometimes a shrunken or wrinkled texture; the process is described as a "coagulation necrosis." 2. Epigastric pain, which may be associated with nausea and the vomiting of mucoid and "coffee-ground" material. At times, gastric hemorrhage may be intense, and the vomitus then contains fresh blood. Profound thirst. 3. Ulceration of all membranes and tissues with which the acid comes in contact. After the ingestion of concentrated mineral acid, this corrosion may lead within a few hr or a few days to gastric perforation and peritonitis. 4. Circulatory collapse with clammy skin, weak and rapid pulse, shallow respirations, and scanty urine. Circulatory shock is often the immediate cause of death. 5. Asphyxial death due to glottic edema. 6. Late esophageal, gastric and pyloric strictures and stenoses, which may require major surgical repair, should be anticipated. Signs of obstruction commonly appear within a few weeks but may be delayed for months and even years. Permanent scars may also appear in the cornea, skin and oropharynx. 7. Uncorrected circulatory collapse of several hours' duration may lead to renal failure and ischemic lesions in the liver and heart. /Acids/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ As result of its ability to release hydrochloric acid on contact with moisture, this compound is considered to be an upper respiratory tract irritant ... Under some conditions, however, the undecomposed vapor might reach the lungs, in which case it would be more toxic than an equivalent quantity of hydrogen chloride. The above data indicate a considerably greater acute toxicity than that of hydrogen chloride.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Exposure for 1 min at a concentration of 150 ppm was fatal to mice. A concentration of 12 ppm for 15 min was tolerated by cats, but 4 times that concentration, also for 15 min, could lead to death after few days.

NIOSH has statistically estimated that 28,181 workers (2,203 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sulfur monochloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to sulfur monochloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sulfur monochloride is produced or used(SRC).

Sulfur monochloride can affect the body if it is inhaled or if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin. It can also affect the body if it is swallowed.

... IN SOME /OVEN "CURING" ATMOSPHERES SULFUR CHLORIDE/ ... HAS BEEN POURED INTO OPEN CONTAINERS & PLACED ON STEAM COILS ON FLOOR OF CURING OVEN, HAVING LITTLE OR NO VENTILATION. LEAKAGE ... CAUSES PRONOUNCED IRRITATION TO EYES & NOSE OF ANYONE WORKING IN ROOM. DISTRIBUTION & COLLECTION OF OPEN CONTAINERS INVOLVE BRIEF EXPOSURES TO RELATIVELY HIGH CONCN. MEN WHO DO THIS SOMETIMES INADVISEDLY RELY UPON HOLDING THEIR BREATH DURING PERIOD OF EXPOSURE TO HIGH VAPOR CONCN, RATHER THAN WEARING GAS MASK.

Exposure may ... occur during extraction of gold, purification of sugar juice ... processing vegetable oils, hardening of wood ...

The following list include some common operations in which exposure to sulfur monochloride may occur ... Use for production of white vulcanized oils used for coating and impregnating textiles; use as natural and synthetic rubber extenders and modifying agents in erasers, and extruded rubber goods; use with unsaturated fatty acids in production of additives to extreme pressure lubricants and cutting oils; use as a cross linking catalyst in polymer technology; use in chemical synthesis for production of intermediates for dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and war gases; use for treatment of drying oils for production of varnishes, inks, paints, and cements; use for cold vulcanizing of thin rubber articles; use as a solvent for sulfur and sulfur cmpd.

NIOSH has statistically estimated that 28,181 workers (2,203 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sulfur monochloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to sulfur monochloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where sulfur monochloride is produced or used(SRC).

Sulfur monochloride can affect the body if it is inhaled or if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin. It can also affect the body if it is swallowed.

... IN SOME /OVEN "CURING" ATMOSPHERES SULFUR CHLORIDE/ ... HAS BEEN POURED INTO OPEN CONTAINERS & PLACED ON STEAM COILS ON FLOOR OF CURING OVEN, HAVING LITTLE OR NO VENTILATION. LEAKAGE ... CAUSES PRONOUNCED IRRITATION TO EYES & NOSE OF ANYONE WORKING IN ROOM. DISTRIBUTION & COLLECTION OF OPEN CONTAINERS INVOLVE BRIEF EXPOSURES TO RELATIVELY HIGH CONCN. MEN WHO DO THIS SOMETIMES INADVISEDLY RELY UPON HOLDING THEIR BREATH DURING PERIOD OF EXPOSURE TO HIGH VAPOR CONCN, RATHER THAN WEARING GAS MASK.

Exposure may ... occur during extraction of gold, purification of sugar juice ... processing vegetable oils, hardening of wood ...

The following list include some common operations in which exposure to sulfur monochloride may occur ... Use for production of white vulcanized oils used for coating and impregnating textiles; use as natural and synthetic rubber extenders and modifying agents in erasers, and extruded rubber goods; use with unsaturated fatty acids in production of additives to extreme pressure lubricants and cutting oils; use as a cross linking catalyst in polymer technology; use in chemical synthesis for production of intermediates for dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and war gases; use for treatment of drying oils for production of varnishes, inks, paints, and cements; use for cold vulcanizing of thin rubber articles; use as a solvent for sulfur and sulfur cmpd.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Neutralize with limestone, soda ash or slaked lime. /Hydrochloric acid/

The acid should never be disposed of into the sewage system until the pH is /adjusted/ to 5.5-8.5. /Hydrochloric acid/

Principles and methods for destruction of chemical weapons: ... "Destruction of chemical weapons" means a process by which chemicals are converted in an essentially irreversible way to a form unsuitable for production of chemical weapons, and which in an irreversible manner renders munitions and other devices unusable as such. ... Each ... /nation/ shall determine how it shall destroy chemical weapons, except that the following processes may not be used: dumping in any body of water, land burial or open-pit burning. It shall destroy chemical weapons only at specifically designated and appropriately designed and equipped facilities. ... Each ... /nation/ shall ensure that its chemical weapons destruction facilities are constructed and operated in a manner to ensure the destruction of the chemical weapons; and that the destruction process can be verified under the provisions of this Convention.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Sulfur chlorides/

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Sulfur chlorides (when spilled on land) [Table#2238]

Table: Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Sulfur chlorides (when spilled in water) [Table#2239]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases /Sulfur chlorides/

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#2240]

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Sulfur chlorides/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1828; Sulfur chlorides

IMO 8.0; Sulfur monochloride

49 323 80; Sulfur chloride (mono); chloride of sulfur

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, C, N; R: 14-20-25-29-35-50; S: (1/2)-26-36/37/39-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: I