Phosphorus pentachloride

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 7.1% (11 of 156) of reports.

H300 (33.3%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (59.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (33.3%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (92.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330 (59.6%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (92.9%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 156 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 11 of 156 reports by companies.

There are 11 notifications provided by 145 of 156 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Phosphorus pentachloride is a corrosive agent. Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Phosphorus Pentachloride Exposure: Acute exposure to phosphorus pentachloride may result in irritation and burning of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Light- headedness, drowsiness, slurred speech, pupillary dilation, increased salivation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), abdominal pain, and spontaneous vomiting may occur. Stridor (high-pitched, noisy respirations), dyspnea (shortness of breath), and pulmonary edema are also common. Apathy and mental confusion may develop, with progression to coma and death.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to phosphorus pentachloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure: l. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosphorus pentachloride.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. 0btain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure: l. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosphorus pentachloride.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 30 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water.

6. 0btain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure: l. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

4. Activated charcoal is of no value.

5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Avoid breathing vapors; keep upwind. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Avoid bodily contact with the material; wear boots, protective gloves, and goggles.

If material is involved in fire then use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or dry sand. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities (i.e., spray or fog), and use water spray to absorb vapors. (EPA, 1998)

NO water. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

If material involved in fire: Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Phosphorus pentachloride, solid/

Use appropriate extinguishing agents on nearby combustible fires. Dry chemical or carbon dioxide preferred. Use water spray to knock down acid vapors.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

HCl - when spill Phosphorus pentachloride into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1806 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.9 km (0.6 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

1. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 2. COLLECT SPILLED MATERIAL IN MOST CONVENIENT & SAFE MANNER & DEPOSIT IN SEALED CONTAINERS FOR RECLAMATION OR FOR DISPOSAL IN SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL, OR 3. COVER WITH SODIUM BICARBONATE OR EQUAL MIXT OF SODA ASH & SLAKED LIME.

Use water spray to cool & disperse vapors & protect personnel.

Principles and methods for destruction of chemical weapons: ... "Destruction of chemical weapons" means a process by which chemicals are converted in an essentially irreversible way to a form unsuitable for production of chemical weapons, and which in an irreversible manner renders munitions and other devices unusable as such. ... Each ... /nation/ shall determine how it shall destroy chemical weapons, except that the following processes may not be used: dumping in any body of water, land burial or open-pit burning. It shall destroy chemical weapons only at specifically designated and appropriately designed and equipped facilities. ... Each ... /nation/ shall ensure that its chemical weapons destruction facilities are constructed and operated in a manner to ensure the destruction of the chemical weapons; and that the destruction process can be verified under the provisions of this Convention.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Main preventive measures consist in engineering control aimed at keeping airborne concn & surface contamination as low as possible & in any case not exceeding TLVs, & at preventing fire & explosion hazards. ... Eyewash fountains & emergency showers should be avail at working place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

Store in a glass bottle with a ground glass stopper and keep the bottle tightly closed. Protect against physical damage.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, alkali metals, organic compounds. Store under nitrogen.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from all other combustible and oxidizable materials, and moisture. Where possible, automatically transfer material .from/ storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

2.6 [mg/m3]

20 [mg/m3]

200 [mg/m3]

TWA 1 mg/m3

1.0 [mg/m3]

70 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

70.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other data: The vapors of phosphorus pentachloride decompose in the presence of moisture with the subsequent liberation of hydrochloric and phosphoric acids [Henderson and Haggard 1943].

70 mg/cu m

70 mg/m3

See: 10026138

0.85 [mg/m3]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

0.1 ppm as TWA.

(inhalable fraction): 1 mg/m

· When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

DOE Protective Action Criteria (PAC): Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs) for Phosphorus pentachloride: TEEL-0: 1 mg/cu m; PAC-1: 2 mg/cu m; PAC-2: 12.5 mg/cu m; PAC-3: 70 mg/cu m (TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects; PAC-1: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing other than mild transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor; PAC-2: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action; PAC-3: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects).

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phosphorus pentachloride:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Phosphorus pentachloride is a greenish-yellow crystalline solid with an irritating odor. It is decomposed by water to form hydrochloric and phosphoric acid and heat. This heat may be sufficient to ignite surrounding combustible material. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. Long term exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations can result in adverse health effects from inhalation.

Greenish-yellow crystalline solid with an irritating odor; [CAMEO]

FUMING WHITE-TO-YELLOW CRYSTALS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

White to pale-yellow, crystalline solid with a pungent, unpleasant odor.

White to pale yellow crystalline mass

Tetragonal crystals

White to pale-yellow, crystalline solid.

Pungent, unpleasant odor

320 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

159 °C (sublimes)

Sublimes

(decomposes) 298 °F (under pressure) sublimes at about 212 °F without melting (EPA, 1998)

160.5 °C /freezing point/

Melting point = 148 °C (under pressure); sublimes near 100 °C without melting

324 °F (Sublimes)

Reacts with water (NIOSH, 2024)

Hygroscopic

Sol in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride

Reacts with water; soluble in carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride

Solubility in water: reaction

3.6 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

2.114 g/cu cm at 25.15 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.6

2.1 @25 °C

7.2 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 7.2

1 mmHg at 131.9 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.01 [mmHg]

VP: 1 mm Hg at 55.5 °C (132 °F)

1.6 Pa (0.012 mm Hg) at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 55.5 °C: 133

0.012 [mm Hg] @20 °C

(132 °F): 1 mmHg

PRODUCES PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE & CHLORINE WHEN HEATED; PRODUCES PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE, PHOSPHORIC ACID, & HYDROCHLORIC ACID WHEN DECOMPOSED IN WATER

When heated to decomp ... emits highly toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

Corrosive

64.9 kJ/mol

Deliquescent; reacts with alcohols to form corresponding chloride

Fuming in moist air

Hydrolyzed by water to form phosphoric acid and hydrogen chloride. Sublimes at about 100 °C without melting.

Fumes in air, reacts violently with water to form phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid [Oldbury Chemicals year/ p.9].

Phosphorus pentachloride reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.54 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Halogenating Agents

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

CSL00078

SODIUM AZIDE + PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE

highly explosive

Explosive

User-Reported

PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE is a lightly yellow, fuming crystalline material, highly caustic, corrosive and toxic. Flammable by chemical reaction. Violent exothermic reaction with water or steam. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides and oxides of phosphorus. Explosive reaction with alkaline metals (sodium, potassium), urea. Ignites on contact with fluorine. Violent reaction with aluminum, chlorine trioxide, hydroxylamine, magnesium oxide, nitrobenzene, phosphorus(III) oxide, potassium. Carbamates form explosive products [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1360]. Reaction with the mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide causes explosion [Mellor, 1941, vol. 2, p. 281; 1940, vol. 8, p. 1013].

Hydrolyzed by water to form phosphoric acid & hydrogen chloride.

Water, magnesium oxide, chemically-active metals such as sodium & potassium, alkalis, amines (Note: Hydrolyzes in water (even in humid air) to form hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. Corrosive to metals.)

Reacts violently with water, acids, alkalies, alkali metals, alcohols, amines, organic acids.

Hydrolyzes in water (even in humid air) to form hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. Corrosive to many metals, forming flammable and explosive hydrogen gas. Attacks plastic and rubber.

Water, magnesium oxide, chemically-active metals such as sodium & potassium, alkalis, amines [Note: Hydrolyzes in water (even in humid air) to form hydrochloric acid & phosphoric acid. Corrosive to metals.]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.

Burning sensation. Shock or collapse. Abdominal pain.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; bronchitis; dermatitis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 205 mg/m3

LD50 Rabbit Dermal 660 mg/kg

Treatment for exposure to the chloro cmpds consists of removal from the source, removal of any clothing contaminated with the cmpds, and observation and treatment of any respiratory complication such as bronchospasm and pulmonary edema that may arise. Ocular splash or injury requires copious irrigation and examination with slit lamp to assess degree of injury, and ophthalmologic consultation if indicated. /Unspecified phosphorus cmpds/

Treatment of acute phosphorus exposure should consist of initial stabilization with attention to airway/respiratory distress and shock, if present. Personnel involved in treatment of poisoned victims must adhere to adequate precautions to protect themselves as well. Protective respiratory gear should be worn in circumstances where continued exposure to gas, vapors, or fumes may occur. Gown and gloves need to be worn, as rescuers or health personnel may come in contact with particles causing burns and toxicity. Treatment of burns involves application of a 2-3% soln of copper sulfate, which will cause formation of an insoluble salt, thereby preventing further absorption and damage. This treatment, however, has been questioned by some authors, due to potential toxicity with copper. Alternatively, a 2-3% silver nitrate soln has been used on the theory that silver granules precipitating on the skin will prevent absorption of the phosphorus cmpd ... /Unspecified phosphorus cmpds/

Oral exposure should be treated with gastric decontamination. Use of oils will promote absorption of phosphorus from the GI tract and should be avoided. Hypovolemia secondary to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea should be aggressively treated with crystalloid until normovolemia is restored. Close attention should be paid to hepatic and renal function. Adequate urine output should be maintained, and sequelae of liver failure such as coagulopathies and nutritional deficiency should be treated as the need arises with the appropriate measures. /Unspecified phosphorus cmpds/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All workers who will come in contact with phosphorus and its cmpds should have a comprehensive preplacement examination including a careful examination of the oral cavity. Preexisting conditions, particularly of respiratory and GI tract (liver), should be noted. /Unspecified phosphorus cmpds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...The fumes of phosphorus pentachloride cause irritation of eyes and respiratory passages and that cases of bronchitis have resulted from exposure.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology (...ingestion or skin contact): 1. Corrosion of mucous membranes of mouth, throat and esophagus, with immediate pain and dysphagia. Necrotic areas...grayish white but soon acquire a blackish discoloration (yellow in case of nitric acid) and sometimes shrunken or wrinkled texture... 2. Epigastric pain...may be associated with nausea and vomiting... At times, gastric hemorrhage may be intense, and vomitus then contains fresh blood. Profound thirst. 3. Ulceration of all membranes and tissues with which the acid comes in contact. After the ingestion of concentrated mineral acid, this corrosion may lead within a few hr or a few days to gastric perforation and peritonitis. 4. Circulatory collapse with clammy skin, weak and rapid pulse, shallow respiration, and scanty urine. Circulatory shock is often immediate cause of death. /Acids/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology.../ingestion/: 6. Late esophageal, gastric and pyloric strictures and stenoses, which may require major surgical repair, should be anticipated. Signs of obstruction commonly appear within a few weeks but may be delayed for months and even years. Permanent scars may also appear in the cornea, skin and oropharynx. 7. Uncorrected circulatory collapse of several hr...may lead to renal failure and ischemic lesions in liver and heart. /Acids/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Although it has not been reported, delayed onset of pulmonary edema may occur.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exposure at 120 to 130 ppm of phosphorus pentachloride was fatal to mice in 10 min.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Acute toxicity of phosphoryl-chloride (PC), phosphorus-trichloride (PTC), and phosphorus-pentachloride (PPC) was investigated in rats, mice, guinea-pigs, and rabbits. Rats received various doses of the compounds via stomach intubation or were exposed by inhalation. Rats were observed, weighed, and grossly examined for abnormalities. Mice, rats, and guinea-pigs inhaled various concentrations of the compounds and were observed for sex related susceptibility and adverse symptoms. Threshold concentrations for single exposures were also determined The local effects of PC, PTC, and PPC were tested on shaved skin and conjunctival sac of rabbit eye. The oral median lethal doses for PC, PTC, and PPC for rats were 380, 550, and 660 mg/kg, respectively. Clinical signs included suppression and disruption of motor coordination, drowsiness, adynamia, and occasional secretions from the eyes. Respiration rate was decreased to 50 to 80 per minute. Cyanosis and tremors occurred after 20 to 40 minutes post treatment. Lungs were bright red, liver dark brown and plethoric, and stomach distended and hemorrhagic. The median lethal concentrations for inhaled PC, PTC, and PPC for rats were 0.071, 0.22, and 0.205 mg/L, respectively. Rats displayed restlessness during the first 5 to 15 minutes, then showed depressed motor coordination, fibrillary jerking and twitching, tremor, retarded respiration, and labored breathing. Rats and guinea-pigs also showed lacrymation and clouding of cornea. Weight loss and appetite loss were observed several days post exposure. Exposure to PTC induced skin and mouth ulcers. All three species and males and females were similarly sensitive to the compounds via inhalation. PC and PTC caused thickening of skin folds and bleeding in rabbits and irreversible necrosis in the eye causing loss of vision. The threshold concentrations for a single exposure to PC, PTC, and PPC were 0.001, 0.005, and 0.008 mg/L, respectively, and according to acute action, 0.006, 0.01, and 0.4 mg/L, respectively.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In an animal study of chronic exposure to the oxychloride, trichloride and pentachloride of phosphorus, morphologic changes were demonstrated in the liver, bone, kidneys and lungs. Pathology in the respiratory passages consisted of desquamative rhinitis, tracheitis and bronchitis. After cessation of exposure for a number of months most changes reverted except those of the respiratory tract ... .

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ...Vapor and fumes are irritating to eyes and respiratory tract.

NIOSH has statistically estimated that 2,244 workers (187 of these were female) were potentially exposed to phosphorus pentachloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to phosphorus pentachloride may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where phosphorus pentachloride is produced or used(SRC).

NIOSH has statistically estimated that 2,244 workers (187 of these were female) were potentially exposed to phosphorus pentachloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to phosphorus pentachloride may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where phosphorus pentachloride is produced or used(SRC).

Principles and methods for destruction of chemical weapons: ... "Destruction of chemical weapons" means a process by which chemicals are converted in an essentially irreversible way to a form unsuitable for production of chemical weapons, and which in an irreversible manner renders munitions and other devices unusable as such. ... Each ... /nation/ shall determine how it shall destroy chemical weapons, except that the following processes may not be used: dumping in any body of water, land burial or open-pit burning. It shall destroy chemical weapons only at specifically designated and appropriately designed and equipped facilities. ... Each ... /nation/ shall ensure that its chemical weapons destruction facilities are constructed and operated in a manner to ensure the destruction of the chemical weapons; and that the destruction process can be verified under the provisions of this Convention.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Phosphorus pentachloride (when spilled in water) [Table#2986]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases. Phosphorus pentachloride

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#2987]

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1806; PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE, SOLID

IMO 8.2; PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE, SOLID

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+; R: 14-22-26-34-48/20; S: (1/2)-7/8-26-36/37/39-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II