Cobalt difluoride

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (10.4%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H351 (10.4%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 48 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Call a doctor.

EYES: Flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.

SKIN: Flush with soap and water.

INGESTION: Induce vomiting. Get medical attention. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Liquid material spills can be copiously flushed with water and channeled to a treatment system or holding tank for reclamation or proper disposal. Spills of dry material can be removed by vacuuming or wet mopping. Some spills can be removed by hosing, first with a mist of water to dampen the spilled material and then with a more forceful stream that flushes it into a holding tank or other facility for handling contaminated water. Work surfaces or contaminated clothing should never be cleaned by dry sweeping or blowing with pressurized hoses. Recovery systems used to reclaim waste metals should comply with federal, state, and local regulations. All waste materials generated in the handling of cobalt-containing substances should be disposed of in compliance with federal, state, and local regulations. /Cobalt and cobalt salts/

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Cobaltous fluoride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.) Cobalt in urine = 15 ug/L; sample at end of shift at end of workweek;

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as F[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

2.5 [mg/m3], as F

2.5 [mg/m3], as F (0.02 mg/m3 as Co)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2.5 mg/cu m. /Fluorides, as F/

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period. /Fluorides, as F/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Fluorides, as F/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: fluoride in urine; Sampling Time: prior to shift; BEI: 2 mg/L; Notation: The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration that could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value.; The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Fluorides/

For more Threshold Limit Values (TLV) (Complete) data for Cobaltous fluoride (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chronic Inhalation: 0.0001 mg/m3 (L134)

Intermediate Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (L134)

Safety glasses, polyvinyl chloride gloves, filter respirator (dust, fume, mist), chemical apron. (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Violet to red solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999)

Rose-red solid; Soluble in cold water; Decomposed by hot water; [Hawley] Red odorless powder; Soluble in water; [MSDSonline]

Rosy-red tetragonal crystals

Red tetragonal crystals

Forming a red liquid at melting point of 1100-1200 °C

Rose-red crystals or powder

For more Color/Form (Complete) data for Cobaltous fluoride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Volatilizes at about 2552.0 °F (USCG, 1999)

2192 °F (USCG, 1999)

In water, 1.4 g/100 mL at 25 °C

Readily soluble in warm mineral acids

Soluble in cold water and hydrofluoric acid

Insoluble in alcohol, ether, benzene

4.46 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

4.43 g/cu cm

Red orthorhobic crystals; density 2.22 g/cc; soluble in water /Cobalt(II) fluoride tetrahydrate/

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Hydrogen fluoride, cobalt/cobalt oxides.

Decomposes in hot water.

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Co and F-

When exposed to water it forms highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid

Forms di, tri, and tetrahydrates; all soluble in water; these aqueous solutions decompose upon boiling forming the oxyfluoride CoF.CoO.H2O

Standard enthalpy of formation: -692.0 kJ/mol

Heat of solution: -271 BTU/lb = -150.6 cal/g = -6.3X10+5 J/kg

Enthalpy of fusion: 58.1 kJ/mol at a melting pt of 1127 °C

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Cobaltous fluoride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

dielectric constant

pseudobinary system

crystal structure

dielectricity

enthalpy

electrode potential

Gibbs energy

phase equilibrium

positional coordinate

temperature-composition section

space group

molecular structure

enthalpy change

phase diagram

Mixes slowly with water.

Salts, Basic

Reducing Agents, Weak

COBALT FLUORIDE is a toxic, light brown crystalline material, when exposed to water it forms highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of metallic cobalt and fluorides [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 344].

Incompatible materials: Acids, oxidizing agents.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Cobalt fluoride forms rose-red crystals or powder. It is used as a catalyst for organic reactions, and as a fluorinating agent. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Initial symptoms from ingestion include salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea and are secondary to the local action of fluoride on the intestinal mucosa. Systemic symptoms are varied and severe: increased irritability of the central nervous system consistent with the Ca2+ binding effect of fluoride and the resulting hypocalcemia; hypotension, presumably owing to central vasomotor depression as well as direct cardiotoxicity; and stimulation and then depression of respiration. Death can result from respiratory paralysis or cardiac failure. ANIMAL STUDIES: The liver, heart and kidneys of rats given acute exposure to cobalt fluoride were examined microscopically. Hyperemia, hemorrhage and cytoplasmic changes were noted, while the kidney glomeruli were rich in cells and basal membranes were thickened. Cells of the proximal tubules were swollen and showed vacuolization and degeneration. In the hearts of some rats proliferative and edematous interstitial tissue and swollen muscle fibers were observed and focal degeneration, vacuolization and necrosis associated with disappearance of the cross striations were noted. Chronic manifestations of excess fluoride in cattle are dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis.

Cobalt is believed to exhibit its toxicity through a oxidant-based and free radical-based processes. It produces oxygen radicals and may be oxidized to ionic cobalt, causing increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inducing certain enzymes that lead to cell apoptosis. Cobalt has also been shown to block inorganic calcium channels, possibly impairing neurotransmission. Cobalt can also chelate lipoic acids, impairing oxidation of pyruvate or fatty acids. In addition, cobalt may inhibit DNA repair by interacting with zinc finger DNA repair proteins, and has also been shown to inhibit heme synthesis and glucose metabolism. Cobalt may activate specific helper T-lymphocyte cells and interact directly with immunologic proteins, such as antibodies (IgA and IgE) or Fc receptors, resulting in immunosensitization. (L29)

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Fluorides (as F)/

There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of cobalt and cobalt compounds in humans. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal powder in experimental animals. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of metal alloys containing cobalt, chromium and molybdenum in experimental animals. ... Overall Evaluation: Cobalt and cobalt compounds are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Cobalt and cobalt compounds/

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Cobalt and inorganic compounds, as Co/

Cobalt and cobalt compounds that release cobalt ions in vivo are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals and supporting data from studies on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. /Cobalt and cobalt compounds/

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Exposure to high amount of cobalt can cause heart, lung, kidney, and liver damage. Skin contact is known to result in contact dermatitis. Cobalt may also have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. (L29, L30)

Inhalation (L29) ; oral (L29) ; dermal (L29)

Cobalt inhalation can cause asthma-like breathing problems. Skin contact is known to result in contact dermatitis, which is characterized by irritation and rashes. Ingesting large amounts of cobalt may cause nausea and vomiting. (L2090)

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

LD50: 150 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

... Estimated lethal human dose of soluble fluorides was about 2.5 g. ... Ingestion of as little as 9 mg/kg has caused human deaths. /Fluorides/

LD50 Rat oral 150 mg/kg

Treatment of cobalt poisoning is symptomatic. (L29)

Immediate First Aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out as needed. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (Head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Cobalt and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W. Use 0.9 saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluids cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: Liver injury, consisting of hemorrhagic necrosis which is usually reversible. Death from shock, usually in 4-5 hr. Sometimes following apparent recovery, pneumonia with fever or secondary shock may cause death 1-3 days later. Among survivors pyloric stenosis and mild hepatic cirrhosis may be encountered as persistent sequelae, but recovery is usually complete. /Fluoride/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: Ingestion of soluble fluoride salts. Salty or soapy taste, salivation, nausea. Repeated small doses (as in drinking water) may produce no other symptoms, but polyuria and polydipsia have also been reported. Large doses lead promptly to burning or crampy abdominal pain, intense vomiting and diarrhea, often with hematemesis and melena. Dehydration and thirst. Muscle weakness, tremors and rarely transient epileptiform convulsions, preceded or followed by progressive central nervous depression (lethargy, coma and respiratory arrest, even in the absence of circulatory failure). Shock characterized by pallor, weak and thready pulse (sometimes irregular), shallow unlabored respiration, weak heart sounds, wet cold skin, cyanosis, anuria, dilated pupils, followed almost invariably by death in 2 to 4 hours. Even in the absence of shock, arrhythmias may occur, especially multiple episodes of ventricular fibrillation leading eventually to cardiac arrest. If the victim survives a few hours, paralysis of the muscles of deglutition, carpopedal spasm and painful spasms of the extremities. Occasionally localized or generalized urticaria. The above signs and symptoms are related to a variety of metabolic disorders that may occur in acute fluoride poisoning, including hypocalcemia (which may be the only invariable finding), hypomagnesemia, metabolic and/or respiratory acidosis and sometimes hyperkalemia. /Fluoride/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Initial symptoms /from ingestion include/ salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea /and/ are secondary to the local action of fluoride on the intestinal mucosa. Systemic symptoms are varied and severe: increased irritability of the central nervous system consistent with the Ca2+ binding effect of fluoride and the resulting hypocalcemia; hypotension, presumably owing to central vasomotor depression as well as direct cardiotoxicity; and stimulation and then depression of respiration. Death can result from respiratory paralysis or cardiac failure. /Fluoride salts/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... If sufficient fluoride is absorbed ... fluoride ion increases capillary permeability and also produces a coagulation defect. These actions lead to hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and hemorrhages, congestion, and edema in various organs including the brain. Clinical manifestations ... include excitability, muscle tremors, weakness, urination, defecation, salivation, emesis, sudden collapse, clonic convulsions, coma, and death due to respiratory and cardiac failure. Cyanosis and early rigor mortis ... /Fluoride/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Signs of acute systemic fluoride intoxication are increased salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, muscular fibrillation, and respiratory, cardiac, and general depression. ... /Fluorides/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The liver, heart and kidneys of rats given /acute exposure to/ cobalt(II) fluoride or oxide were examined microscopically. Hyperemia, hemorrhage and cytoplasmic changes were noted, while the kidney glomeruli were rich in cells and basal membranes were thickened. Cells of the proximal tubules were swollen and showed vacuolization and degeneration. In the hearts of some rats proliferative and edematous interstitial tissue and swollen muscle fibers were observed and focal degeneration, vacuolization and necrosis associated with disappearance of the cross striations were noted.

/VETERINARY CASE REPORTS/ Chronic manifestations of excess fluoride in cattle are ... dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis. Animals with moderate to severe osteofluorosis sometimes exhibit an intermittent, non-specific, a typical lameness or stiffness that may be associated with calcification of periarticular structures and tendon insertions. This lameness or stiffness is often transitory in nature; and limits feeding or grazing time, thereby impairing animal performance. Other general non-specific signs or symptoms sometimes associated with chronic fluoride toxicosis include thickened, dry unpliable skin and poor performance. /Fluoride/

/VETERINARY CASE REPORTS/ ... Lameness; painful, stiff gait or posture; decreased feed intake; anorexia; rough haircoat; emaciation; and decreased milk production. Bony exostoses ... teeth have ... mottling and patchy loss of dentine. ... Spontaneous fractures may occur. ... Lesions consist of hyperostosis, porosis, enlargement ... roughening. /Fluoride/

Patients with kidney dysfunction may be particularly susceptible to fluoride toxicity. /Fluoride/

Populations that appear to be at increased risk from the effects of fluoride are individuals that suffer from diabetes insipidus or some forms of renal impairment. These high risk populations represent a relatively small segment of the general populations. /Fluoride/

Cobaltous fluoride's production and use as a catalyst for organic synthesis(1,2) and alloying of metals(3), use for optical deposition to improve optical quality(3) and potential use in dental care(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Inorganic cobalt compounds are nonvolatile and released into the atmosphere in particulate form(1). Particulate-phase cobalt compounds are removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Cobalt has been detected in atmospheric deposition(2) and in rain-snow precipitation(3).

Cobaltous fluoride's production and use as a catalyst for organic synthesis(1,2) and alloying of metals(3), use for optical deposition to improve optical quality(3) and potential use in dental care(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Inorganic cobalt compounds are nonvolatile and released into the atmosphere in particulate form(1). Particulate-phase cobalt compounds are removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Cobalt has been detected in atmospheric deposition(2) and in rain-snow precipitation(3).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Corrosive