strontium nitrate

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.6% (2 of 363) of reports.

H271 (66.1%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H272 (33.1%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H302 (13.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (14.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (77.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (14.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (13.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P220, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P283, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 363 reports by companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 363 reports by companies.

There are 21 notifications provided by 361 of 363 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P220, P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Call for medical aid.

EYES: Rinse with water.

SKIN: Wash with water for 15 minutes.

INGESTION: Drink water, milk, or activated charcoal; then induce vomiting. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Small Liquid Spill

· Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

· If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material /is/ not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

8.3 [mg/m3]

91 [mg/m3]

540 [mg/m3]

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided.

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A report from the Soviet Union ... recommended a MAC for strontium nitrate of 1 mg/cu m ... presumably as strontium, on the basis of inhalation studies in several animal species.

Rubber gloves, goggles, laboratory coat. (USCG, 1999)

Strontium nitrate appears as a white crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates burning of combustible materials. May explode if large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Used in pyrotechnics, in medicine, and to make other chemicals.

Dry Powder; CBI; Large Crystals

White solid; [Merck Index] White odorless crystalline solid; [MSDSonline]

WHITE GRANULES OR POWDER

Colorless cubic crystals

1193 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

645 °C @760 [mm Hg]

1058 °F (USCG, 1999)

70.9 g/100 ml water at 18 °C, 100 g/100 ml water at 100 °C

401 G/L OF WATER @ 0 °C; 1 KG/L WATER @ 90 °C

Slightly sol in alcohol or acetone.

0.012 g/100 ml absolute alcohol

2.98 (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

2.99 g/cu-cm

2.99 @25 °C

Anhydrous material is normally stable but starts to decompose @ about 500 °C with evolution of nitrogen oxides.

When heated to decomposition it emits ... fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

AQ SOLN IS NEUTRAL

AT LOW TEMPERATURES STRONTIUM NITRATE CRYSTALLIZES WITH 4 MOLECULES OF WATER (25.4%)

STRONG OXIDIZING AGENT

Enthalpy of formation: -229.57 kcal/mole @ 298.15 K; Gibbs energy of formation: -186.93 kcal/mole @ 298.15 K (Aqueous, 1 mole solute to 1 mole solvent), and entropy of 62.2 cal/deg-mol

Colorless monoclinic crystals; mol wt 283.69; density, 2.2; mp 100 °C with loss of 4 molecules of water, bp 1100 °C (transition point to strontium oxide); 60.43 g sol in 100 ml water at 0 °C, 206.5 g sol in 100 ml water at 100 °C, sol in liq ammonia; very slightly sol in absolute alcohol, acetone; insoluble in nitric acid. /Strontium nitrate tetrahydrate/

Enthalpy of formation: -233.80 kcal/mole @ 298.15 K; Gibbs energy of formation: -186.46 kcal/mole @ 298.15 K; entropy: 46.50 cal/deg/mole @ 298.15 °C; heat capacity: 35.83 cal/deg/mole @ 298.15 K . /Crystalline/

Metals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds

Soluble in water.

Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures of a nitrate with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109]. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Yields toxic gaseous oxides of nitrogen when involved in fire.

Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)

Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137)

Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

LD50: 540 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (T14)

LD50 Mouse oral 1825.9 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 2750 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 540 mg/kg

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)

MICE TREATED IM WITH STRONTIUM NITRATE PRIOR TO INTRAGASTRIC ADMINISTRATION OF DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID AND SODIUM BICARBONATE SHOWED AN ACCELERATED URINARY EXCRETION OF THE METAL COMPARED TO CONTROLS.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

... Inorganic salts of strontium /such/ as the chloride, sulfate, carbonate ... /nitrate/ are remarkably benign. ... In large oral doses they presumably exert local osmotic effects & so tend to induce vomiting & diarrhea.

ENVIRONMENTAL NITRATE & NITRITE SALTS INGESTED IN FOODS & WATER HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN CASES OF METHEMOGLOBINEMIA. /NITRATE & NITRITE SALTS/

Acute poisoning: (From ingestion ...) Headache, flushing of skin, vomiting, dizziness, collapse, marked fall of blood pressure, cyanosis, convulsions, coma, & resp paralysis. /Nitrites & nitrates/

... Toxicity of these compounds /strontium fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, fluoroborate, acetate, lactate & salicylate/ vary with the anion.

INGESTION OF DOSES OF STRONTIUM NITRATE OF 50 MG/KG (1030 PPM) ARE WELL TOLERATED FOR 8 WK BY EITHER WEANLING OR ADULT RATS, AS EVIDENCED BY NORMAL AMT OF FOOD INTAKE, NORMAL WT GAINS, TOTAL BONE ASH, OR CALCIUM AND POTASSIUM COMPOSITION OF THE SKELETON.

GROUPS OF 3 FEMALE WISTAR RATS WERE TREATED SUBCUTANEOUSLY WITH DOSES OF 25, 50, 100 OR 200 MG/KG STRONTIUM NITRATE IN 1 ML DISTILLED WATER FROM DAYS 9 TO 19 OF PREGNANCY WHEN THEY WERE KILLED. CONTROL ANIMALS WERE GIVEN 1 ML DISTILLED WATER SC. THE PROGENY FROM TREATED MOTHER DID NOT DIFFER FROM THE CONTROLS IN SIZE OR BODY WT. THE LITTER SIZES WERE SIMILAR & THE NUMBER OF RESORPTION SITES WAS NOT INCREASED. NO HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES WERE DETECTED IN SOFT TISSUES & SKELETAL TISSUES. RESULTS SHOW THAT THE LEVELS OF STRONTIUM IN FETUSES IS UNCHANGED DESPITE A 4-FOLD INCREASE IN MATERNAL DOSE OF STRONTIUM NITRATE.

IN RATS, GUINEA PIGS & RABBITS, CHRONIC INHALATION OF STRONTIUM NITRATE CAUSED INCR SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY, DECR SERUM CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY, INCR SERUM BETA-LIPOPROTEIN LEVEL, DECR URINARY HIPPURIC ACID, INCR BLOOD & URINE CALCIUM 2+ LEVEL, & INCR URINE CHLORIDE ION. THE THRESHOLD OF CHRONIC TOXICITY OF STRONTIUM NITRATE IS 3.2 MG/CU M.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for STRONTIUM NITRATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Because of its brilliant red flame, strontium (in particular, strontium nitrate) is used in pyrotechnic devices for the military (tracer ammunition, military flares, marine distress signals) as well as non-military applications including warning devices and fireworks(1). The production and use of this strontium compound may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Because of its brilliant red flame, strontium (in particular, strontium nitrate) is used in pyrotechnic devices for the military (tracer ammunition, military flares, marine distress signals) as well as non-military applications including warning devices and fireworks(1). The production and use of this strontium compound may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 140: OXIDIZERS/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for STRONTIUM NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1507; Strontium nitrate

IMO 5.1; Strontium nitrate

49 187 54; Strontium nitrate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Oxidizer