4,4-Diaminodiphenylmethane

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H370 **: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (14.5%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H341 (100%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H370 (100%): Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373 (99.8%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (28.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411 (97.1%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 629 reports by companies from 19 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 39 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

FACILITY AND PROCESS ARE DISCUSSED FOR REMOVAL OF METHYLENEDIANILINE.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS...SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED...

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.81 [mg/m3]

5.0 [mg/m3]

100 [mg/m3]

Ca See Appendix A

0.01 [ppm], STEL(OSHA) = 0.1 ppm

10 ppb [5 ppb Action Level]

[1910.1050] TWA 0.010 ppm ST 0.100 ppm

A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

NIOSH considers 4,4'-methylenedianiline be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [N.D.]

See: IDLH INDEX

0.1 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 ppm, skin. /4,4-Methylene dianiline/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /4,4-Methylene dianiline/

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /4,4-Methylene dianiline/

0.1 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

0.1 ppm [1992]

0.08 mg/m

skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH); carcinogen category: 2.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance may cause effects on the liver. This may result in liver impairment.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the liver. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 4,4'-Methylenedianiline:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane appears as a tan flake or lump solid with a faint fishlike odor. May be toxic by inhalation or ingestion, and may be irritating to skin. Insoluble in water.

Dry Powder; Large Crystals

Pale-brown, crystalline solid with a faint, amine-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-PALE-YELLOW FLAKES WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS DARK ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

Pale-brown, crystalline solid with a faint, amine-like odor.

Crystals from water or benzene

Tan flakes, lumps, or pearly leaflets from benzene

Plates or needles (water); plates (benzene)

Light-brown crystals

Light tan to white crystalline solid

Faint, amine-like odor

748 to 750 °F at 768 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

BP: 257 °C at 18 mm Hg; 249-253 °C at 15 mm Hg; 232 °C at 9 mm Hg

at 102kPa: 398-399 °C

398 °C @760 [mm Hg]

197 to 198 °F (NTP, 1992)

91.5-92 °C

430 °F (NTP, 1992)

428 °F (220 °C) (closed cup)

220 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Slightly sol in cold water. Very sol in alcohol, benzene, ether

Solubility (g/100mL solvent at 25 °C): 273.0 in acetone; 9.0 in benzene; 0.7 in carbon tetrachloride; 9.5 in ethyl ether; 143.0 in methanol; 0.1 in water

In water, 1.00X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

1 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: poor

1.15 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.070 g/mL at 103 °C

0.5 g/cm³

1.070 @ 103°C

1.06 (Liquid at 212 °F)

6.8 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

6.8 (Air = 1)

1e-07 mmHg at 77 °F (calculated) (NTP, 1992)

0.0000002 [mmHg]

2.03X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 197 °C: 133

0.0000002 mmHg at 77 °F

(77 °F): 0.0000002 mmHg

log Kow = 1.59

Oxidizes slowly in air in a reaction catalyzed by light. Somewhat hygroscopic. Insoluble in water.

Amines, Aromatic

4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE polymerizes if heated above 257 °F. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It is also incompatible with acids. Catalyzes isocyanate-alcohol and epoxide reactions. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Strong oxidizers.

Strong oxidizers

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

After 4,4'-Methylenedianiline enters to our body, it is transported in the blood or stored in tissues. The N-N-acetylation of the compound leads to the formation of some toxic derivatives. The liver and thyroid are the targets of 4,4'-methylenedianiline in animals.

No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /4,4-Methylene dianiline/

4,4'-Methylenedianiline: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

4,4'-Methylenedianiline

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 39: (1986) Some Chemicals Used in Plastics and Elastomers

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Inhalation, oral, dermal

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Fever.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Jaundice. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes; jaundice, hepatitis; myocardial damage; In Animals: heart, liver, spleen damage; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Dermal (Skin), Hepatic (Liver)

Eyes, liver, cardiovascular system, spleen

[in animals: bladder cancer]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Primary hepatotoxins: the toxic effect to the liver is the principal adverse effect of the chemical.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

ATSDR Final

LD50 Dog oral 300 ppm

LD50 Rat oral 120-250 mg/kg

LD50 Rat intraperitoneal 193 mg/kg

LD50 Rat subcutaneous 200 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Four antioxidant species, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, ethoxyquin and alpha-tocopherol, and three other compounds, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, acetaminophen and glutathione, were tested for inhibitory effects on hepatocarcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Rats were initially given a single ip injection of diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg body weight) and fed a basal diet containing 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene from week 2 to week 8. Animals were subjected to partial hepatectomy at the end of week 3. From week 12 to week 36, they were given a basal diet containing 2% butylated hydroxyanisole, 1% butylated hydroxytoluene, 0.8% ethoxyquin, 1% alpha-tocopherol, 0.1% 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1% acetaminophen, or 1% glutathione, then killed at week 40, 4 weeks after cessation of treatment with the test chemicals. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly decreased in the groups given ethoxyquin or 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane. Quantitative analysis of the number and area of hepatocellular carcinoma per unit liver area revealed a significant decrease in the area of hepatocellular carcinoma in the groups given ethoxyquin, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane or acetaminophen. The results suggest that ethoxyquin, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and acetaminophen exerted an inhibitory effect on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, while butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, alpha-tocopherol and glutathione had no significant effect.

The modifying effects of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (0.1% in diet) administration on liver carcinogenesis induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (0.02% in diet), 3'-methyl- 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (0.06% in diet), diethylnitrosamine (0.001% in drinking water) and N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (0.1% in drinking water), N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine induced esophagus and kidney carcinogenesis, and forestomach carcinogenesis induced by butylated hydroxyanisole (1.0% in diet) were examined in F344 male rats. Mean survival time tended to be longer in 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane supplemented groups, the difference being significant in diethylnitrosamine + 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine + 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane groups. Intake of carcinogens was slightly but not significantly reduced by 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane. The incidences of hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas were significantly decreased in 2-acetylaminofluorene or 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene + 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane groups. Pulmonary metastases were also less common in 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazo benzene or N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine + 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane groups. Development of papillomas in the esophagus but not in tumors in the forestomach was also inhibited by 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane. Inhibition in the different organs was not significantly related to decrease in body weight or carcinogen intake, indicating a mechanism independent of non-specific toxic effects or reduction in food consumption. Some other factors possibly related to its ability to cause bile duct proliferation and/or altered activity of enzymes relevant to drug metabolism may be involved.

Limited data in animals showed that pretreatment of rats with the monooxygenase function inhibitor aminobenzotriazol, ameliorated the hepatic effects of 4,4'- methylenedianiline. However, pretreatment with the inhibitor SKF-525A had no effect. Based on these results, the investigators proposed that 4,4'-methylenedianiline requires metabolic activation for its toxicity and that activation is carried out by an isozyme of cytochrome P-450 that is inhibited by aminobenzotriazol, but not SKF-525A.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT REGULAR LIVER /FUNCTION/ TESTS BE PERFORMED ON WORKERS COMING IN CONTACT WITH /DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE/.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Five healthy volunteers /were exposed/ dermally for 1 hr to 0.75-2.25 umol MDA dissolved in isopropanol, by use of a patch-test technique. Determination of MDA remaining in the patch units after exposure showed that a median of 28% (range 25-29%) was absorbed. After hydrolyzing MDA has been determined in plasma with an initial peak and a decline after removing the patch. MDA was also detected in hydrolyzed urine. The maximum rate of MDA excretion in urine was found 6-11 hours after the onset of exposure. Within two subjects studied at three doses, the urinary excretion was proportional to the exposure. The elimination half-lives in plasma and urine had medians at 13 and 7 hours, respectively. In eight out of nine exposures, the elimination half-life was longer in plasma than in urine. Slow acetylation seemed to be associated with short elimination half-life in urine. The median of total MDA amount excreted in urine during 48 hours, was 33 nmol for the five subjects exposed to 0.75 umol, which corresponds to roughly 16% (range 2%-26%) of the absorbed dose.

LC50; Species: Agelaius phoeniceus (Red-winged blackbird); Concentration: 148 mg/kg bw /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Eisenia fetida (Earthworm); Concentration: 444.0 mg/kg dry weight soil for 14 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50; Species: Moina macrocopa (Daphnid); Conditions: static, nominal concentration); Concentration: 2.3 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: immobilization /extra pure/

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae); Concentration: 21 mg/L for 72 hr; Effect: growth inhibition /95.5-98% purity/ /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.40e-01

1.40e+00

6.10e-03

2.70e-02

4.70e-02

5.00e+00

2.10e-04

1.60e+00

4.60e-04

2.00e-02

Volatile

3.40e+01

1.40e+02

6.10e-01

2.70e+00

4.70e+00

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of isocyanates and polyisocyanates for preparation of polyurethane foams and in spandex fibers, as curing agent for epoxy resins and urethane elastomers, in the production of polyamides, in the determination of tungsten and sulfates, in the preparation of azo dyes, and as a corrosion inhibitor may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.03X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 12.8 hours. Particulate-phase 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is expected to have slight to no mobility based upon Koc values ranging from of 3825 to 5681. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.3X10-11 atm-cu m/mole. 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test suggests that biodegradation will not be an important environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting that biodegradation will not be an important fate process in the aquatic environment. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Measured BCF values of 3.0 to 14 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane via dermal contact with consumer products containing 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane. (SRC)

4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of isocyanates and polyisocyanates for preparation of polyurethane foams and in spandex fibers, as curing agent for epoxy resins and urethane elastomers, in the production of polyamides, in the determination of tungsten and sulfates, in the preparation of azo dyes, and as a corrosion inhibitor(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 3825 to 5681(2), indicate that 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.30X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2.03X10-7 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1.00E+3(4). 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation will not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 3825 to 5681(2), indicate that 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.30X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.03X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.00E+3(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values of 3.0 to 14(7) suggest the bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggesting that biodegradation will not be an important fate process in the aquatic environment(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, which has a vapor pressure of 2.03X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 12.8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.00X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Particulate-phase 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). Aerobic biodegradation of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane in a silt loam soil (measured as the fraction of CO2 recovered) was 2, 10, 11.2, and 11.6% after 3, 14, 28, and 56 days, respectively(2). Apparent biodegradation after 365 days in the silt loam soil was reported as 40.1%(2).

ANAEROBIC: After 71 days of incubation in anaerobic digester sludge mixed with silt loam soil, no biodegradation was observed for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 3.00X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12.8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). As a class, aromatic amines react relatively rapidly in sunlit natural water via reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and peroxy radicals(4); typical half-lives for hydroxyl radical and peroxy radical reactions are on the order of 19 to 30 sunlight hours(4). Exposure of crystalline 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane to air and light results in oxidation of the crystals(darkening in color) and the formation of polymeric amines(5,6).

BCF values ranging from 3.0 to 14 were measured for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (200 ug/L) in carp (4.5% lipid content) after a 6 week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

After an 8 hour sorption period, Koc values of 5681 and 3825 were measured for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane in sandy loam under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively(1). Koc values of 4015 and 3831 were measured in silt loam under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these measured Koc values suggest that 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil. The reaction of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane with soil humics was studied by allowing the substance to remain in contact with soil for 7 days and then measuring desorption in 1 day. The results suggested that 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane sorbed onto soil may be in a relatively facile equilibrium with the surrounding solution as shown by the similarity of distribution ratios (sorbed compound (in ug/g of soil)/concentrated in solution (in ug/mL)) for both sorption and desorption with Rdesorb/Rsorb ranging from 1.1 to 1.4(1). In this study the average ratio of aerobic/anaerobic soil sorption coefficients for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was 1.27, suggesting little difference between the behavior of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane with soil under oxidizing and reducing conditions(1). Aromatic amines have been observed to undergo rapid and reversible covalent bonding with humic materials in aqueous solution; the initial bonding reaction is followed by a slower and much less reversible reaction believed to represent the addition of the amine to quinoidal structures followed by oxidation of the product to give an amino-substituted quinone; these processes represent pathways by which aromatic amines may be converted to latent forms in the biosphere(3).

The Henry's Law constant for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is estimated as 5.3X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.03X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.00X10+3 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 15,170 workers (3,407 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane via dermal contact with consumer products containing 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane(SRC).

TWA exposures to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane at a Dow production facility ranged from 0.03 to 0.4 ppm; air concn ranged from 0.03 to 3.8 ppm, with the highest levels occurring during grinding and packaging operations(1). 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane has been detected in the air of working areas during its production at levels of 0.2 to 31 mg/cu m, its use in the manufacture of insulating materials at levels of 0.8 mg/cu m, its use in a polyurethane encapsulation operation at levels of 10 ug/cu m, and in core-making operations (using polymer binders) at iron and steel foundries at levels up to 1.6 mg/cu m(2). A survey of a 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane production facility found personal and work area air samples containing 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane levels of 5 to 74 and 13 to 651 ug/cu m, respectively(2); dermal pads from the hands of chemical operators contained 4.2 to 54 ug/sq cm(2). A survey of reinforced plastics production (which use 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane) found 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane personal and work area air samples containing 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane levels of 1 to 690 and <0.3 to 99 ug/cu m, respectively(2).

Analysis of urine samples from 27 workers involved in the production of MDA found that 14.9% of all collected samples had levels above 200 ppb in 1970, while only 0.09% of collected samples had levels above 20 ppb in 1980(1). The urine samples of seven male workers (ages 24-44 years old) at a work site where 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane is used as a curing agent showed an elimitation rate of 0 to 90 umol/hr(2). The cumulated excretion amount ranged from 0.04 to 1.2 umol per day on workdays and 0.005 to 0.51 umol daily of weekends(2). The 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane concentration in the workers' blood ranged from 10 to 60 nmol/L(2). Urine samples collected at the end of a workshift from workers exposed to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane contained average concentrations of 236 ug/g creatinine (collected from 91 workers in August 1988), 98 ug/g creatinine (collected from 87 workers in October 1988), 50 ug/g creatinine (collected from 20 workers in June 1989), 202 ug/g creatinine (collected from 107 workers in May 1990), and 43 ug/g creatinine (collected from 43 workers in June 1990)(3).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYLMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T, N; R: 45-39/23/24/25-43-48/20/21/22-68-51/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III