Thallous nitrate

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 63 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:

SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Water, carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Small Dry Spill

· With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U217, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Thallium nitrate is a poor candidate for incineration.

Chemical Treatability of Thallium Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unkown; Results of Study: GAC treatment after time precipitate yielded 84% reduction; /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: 54% reduction with lime. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic wastewater; Results of Study: 30% reduction with ferric chloride, 31% reduction with aluminum (3 coagulants used: 220 ppm of alum @ pH= 6.4. 40 ppm of ferric chloride @ pH= 6.2, 415 ppm of lime @ pH= 11.5; Chemical coagulation was followed by dual media filtration.) /Soluble thallium cmpd/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

If employees' clothing may have become contaminated with soluble thallium compounds, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. Clothing contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of soluble compounds from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the soluble thallium compounds, the person perfoming the operation should be informed of soluble thallium compounds's hazardous properties. Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be removed promptly and not reworn until the soluble thallium compound is removed from the clothing. /Soluble thallium compounds/

Skin that becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be promptly washed or showered to remove any soluble thallium compounds. Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where soluble thallium compound is handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle soluble thallium compounds should wash their hands thoroughly before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Soluble thallium compounds/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 141 [Oxidizers - Toxic]:

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.078 [mg/m3]

4.3 [mg/m3]

26 [mg/m3]

0.1 [mg/m3], as Tl

15 mg Tl/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

15.0 [mg/m3], as Tl (soluble compounds)

15 mg/cu m (as Tl). /Thallium (soluble cmpds, as Tl)/

0.02 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as Tl (Tl and soluble cmpnds)

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.1 mg/cu m, skin. /Thallium and soluble cmpds, as Tl/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Thallium and soluble cmpds, as Tl/

Small Fire

· Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with water from a distance.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Respirator selection: 0.5 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator, if not present as a fume. 1 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators, if not present as a fume/Any supplied-air respirator. 2.5 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter, if not present as a fume. 5 mg/cu m: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. 15 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode/Any supplied-air respirator that has a full face piece and is operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Thallium (soluble cmpds, as Tl/

Thallium nitrate appears as a colorless crystalline solid melting at 206 °C. Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals.

Odorless, white crystals; [HSDB]

WHITE CRYSTALS

Cubic crystals (alpha isomer), trigonal (beta isomer), rhombic (gamma isomer)

Odorless

806 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

450 °C decomposes

403 °F (NTP, 1992)

Alpha isomer: 206 °C: Beta isomer: transition point at 145 °C to alpha form; Gamma: transition point at 75 °C to beta form.

Alpha isomer: 9.55 g Sol in 100 cc cold water at 20 °C, 4.13 g/100 cc hot water at 100 °C, insol in alc, sol in acetone. Gamma isomer: 3.91 g Sol in 100 cc cold water at 0 °C, 414 g/100 cc hot water at 100 °C, insol in alc, sol in acetone.

5.556 at 69.8 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

5.556 @ 21 °C/4 °C

5.55 @25 °C

When heated to decomp ... emits toxic fumes of /thallium and nitrogen oxides/.

STRONG OXIDIZING AGENT

Heat of fusion 2290 cal/g mole; 8.6 cal/g

206 °C (solidifies to a glass-like solid)

Exists in two oxidation states, /thallous/ (Tl(I)) and /thallic/ (Tl(III)). /Thallium/

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for THALLOUS NITRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Metals -> Metals, Inorganic Compounds

Pesticide -> EPA IRIS

Water soluble.

Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic

Strong Oxidizing Agent

THALLIUM NITRATE is an oxidizing agent. May start a fire when in contact with organic materials. Mixtures with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick, 1979 p. 108-109].

Thallium nitrate

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on the lack of carcinogenicity data in animals and humans. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Thallium (I) Nitrate

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

Studies have been made of the effect of inhibitors of energy metabolism on maintenance of Na and K concentrations, as well as on accumulation of Rb (as an analogue of K) in single neurones of the mollusk Planorbarius corneus. Monovalent thallium which is capable of inhibiting the respiratory chain and destroying mitochondrial structure, significantly inhibited Rb accumulation in the neurones. The decrease in accumulation of Rb by monoiodoacetate and thallium nitrate was less significant as compared with that produced by a specific blocker of Na/K-pump, ouabain.

The following medical procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to ... thallium /and thallium/ compounds at potentially hazardous levels: Initial Medical Examination: A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the eyes, nervous system, lung, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and body hair should be stressed. Urinalysis: Since kidney damage has been observed in humans exposed to thallium, a urinalysis should be obtained to include at a minimum specific gravity, albumin, glucose, and a microscopic /examination/ on centrifuged sediment. Periodic Medical Examination: These medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis. /Thallium and thallium compounds/

A CASE IS DESCRIBED OF SEVERE POISONING WITH THALLIUM NITRATE IN AN ATTEMPT AT SUICIDE, ACCOMPANIED BY TEMPORARY LESION OF THE KIDNEYS & LIVER & TEMPORARY TOXIC NEUROPATHY OF OCULAR NERVE WITH SUBSEQUENT POLYNEUROPATHY LASTING OVER 1 1/2 YR AFTER THE POISONING. THE LIVER LESION OCCURRED DURING THE COURSE OF THE ILLNESS. IT WAS MANIFESTED BY HEPATOMEGALY & AN INCREASE IN GOT & GPT VALUES. THE PATIENT EXCRETED IN THE URINE 494.512 MG OF THALLIUM OVER A 15 WK COURSE OF TREATMENT. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT'S HAIR DURING THE COURSE OF THE FIRST WK OF POISONING DEMONSTRATED DEPOSITION OF MELANIN PIGMENT IN THE ROOTS, WHICH DECREASED DURING THE COURSE OF TREATMENT. THIS SIMPLE, ORIENTATIONAL STUDY CAN SERVE TO SUPPLEMENT THE DIAGNOSIS OF THALLIUM POISONING.

Thallium is a skin sensitizer and cumulative poison which is toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. /Soluble thallium compounds/

MONOVALENT THALLIUM SALTS ARE MORE CLOSELY RELATED, CHEMICALLY & TOXICOLOGICALLY, TO DIVALENT LEAD, ALTHOUGH ACUTE TOXICITY OF THALLIUM CMPD IS MUCH HIGHER. /MONOVALENT THALLIUM SALTS/

7.80e-01

1.20e+01

2.00e-01

5.00e+00

Volatile

2.30e+00

3.50e+01

6.00e-01

7.80e-01

1.20e+01

2.00e-01

5.00e+00

Volatile

2.30e+00

3.50e+01

6.00e-01

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U217, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Thallium nitrate is a poor candidate for incineration.

Chemical Treatability of Thallium Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unkown; Results of Study: GAC treatment after time precipitate yielded 84% reduction; /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: 54% reduction with lime. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic wastewater; Results of Study: 30% reduction with ferric chloride, 31% reduction with aluminum (3 coagulants used: 220 ppm of alum @ pH= 6.4. 40 ppm of ferric chloride @ pH= 6.2, 415 ppm of lime @ pH= 11.5; Chemical coagulation was followed by dual media filtration.) /Soluble thallium cmpd/

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some may burn rapidly. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Health: Toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dust is toxic. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 141: OXIDIZERS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for THALLOUS NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2727; Thallium nitrate

IMO 6.1; Thallium nitrate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Oxidizer