acrylicacid-2-ethylhexylester

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 3581) of reports.

H315 (> 99.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (> 99.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H335 (99.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H412 (16.2%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3581 reports by companies from 48 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 3581 reports by companies.

There are 47 notifications provided by 3580 of 3581 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, and P362+P364 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. Use water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Water or foam may cause frothing. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

Containers may explode in fire.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate: Biological treatment.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Awareness of the dangers and of good engineering design are essential to safety. Employees should be instructed about the necessity of cleansing the skin if it is contaminated by materials which are irritant or skin-absorbed. With careful design, however, and complete enclosure of those processes where toxic chemicals or intermediates occur, dangerous exposures can be avoided. /Acrylic acid & derivatives/

Separated from strong oxidants. Cool. Keep in the dark. Store only if stabilized.

Materials which are toxic as stored or which can decompose into toxic components ...should be stored in a cool well-ventilated place, out of the direct rays of the sun, away from areas of high fire hazard, and should be periodically inspected. Incompatible materials should be isolated... .

Separate from heat, oxidizers, and sunlight. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

The effectiveness of phenolic inhibitors is dependent on the presence of oxygen and the monomers must be stored under air rather than an inert atmosphere. Temp must be kept low to minimize formation of peroxides and other products. Moisture may cause rust-initiated polymerization. /Acrylic acid & derivatives/

This product should be stored in a closed ocntainer, away from direct sunlight, at ambient temperatures. Storage of this product at elevated temperatures (>30 °C or >85 °F) reduces the shelf-life. ...An air space is required above the liquid in all containers; avoid storage under an oxygen-free atmosphere. ...Materials recommended for packaging include: stainless steel, mild steel, aluminum, glass, /high density polyethylene, polypropylene or polytetrafluoroethylene/. /Formulation >99% 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/

5.0 [ppm]

38 [mg/m3]

190 [mg/m3]

1100 [mg/m3]

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

Self-contained breathing apparatus; rubber gloves; vapor- proof chemical safety goggles; impervious apron and boots. (USCG, 1999)

Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus.

Suitable protective clothing and self-contained respiratory protective apparatus should be available for use of those who may have to rescue persons overcome by fumes. /acrylic acid & derivatives/

... Gloves and protective clothing and shoes or boots should be used in addition to eye (or full face) protective equipment. /Acrylic acid & derivatives/

NO open flames. Above 82 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

2-ethylhexyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Flash point 180 °F. Used in making of paints and plastics.

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor; [HSDB] Pale yellow liquid with a pleasant odor; [NTP]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Clear liquid with a pleasant odor.

Colorless liquid

Pleasant

417 to 424 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

214-218 °C

Boiling point: 130 °C @ 50 mm Hg; conversion factor: 1 ppm = 7.52 mg/cu cm

213.5 °C

417-424 °F

-130 °F (NTP, 1992)

180 °F (NTP, 1992)

180 °F (82 °C) (open cup)

86 °C (closed cup)

82 °C o.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

100 mg/l @ 25 °C

Solubility in water: none

0.885 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.880 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.89

0.8869 @ 20°C

6.35 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

6.35 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.35

0.01 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.17 [mmHg]

0.178 mm Hg @ 25 °C /Extrapolated/

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 19

0.01 mmHg

1 [mm Hg] @50 °C

log Kow = 4.09 /Estimated/

Henry's Law constant: 0.000432 atm-cu m/mol @ 25 °C /Estimated/

The typical shelf-life for this product is 12 months. /Formulation >99% 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/

496 °F (USCG, 1999)

485 °F (252 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Polymerizes when exposed to heat. Peroxides or other initiators may cause polymerization.

0.02 mg/L

Insoluble in water.

Acrylates and Acrylic Acids

Polymerizable Compounds

Polymerizable

2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE polymerizes readily in the presence of heat and light generating much heat; reacts with strong oxidants. REF [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980. p. 235].

Material will react with strong acids and alkalies.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ethylhexyl acrylate. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ethylhexyl acrylate. Overall evaluation: Ethylhexyl acrylate is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 60: (1994) Some Industrial Chemicals

Volume 122: (2019) Isobutyl Nitrite, β-Picoline, and Some Acrylates

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

LCLo (mouse) = 600 mg/m3

LD50 Rat oral 6500 uL/kg

LD50 Rat ip 1670 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 4400 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 1326 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate causes dermatitis, but effective dermal protection is provided by gloves.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Data from a total of 275 patients with histories of methacrylate exposure tested with the series between 1985 and 1995 were examined. An allergic reaction to at least one methacrylate in the series was seen in 17.5% of the patients. The compounds most commonly induced an allergic patch reaction were 2-hydroxyethyl-acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl-methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate. No reactions to 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate, 2,2-bis(4-(methacryloxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane-triacrylate, oligotriacrylate-480, N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, or ethyl-cyanoacrylate were seen in any of the patients. These data showed large variations from those obtained in animal sensitization studies.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ No allergic responses were recorded for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate /in a study reviewing 10 yr of patch testing data./

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Among 13,833 patients suspected of contact dermatitis examined during the years 1978-1999, occupational contact allergy to (meth)acrylates was diagnosed in 31 patients. .../2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (test concentration: 0.5% in petrolatum) was not listed as an important occupational contact allergen./

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester has been tested externally on the eyes of rabbits and ...rated 1 on scale of 1 to 10 according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hr. The most severely injurious substances have been rated 10.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Contact sensitivity was produced in guinea pigs with mono-, di-, and tri- acrylate compounds. /Mono-, di-, and tri- acrylate compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 500 mg/24 hr caused mild irritation to rabbit eye.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Skin sensitization and primary irritant effects of versatic-9-11-acid and its monoglycidyl and vinyl esters were studied in laboratory animals. For comparison, two esters of acrylic-acid, butyl-acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate were also tested. Guinea-pigs were treated with injection or application of the solutions on 3 days of 3 successive weeks. After 10 days of no treatment, animals received challenge doses and were examined at 1, 24, and 48 hours for signs of sensitization reaction, including intense redness, wheals, or both. Albino-rabbits, albino-guinea-pigs, hairless-mice, and albino-rats were exposed to solutions either inside an impermeable covering or treated with free access to the atmosphere to assess dermatitis due to primary irritant effects. Versatic-9-11-acid and its monoglycidyl ester produced no signs of sensitization reaction, while both acrylates and the vinyl ester produced some signs of sensitization, including intense redness and edema. For rabbits, the acrylates were more irritating than the versatic derivatives, although the vinyl ester caused considerable irritation which was more persistent than that caused by the acrylates. Results with guinea-pigs were similar to those for rabbits. Signs of irritation were seen on mice with butyl-acrylate and the vinyl ester, but not with the other materials. Rats showed some irritation with the use of the two acrylates and the vinyl ester.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate was tested for mutagenic activity at the thymidine kinase (TK) locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells with and without metabolic activation provided by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. The test article was administered at concentrations ranging from 1.95 to 60.0 nl/ml in the absence of activation, and from 7.8 to 150 nl/ml in the presence of activation. In the presence of S9, the mutation frequency was increased at the 70 and 150 nl/ml dose levels (2.2 to 4.6 times greater than controls), while an increase in mutation frequency at 15.6 nl/ml in the absence of S9 was not reproducible. The cytotoxicity of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, as indicated by the relative growth parameter, ranged from 68% at 70 nl/ml to 8% at 150 nl/ml in the activated trials.

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae; cell multiplication inhibition) 44 mg/L/72 hr

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae; cell multiplication inhibition) 47 mg/L/96 hr

LC50 Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) 72 mg/L/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Leuciscus idus melanotus (Carp) 23 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Carassius auratus (Goldfish) 200 mg/L/72 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's production and use in the manufacture of plastics, protective coatings, papers treatments, and water-based paints may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.178 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-ethylhexyl acrylate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-ethylhexyl acrylate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hours. The half-life for the reaction of vapor-phase 2-ethylhexyl acrylate with ozone is estimated to be 6.5 days. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since it does not contain functional groups that are expected to absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm. If released to soil, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 430. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.000432 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate was found to biodegrade 51 to >90% in biodegradation screening tests. Data regarding the biodegradation of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in either soil or aquatic systems were not available. If released into water, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 280 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment. Hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate only at alkaline pHs, based on hydrolysis data for an analogous compound, ethyl acrylate. The base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant for ethyl acrylate, was reported as 0.078 L/mol-s, which corresponds to half-lives of 3 years, 103 and 10 days at pH 7, 8, and 9, respectively. Occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is produced or used. Monitoring data are limited. The general population may be exposed to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate via inhalation of ambient air containing 2-ethylhexyl acrylate from products such as commercial furniture coatings. (SRC)

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's production and use in the manufacture of plastics, protective coatings, papers treatments, and water-based paints(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae; cell multiplication inhibition) 44 mg/L/72 hr

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae; cell multiplication inhibition) 47 mg/L/96 hr

LC50 Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) 72 mg/L/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Leuciscus idus melanotus (Carp) 23 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Carassius auratus (Goldfish) 200 mg/L/72 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's production and use in the manufacture of plastics, protective coatings, papers treatments, and water-based paints may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.178 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-ethylhexyl acrylate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-ethylhexyl acrylate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hours. The half-life for the reaction of vapor-phase 2-ethylhexyl acrylate with ozone is estimated to be 6.5 days. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since it does not contain functional groups that are expected to absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm. If released to soil, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 430. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.000432 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate was found to biodegrade 51 to >90% in biodegradation screening tests. Data regarding the biodegradation of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in either soil or aquatic systems were not available. If released into water, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 280 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment. Hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate only at alkaline pHs, based on hydrolysis data for an analogous compound, ethyl acrylate. The base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant for ethyl acrylate, was reported as 0.078 L/mol-s, which corresponds to half-lives of 3 years, 103 and 10 days at pH 7, 8, and 9, respectively. Occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is produced or used. Monitoring data are limited. The general population may be exposed to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate via inhalation of ambient air containing 2-ethylhexyl acrylate from products such as commercial furniture coatings. (SRC)

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's production and use in the manufacture of plastics, protective coatings, papers treatments, and water-based paints(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 430(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.000432 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.178 mm Hg(3) and water solubility, 100 mg/L(4). 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not found; however, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was found to biodegrade 51 to >90% in biodegradation screening tests(4,5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 430(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.000432 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.178 mm Hg(4) and water solubility, 100 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 280(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.09(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment(SRP). No hydrolysis data are available for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; however, hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate but only at alkaline pHs(SRC). The base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant for an analogous compound, ethyl acrylate, is reported to be 0.078 L/mol-s(9), which corresponds to half-lives of 3 years, 103 and 10 days at pH 7, 8, and 9, respectively(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not found; however, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was found to biodegrade 51 to >90% in biodegradation screening tests(5,10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.178 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate with ozone has been estimated as 1.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4). 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since it does not contain functional groups that are expected to absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm(SRC).

In a 2-week biodegradation screening test (MITI test) using 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (100 mg/l) and an activated sludge inoculum (30 mg/l), 51% of BOD (on an upward trend) was removed(1). Using an OECD screening test, a DOC degradation of >90% was reported for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and >60% degradation using a Sapromat, classifying the compound as readily biodegradable(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 19 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate with ozone has been estimated as 1.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). No hydrolysis data are available for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; however, hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate only at alkaline pHs(SRC). The base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant for an analogous compound, ethyl acrylate, is reported to be 0.078 L/mol-s(3), which corresponds to half-lives of 3 years, 103 and 10 days at pH 7, 8, and 9, respectively(SRC). 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, since it does not contain functional groups that are expected to absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 430 was calculated for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.09(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not altered biologically or chemically once released into the environment(SRP).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate can be estimated to be 430(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is 0.000432 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.178 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate was detected at concn ranging from 0.6-11 ppb, 4 ppb mean concn, in the effluent from the last stage of an on-site waste treatment facility which received wastewater from a large petrochemical plant(1). The influent untreated wastewater contained 0.55-5.6 ppm, 2.0 ppm mean concn, of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate(1). 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate was identified in 9 occurrences in an air chamber under dynamic conditions used to test emissions of volatile organic compounds from different furniture coatings(2). A total of 44 furniture samples manufactured under industrial conditions with different coatings were tested(2). Samples 1-17 were placed in the chamber immediately after production and monitored for 30-40 days(2). Samples 18-44 were preconditioned after production for 19 days in a special climate room with an air exchange of 0.5-1.0 1/hr(2).

Mean time weighted average (TWA) 2-ethylhexyl acrylate concn of <1-2 ppb were detected in the breathing zone of workers near 2 polymerization reactors and a loading dock in a polystyrene production plant(1). The chemical was not detected in the breathing zone of workers near 2 other polymerization reactors(1). The individual TWA concn detected in the breathing zone of workers ranged from <1 ppb to 5 ppb(1). A TWA concn of 161 ppb was detected in the general area atmosphere of one of the reactors(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 11,277 workers (2,341 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is produced or used(SRC). The most probable route of human exposure to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is by inhalation of contaminated air especially at workplaces where 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is manufactured and used(2) Monitoring data are limited(SRC). The general population may be exposed to 2-ethylhexyl acrylate via inhalation of ambient air(SRC) containing 2-ethylhexyl acrylate from products such as commercial furniture coatings(3).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate: Biological treatment.

Symbol: Xi; R: 37/38-43; S: (2)-36/37-46; Note: D