N-ethylaniline

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (99.7%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 297 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use appropriate foam to blanket release and suppress vapors. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs, strong oxidants and strong acids. See Chemical Dangers. Ventilation along the floor.

Store away from heat, oxidizing materials, and sunlight in a dry, well-ventiliated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred.

KEEP WELL CLOSED & PROTECTED FROM LIGHT.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Wear special protecive clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

NO open flames. NO contact with nitric acid. Above 85 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

N-ethylaniline appears as a dark liquid with an aromatic odor. Insoluble in water. Density 0.963 g / cm3. Toxic by skin absorption and inhalation of vapors. Evolves toxic fumes during combustion. Flash point 185 °F.

Clear to straw-colored liquid with an aniline-like odor (pleasant, medicinal); darkens to a brown color after exposure to light and air; [CHEMINFO]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT AND AIR.

Colorless liquid

CLEAR TO STRAW-COLORED, YELLOW-BROWN OIL

Aniline-like odor

400.5 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

204.5 °C

-82.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

-63.5 °C

185 °F (NTP, 1992)

185 °F (85 °C) (OPEN CUP)

85 °C o.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Insol in water; miscible with alcohol, ether, and many other organic solvents

Very sol in acetone; sol in organic solvents

In water, 2.41X10+3 mg/l @ 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.24

0.958 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9625 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.96

4.18 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.2 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.2

1 mmHg at 101.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.2 [mmHg]

0.204 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.4

log Kow= 2.16

... RAPIDLY BECOMES BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT & AIR.

Decomposes on contact with air or light.

When heated to decomposition ... it emits highly toxic fumes of aniline and nitroxides.

1.716X10-2 Pa.s

6.57X10+7 J/kmol @ 209.65 K

4.579X10-2 N.m @ 209.65 K

Very refractive; Index of refraction: 1.5559 @ 20 °C/D

pKa= 5.12 at 25 °C (conjugate acid)

SOLIDIFIES BELOW 80 °C

Boiling point

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Unstable to prolonged exposure to air and/or light. Insoluble in water.

Amines, Aromatic

N-ETHYLANILINE may react violently with nitric acid. May react with strong oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992). Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

N-ethylaniline is hypergolic with red fuming nitric acid.

... Can react with oxidizing materials.

... On contact with acid or acid fumes it emits highly toxic fumes of aniline and nitroxides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Pain. See Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Weakness. See Inhalation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

LD50 Rat oral is 1.1 g/kg

LD50 Rat oral 334 mg/kg

LD50 Rat skin 4700 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 180 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 242 mg/kg

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation... . /Aniline and related compounds/

EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE CAUSES RESP PARALYSIS.

HIGHLY TOXIC ON ABSORPTION THROUGH SKIN, BY INHALATION OR INGESTION.

ORAL LD50 VALUES IN RATS & MICE WERE 290 & 500 MG/KG. ADMIN AT 1/2 LD50 CAUSED NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIA & INCREASED BY 50-60% BLOOD METHEMOGLOBIN CONTENT IN RATS. AFTER CHRONIC ADMIN AT 5% OF LD50 VALUE, A DECR IN HEMOGLOBIN & ERYTHROCYTES, & AN INCR IN METHEMOGLOBIN & LEUKOCYTES WERE OBSERVED.

IN MIXED RUMEN PROTOZOA & TETRAHYMENA IT WAS SHOWN THAT PROTOZOAL DISRUPTION WAS NOT SOLELY ASSOC WITH INDOLE & ITS DERIV & THAT SLIGHT WATER SOLUBILITY, STRONG LIPOID SOLUBILITY, & THE ABSENCE OF STRONG POLAR GROUPS WERE REQUISITES FOR ACTIVITY. N-ETHYL ANILINE WAS VERY ACTIVE DISRUPTIVE AGENT.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

N-Ethylaniline's production and use in the manufacturing of dyes and stabilizers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.204 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that N-ethylaniline will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N-ethylaniline will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.5 hrs. If released to soil, N-ethylaniline is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 120. However, aromatic amines (including anilines) bind to humic material found in soil in two phases which could decrease movement in soil. Also, a pKa value of 5.09 suggests that N-ethylaniline will exist partially in the protonated form in moist soils and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline is expected to bind strongly to soil surfaces. Volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, N-ethylaniline is not expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 hrs and 22 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces may be attenuated by adsorption to humic material in the water column. The protonated form of N-ethylaniline does not volatilize from water. A BCF ranging from 3-13 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to N-ethylaniline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where N-ethylaniline is produced or used. (SRC)

N-Ethylaniline's production and use in the manufacturing of dyes and stabilizers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that N-ethylaniline is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, aromatic amines (including anilines) bind to humic material found in soil in two phases(3). Initially, a rapid, reversible equilibrium is established, which may represent formation of imine linkages with the humic carbonyls(3). Subsequently, there is a slow reaction that is not readily reversed(3). Also, a pKa value of 5.09(4) suggests that N-ethylaniline will exist partially in the protonated form in moist soils and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline is expected to bind strongly to soil surfaces. Volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). The few biodegradation studies that have been located have conflicting results concerning the extent of biodegradation. N-ethylaniline has acheived 0-64% of its theoretical BOD in biodegradation studies(6,7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that N-ethylaniline is not expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids in water(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 hrs and 22 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces may be attenuated by adsorption to humic material in the water column(5). Initially, a rapid, reversible equilibrium is established, which may represent formation of imine linkages with the humic carbonyls(5). Subsequently, there is a slow reaction that is not readily reversed(5). A pKa value of 5.12(6), suggests that N-ethylaniline will exist partially in the protonated form in aqueous environments and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline does not volatilize from water. According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF ranging from 3 to 13 (8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. There is not enough experimental data to determine the biodegradation potential of N-ethylaniline. The few studies that have been located have conflicting results concerning the extent of biodegradation(SRC). N-Ethylaniline has acheived 0-64% of its theoretical BOD in biodegradation studies(8,9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), N-ethylaniline, which has a vapor pressure of 0.204 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N-ethylaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.5 hrs(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constant of 5.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C determined using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: N-Ethylaniline, present at 100 mg/l, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(1). N-Ethylaniline was introduced into a sand-filtration system in which the reduction of organic chemicals was primarily through microbial decomposition(2). In two water treatment plants using slow sand-filtration techniques, N-ethylaniline was detected at greater than 10 ng/l in the effluent (initial concn not specified)(2). It was not clear the percent (if any) of biodegradation that occurred in this study(2). In a study of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) over 5 days, N-ethylaniline reached 64% of its chemical oxygen demand (COD) while in a BOD test over 30 days, N-ethylaniline reached 70% of its COD(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of N-ethylanaline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.5 hrs at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). N-Ethylaniline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). In general, anilines absorb light in the environmental UV spectrum(>290 nm)(3). Based on this, N-ethylaniline is expected to absorb light and may potentially undergo direct photolysis(SRC).

The BCF for N-ethylaniline ranges from 3-13(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

A pKa value of 5.12(1) suggests that N-ethylaniline will exist partially in the protonated form in moist soils and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline is expected to bind strongly to soil surfaces(SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(2), the Koc for N-ethylaniline can be estimated to be 120(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that N-ethylaniline is expected to have high mobility in soil. However, primary and secondary amines (including anilines) bind to humic material found in soil in two phases(4). Initially, a rapid, reversible equilibrium is established, which may represent formation of imine linkages with the humic carbonyls(4). Subsequently, there is a slow reaction that is not readily reversed(4).

The Henry's Law constant for N-ethylaniline is estimated as 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that the neutral species of N-ethylaniline is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 41 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 22 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces may be attenuated by adsorption to humic material in the water column(3). Initially, a rapid, reversible equilibrium is established, which may represent formation of imine linkages with the humic carbonyls(3). Subsequently, there is a slow reaction that is not readily reversed(3). N-Ethylaniline's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). N-Ethylaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.204 mm Hg(4). A pKa value of 5.12(5), suggests that N-ethylanilne will exist partially in the protonated form in aqueous environments and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline does not volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: In 1989, water samples were collected from the Rhine River at several locations in the Netherlands delta(1). Samples were taken near the German border at Lobith (03/17/89 and 09/15/89), downstream of Rotterdam harbor at Maasslius (05/26/89 and 09/22/89), along the main stream at Werkendam (29/09/89), in the semi-stagnant branch at Haringvliet (05/19/89) and in the outlet of the Ijssel at Kampen (04/21/89)(1). N-Ethylaniline was detected only at Werkendam at 0.024 ug/l(1). In another study of Rhine River water, N-ethylaniline and o-chloroaniline were quantified together near Brakel, Netherlands at an avg concn of 0.8 ug/l and max of 11.7 ug/l(2).

Effluent from 3 New Jersey publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) was analyzed for the presence of pollutants(1). These POTWs were sampled for 1 year with POTW-A located in a rural area with no known industrial contributor, POTW-B located in an industrial area with intake water having 27% industrial (consisting of pharmaceutical, yeast, paper processing and chemical manufacturing) contribution and POTW-C located in another industrial area with 18% industrial (mostly textile and dye manufacturers) contribution to intake water(1). N-Ethylaniline was only detected in effluent water from POTW-C at 12 ppb(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1974) has statistically estimated that 495 workers are potentially exposed to N-ethylaniline in the US(1). Occupational exposure to N-ethylaniline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where N-ethylaniline is produced or used(SRC).

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

N-Ethylaniline's production and use in the manufacturing of dyes and stabilizers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.204 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that N-ethylaniline will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N-ethylaniline will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.5 hrs. If released to soil, N-ethylaniline is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 120. However, aromatic amines (including anilines) bind to humic material found in soil in two phases which could decrease movement in soil. Also, a pKa value of 5.09 suggests that N-ethylaniline will exist partially in the protonated form in moist soils and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline is expected to bind strongly to soil surfaces. Volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, N-ethylaniline is not expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 hrs and 22 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces may be attenuated by adsorption to humic material in the water column. The protonated form of N-ethylaniline does not volatilize from water. A BCF ranging from 3-13 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to N-ethylaniline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where N-ethylaniline is produced or used. (SRC)

N-Ethylaniline's production and use in the manufacturing of dyes and stabilizers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that N-ethylaniline is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). However, aromatic amines (including anilines) bind to humic material found in soil in two phases(3). Initially, a rapid, reversible equilibrium is established, which may represent formation of imine linkages with the humic carbonyls(3). Subsequently, there is a slow reaction that is not readily reversed(3). Also, a pKa value of 5.09(4) suggests that N-ethylaniline will exist partially in the protonated form in moist soils and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline is expected to bind strongly to soil surfaces. Volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). The few biodegradation studies that have been located have conflicting results concerning the extent of biodegradation. N-ethylaniline has acheived 0-64% of its theoretical BOD in biodegradation studies(6,7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that N-ethylaniline is not expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids in water(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 41 hrs and 22 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces may be attenuated by adsorption to humic material in the water column(5). Initially, a rapid, reversible equilibrium is established, which may represent formation of imine linkages with the humic carbonyls(5). Subsequently, there is a slow reaction that is not readily reversed(5). A pKa value of 5.12(6), suggests that N-ethylaniline will exist partially in the protonated form in aqueous environments and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline does not volatilize from water. According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF ranging from 3 to 13 (8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. There is not enough experimental data to determine the biodegradation potential of N-ethylaniline. The few studies that have been located have conflicting results concerning the extent of biodegradation(SRC). N-Ethylaniline has acheived 0-64% of its theoretical BOD in biodegradation studies(8,9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), N-ethylaniline, which has a vapor pressure of 0.204 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N-ethylaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.5 hrs(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constant of 5.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C determined using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: N-Ethylaniline, present at 100 mg/l, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(1). N-Ethylaniline was introduced into a sand-filtration system in which the reduction of organic chemicals was primarily through microbial decomposition(2). In two water treatment plants using slow sand-filtration techniques, N-ethylaniline was detected at greater than 10 ng/l in the effluent (initial concn not specified)(2). It was not clear the percent (if any) of biodegradation that occurred in this study(2). In a study of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) over 5 days, N-ethylaniline reached 64% of its chemical oxygen demand (COD) while in a BOD test over 30 days, N-ethylaniline reached 70% of its COD(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of N-ethylanaline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.5 hrs at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). N-Ethylaniline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). In general, anilines absorb light in the environmental UV spectrum(>290 nm)(3). Based on this, N-ethylaniline is expected to absorb light and may potentially undergo direct photolysis(SRC).

The BCF for N-ethylaniline ranges from 3-13(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

A pKa value of 5.12(1) suggests that N-ethylaniline will exist partially in the protonated form in moist soils and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline is expected to bind strongly to soil surfaces(SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(2), the Koc for N-ethylaniline can be estimated to be 120(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that N-ethylaniline is expected to have high mobility in soil. However, primary and secondary amines (including anilines) bind to humic material found in soil in two phases(4). Initially, a rapid, reversible equilibrium is established, which may represent formation of imine linkages with the humic carbonyls(4). Subsequently, there is a slow reaction that is not readily reversed(4).

The Henry's Law constant for N-ethylaniline is estimated as 1.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that the neutral species of N-ethylaniline is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 41 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 22 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces may be attenuated by adsorption to humic material in the water column(3). Initially, a rapid, reversible equilibrium is established, which may represent formation of imine linkages with the humic carbonyls(3). Subsequently, there is a slow reaction that is not readily reversed(3). N-Ethylaniline's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). N-Ethylaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.204 mm Hg(4). A pKa value of 5.12(5), suggests that N-ethylanilne will exist partially in the protonated form in aqueous environments and the protonated form of N-ethylaniline does not volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: In 1989, water samples were collected from the Rhine River at several locations in the Netherlands delta(1). Samples were taken near the German border at Lobith (03/17/89 and 09/15/89), downstream of Rotterdam harbor at Maasslius (05/26/89 and 09/22/89), along the main stream at Werkendam (29/09/89), in the semi-stagnant branch at Haringvliet (05/19/89) and in the outlet of the Ijssel at Kampen (04/21/89)(1). N-Ethylaniline was detected only at Werkendam at 0.024 ug/l(1). In another study of Rhine River water, N-ethylaniline and o-chloroaniline were quantified together near Brakel, Netherlands at an avg concn of 0.8 ug/l and max of 11.7 ug/l(2).

Effluent from 3 New Jersey publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) was analyzed for the presence of pollutants(1). These POTWs were sampled for 1 year with POTW-A located in a rural area with no known industrial contributor, POTW-B located in an industrial area with intake water having 27% industrial (consisting of pharmaceutical, yeast, paper processing and chemical manufacturing) contribution and POTW-C located in another industrial area with 18% industrial (mostly textile and dye manufacturers) contribution to intake water(1). N-Ethylaniline was only detected in effluent water from POTW-C at 12 ppb(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1974) has statistically estimated that 495 workers are potentially exposed to N-ethylaniline in the US(1). Occupational exposure to N-ethylaniline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where N-ethylaniline is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-ETHYLANILINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2272; N-Ethylaniline

IMO 6.1; N-Ethylaniline

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 23/24/25-33; S: (1/2)-28-37-45

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III