acetanilide

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.1% (2 of 1686) of reports.

H302 (99.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P264, P270, P301+P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1686 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 1686 reports by companies.

There are 14 notifications provided by 1684 of 1686 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this compound can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Incineration: Incineration at 1000 °C followed by treatment of the off-gas has been recommended. Landfill burial has also been suggested. But, in light of the generation of more toxic, persistent products, this mode of disposal does not seem desirable.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should keep this material in a tightly-closed container under an inert atmosphere, and store it at refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

2.4 [mg/m3]

26 [mg/m3]

160 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Acetanilide is a white to gray solid. (NTP, 1992)

White odorless solid; [Hawley] White to gray solid; Sensitive to prolonged contact with air; [CAMEO] Off-white chips; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

ORTHORHOMBIC PLATES OR SCALES FROM WATER

WHITE SHINING CRYSTALLINE SCALES

White, shining crystalline leaflets or white crystalline powder.

Colorless, glossy, crystalline material.

ODORLESS

SLIGHTLY BURNING

579 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

304 °C @ 760 MM HG

304 °C @760 [mm Hg]

237.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

114.3 °C

345 °F (NTP, 1992)

337 °F; 169 °C (OPEN CUP)

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

1 G SOL IN 185 ML WATER, 3.4 ML ALC, 20 ML BOILING WATER, 3 ML METHANOL, 4 ML ACETONE, 0.6 ML BOILING ALCOHOL, IN 3.7 ML CHLOROFORM, 5 ML GLYCEROL, 8 ML DIOXANE, 47 ML BENZENE, 18 ML ETHER; VERY SPARINGLY SOL IN PETROLEUM ETHER; CHLORAL HYDRATE INCREASES SOLUBILITY IN WATER

SOL IN TOLUENE; VERY SOL IN HOT TOLUENE, IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

Water solubility= 6.93X10+3 mg/l at 25 °C

Slightly soluble in water; very soluble in ethanol and acetone; soluble in ethyl ether.

6.39 mg/mL at 25 °C

>20.3 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)

1.219 at 59 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2190 @ 15 °C

1.21 @ 20°C

4.65 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1 mmHg at 237 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.00122 [mmHg]

1.22X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C

0.000003 [mm Hg] @20 °C

Log Kow= 1.16

REARRANGES UNDER INFLUENCE OF UV LIGHT; ACETYL GROUP FORMS NEW BOND ON RING IN ORTHO OR PARA POSITION

APPRECIABLY VOLATILE @ 95 °C

STABLE IN AIR

1004 °F (NTP, 1992)

985 + or - 10 °F.

SEE ANILINE. ...WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES.

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.515 (ALPHA), 1.620 (BETA), GREATER THAN 1.733 (GAMMA); PKA: 1

KB: 1X10-13 AT 28 °C

pKa = 0.50 at 25 °C (conjugate acid)

This compound is sensitive to prolonged exposure to air (NTP, 1992). Water insoluble.

Amides and Imides

Amines, Aromatic

ACETANILIDE is an amide. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

SEE ANILINE...CAN REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

THIRTY-MOLAR EXCESS OF ACETANILIDE REDUCED CARCINOGENICITY OF N-2-FLUORENYLACETAMIDE ON LIVER & SEVERAL OTHER TARGET ORGANS IN SEVERAL SPECIES.

/ACETANILID/ WILL...POTENTIATE ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF OPIATES.

ENHANCING EFFECT OF METAPYRONE UPON THE P-HYDROXYLATION OF ACETANILIDE HAS BEEN CONFIRMED.

ACUTE EFFECT OF ORAL ADMIN OF BENZENE ON LIVER MICROSOMAL DRUG ENZYMES AND LIPID PEROXIDATION WAS INVESTIGATED IN RATS. INCR IN HYDROXYLATION OF ACETANILIDE WAS OBSERVED.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for ACETANILIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IT IS WELL KNOWN TO PRODUCE CYANOSIS IN SOME HUMANS WHEN TAKEN REPEATEDLY, POSSIBLY DUE TO FORMATION OF SULFHEMOGLOBIN. LARGE DOSES IN ACUTE POISONING PRODUCE METHEMOGLOBIN...

.../"COAL TAR ANALGETICS" INCL ACETANILID/ ARE DEPRESSANTS OF CNS. SYMPTOMS OF NAUSEA & VOMITING, VERTIGO & RINGING IN EARS...OCCUR WITH LARGE DOSES OR IN... SENSITIVE INDIVIDUALS WITH THERAPEUTIC DOSES. SWEATING MAY BE PROFUSE. LARGE DOSES LEAD TO MENTAL CONFUSION, MUSCULAR INCOORDINATION & COMA.

CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE, WITH COLD EXTREMITIES, PALENESS...FEEBLE RAPID PULSE & DYSPNEA, & COMA, WITH FIXED, SEMI-DILATED PUPILS, IS CHARACTERISTIC FINDING IN ACUTE ACETANILID POISONING.

IT MAY...CAUSE CONTACT DERMATITIS & INHALATION OR INGESTION MAY CAUSE AN ECZEMATOUS ERUPTION OF THE SKIN.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ACETANILIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACUTE TOXICITY...IS VERY LOW--RATS & MONKEYS TOLERATING DOSES OF 200-400 MG/KG ORALLY PER DAY FOR MANY WEEKS. WITH VERY LARGE DOSES...METHEMOGLOBIN & SOME HYPERPLASIA OF BONE MARROW CAN BE PRODUCED.

IN MOUSE, RAT, GUINEA PIG, AND RABBIT LIVER MICROSOMES GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION WAS NOT OBSERVED WITH ACETANILIDE.

At a single dose of 200 mg/kg by gavage, acetanilide oxidized hemoglobin to methemoglobin in dogs. /From table/

If a value of 100 is assigned to the sensitivity of the cat /with respect to methemoglobin formation/, then the sensitivities of other species are as follows for acetanilide: man, 56; dog, 29; rat, 5; rabbit, 0; and monkey, 0.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ACETANILIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Acetanilide may be released into the environment in various waste streams from its production and use as an intermediate in drug and dye production, as a stabilizer in hydrogen peroxide and cellulose esters, as a plasticizer, and as a rubber accelerator. If released to the atmosphere, acetanilide is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase acetanilide is expected to degrade rapidly by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 1.3 days). If released to the soil, acetanilide is expected to exhibit very high mobility based on a measured Koc of 27. Acetanilide is not expected to volatilize from either wet or dry soil based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mol and an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg, respectively. If released into water, biodegradation of acetanilide is expected to be an important removal process. An estimated BCF of 4.5 suggests that bioconcentration of acetanilide in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis, adsorption to soil and sediment, and volatilization are not expected to be environmentally important removal processes in aquatic systems. Occupational exposure to acetanilide is expected to occur primarily through dermal contact with this compound in workplaces where it is produced and used. The general population may be exposed to acetanilide through ingestion of contaminated drinking water. (SRC)

Acetanilide's production and use as an intermediate in drug and dye manufacture(1), a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide(1) and cellulose esters(2), a plasticizer(2), and a rubber accelerator(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Acetanilide has been found to be a thermal decomposition product of epoxy powder paint(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 27(2,SRC), indicates that acetanilide will have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetanilide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of acetanilide from dry soil surfaces may not exist(SRC) based on the extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg(4,SRC). Limited data suggest that acetanilide may undergo microbial degradation in soil.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 27(2,SRC),indicates that acetanilide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Acetanilide is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 4.5(1,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(4,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Acetanilide should biodegrade rapidly in aquatic systems. Hydrolysis of acetanilide is not expected to be an environmentally important removal process in aquatic systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetanilide, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetanilide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 1.3 days(3,SRC).

Several tests indicate that acetanilide biodegrades rapidly under aerobic conditions(1-3). One screening test, based on COD measurements, using an activated sludge seed and an initial chemical concentration of 200 ppm, reported a 94% COD removal after 5 days(1). A screening test using an acclimated riverwater seed, based on BOD measurements, reported an 80% BODT after 8 days(2). A grab sample test from the Nile River, using an initial chemical concentration of 6-7 ppm, reported 100% degradation after 43 days incubation(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetanilide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the aqueous-phase reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been determined to be 5.2X10+9 L/mol-sec at pH 9(2). This corresponds to as aqueous half-life of approximately 154 days at an aqueous hydroxyl radical concentration of 1.0X10-17 mol/l(2). Acetanilide is not expected to undergo hydrolysis or direct photolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze or absorb UV light.

An estimated BCF value of 4.5 was calculated for acetanilide(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 1.16(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of acetanilide is estimated as approximately 38(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 1.16(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). A Koc of 27 was experimentally determined for acetanilide, using silt loam and sandy loam, with % organic matter ranging from 1.09-5.92 (Kom was converted to Koc by multiplying by 1.724), and pH ranging from 5.9-7.5(4). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), the estimated and measured Koc values suggest that acetanilide has very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for acetanilide is estimated as 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that acetanilide will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Acetanilide's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of acetanilide from dry soil surfaces may not exist(SRC) based on the extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg(3,SRC).

DRINKING WATER: Acetanilide was quantitatively detected in drinking water in Cincinnati, OH on Jan. 14, 1980(1).

Acetanilide was detected in one wastewater sample from an undisclosed specialty chemicals manufacturing plant at a level of 0.2 ppm between Nov. 6, 1975 and Sept. 6, 1976(1).

...REACTION OF WORKERS WHO FILL BAGS OF ACETANILIDE. AFTER DUTY HR MOST...COMPLAINED OF CHEST PAIN, GIDDINESS, EPIGASTRIC PAIN & HIGHLY COLORED URINE. ...OCCASIONALLY THERE WAS TINGE OF CYANOSIS. HEMOGLOBIN VALUES...WERE BETWEEN 70 & 85%.

SYMPTOMS OF OCCUPATIONALLY CAUSED ACETANILIDE POISONING ARE PRESENTED WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON CYANOSIS, GIDDINESS & DELAYED ABSORPTION. TREATMENT AND PREVENTATIVE MEASURES ARE ALSO DESCRIBED.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 9000 workers (6100 of these are female) are potentially exposed to acetanilide in the US(1). Limited monitoring data indicate that non-occupational exposure can occur from the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. The most probable human exposure would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact at workplaces where acetanilide is produced or used(SRC).

Acetanilide may be released into the environment in various waste streams from its production and use as an intermediate in drug and dye production, as a stabilizer in hydrogen peroxide and cellulose esters, as a plasticizer, and as a rubber accelerator. If released to the atmosphere, acetanilide is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase acetanilide is expected to degrade rapidly by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 1.3 days). If released to the soil, acetanilide is expected to exhibit very high mobility based on a measured Koc of 27. Acetanilide is not expected to volatilize from either wet or dry soil based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mol and an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg, respectively. If released into water, biodegradation of acetanilide is expected to be an important removal process. An estimated BCF of 4.5 suggests that bioconcentration of acetanilide in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis, adsorption to soil and sediment, and volatilization are not expected to be environmentally important removal processes in aquatic systems. Occupational exposure to acetanilide is expected to occur primarily through dermal contact with this compound in workplaces where it is produced and used. The general population may be exposed to acetanilide through ingestion of contaminated drinking water. (SRC)

Acetanilide's production and use as an intermediate in drug and dye manufacture(1), a stabilizer for hydrogen peroxide(1) and cellulose esters(2), a plasticizer(2), and a rubber accelerator(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Acetanilide has been found to be a thermal decomposition product of epoxy powder paint(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 27(2,SRC), indicates that acetanilide will have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetanilide from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of acetanilide from dry soil surfaces may not exist(SRC) based on the extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg(4,SRC). Limited data suggest that acetanilide may undergo microbial degradation in soil.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 27(2,SRC),indicates that acetanilide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Acetanilide is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 4.5(1,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(4,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Acetanilide should biodegrade rapidly in aquatic systems. Hydrolysis of acetanilide is not expected to be an environmentally important removal process in aquatic systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetanilide, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetanilide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 1.3 days(3,SRC).

Several tests indicate that acetanilide biodegrades rapidly under aerobic conditions(1-3). One screening test, based on COD measurements, using an activated sludge seed and an initial chemical concentration of 200 ppm, reported a 94% COD removal after 5 days(1). A screening test using an acclimated riverwater seed, based on BOD measurements, reported an 80% BODT after 8 days(2). A grab sample test from the Nile River, using an initial chemical concentration of 6-7 ppm, reported 100% degradation after 43 days incubation(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetanilide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the aqueous-phase reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been determined to be 5.2X10+9 L/mol-sec at pH 9(2). This corresponds to as aqueous half-life of approximately 154 days at an aqueous hydroxyl radical concentration of 1.0X10-17 mol/l(2). Acetanilide is not expected to undergo hydrolysis or direct photolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups to hydrolyze or absorb UV light.

An estimated BCF value of 4.5 was calculated for acetanilide(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 1.16(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of acetanilide is estimated as approximately 38(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 1.16(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). A Koc of 27 was experimentally determined for acetanilide, using silt loam and sandy loam, with % organic matter ranging from 1.09-5.92 (Kom was converted to Koc by multiplying by 1.724), and pH ranging from 5.9-7.5(4). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), the estimated and measured Koc values suggest that acetanilide has very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for acetanilide is estimated as 6.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that acetanilide will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Acetanilide's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of acetanilide from dry soil surfaces may not exist(SRC) based on the extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-3 mm Hg(3,SRC).

DRINKING WATER: Acetanilide was quantitatively detected in drinking water in Cincinnati, OH on Jan. 14, 1980(1).

Acetanilide was detected in one wastewater sample from an undisclosed specialty chemicals manufacturing plant at a level of 0.2 ppm between Nov. 6, 1975 and Sept. 6, 1976(1).

...REACTION OF WORKERS WHO FILL BAGS OF ACETANILIDE. AFTER DUTY HR MOST...COMPLAINED OF CHEST PAIN, GIDDINESS, EPIGASTRIC PAIN & HIGHLY COLORED URINE. ...OCCASIONALLY THERE WAS TINGE OF CYANOSIS. HEMOGLOBIN VALUES...WERE BETWEEN 70 & 85%.

SYMPTOMS OF OCCUPATIONALLY CAUSED ACETANILIDE POISONING ARE PRESENTED WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON CYANOSIS, GIDDINESS & DELAYED ABSORPTION. TREATMENT AND PREVENTATIVE MEASURES ARE ALSO DESCRIBED.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 9000 workers (6100 of these are female) are potentially exposed to acetanilide in the US(1). Limited monitoring data indicate that non-occupational exposure can occur from the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. The most probable human exposure would be occupational exposure, which may occur through dermal contact at workplaces where acetanilide is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Incineration: Incineration at 1000 °C followed by treatment of the off-gas has been recommended. Landfill burial has also been suggested. But, in light of the generation of more toxic, persistent products, this mode of disposal does not seem desirable.