P-Anisidine

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300+H310+H330 (46.7%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (81.9%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319 (36.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (81.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (99.7%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412 (36.2%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 287 reports by companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Not Classified

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P301+P317, P302+P317, P308+P316, P319, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P264, P270, P301+P317, P308+P316, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fires involving this compound can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Anisidines/

If material is involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Anisidines/

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spill handling: Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. /Anisidines/

Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting then remove to safe place.

Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain fluid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder or commercial respondents. /Anisidines/

Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Anisidines/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for p-Anisidine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Dissolve in combustible solvent (alcohols, benzene, tec.) and spray solution into furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber, or burn spill residue on sand and soda ash absorbent in a furnace. /Anisidines/

Prevent deposition of dust; closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

The basic ventilation methods are local exhaust ventilation and dilution or general ventilation. /o-Anisidine/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for p-Anisidine (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store it in an explosion-proof refrigerator. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, acids, chloroformates and food and feedstuffs. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dark, well-ventilated area. Protect against sunlight and strong oxidizers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored ... /Anisidines/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

1.5 [mg/m3]

8.3 [mg/m3]

50 [mg/m3]

TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [skin]

0.5 [mg/m3]

50 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

50.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: Mice have survived exposures to concentrations of 10 to 30 mg/m3 for 2 hours/day, 6 days/week for 1 month with a only decrease in the excitability of nerves noted [Zaeva and Fedorova 1962]. Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

50 mg/cu m

50 mg/m3

See: 104949

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m. Skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: methemoglobin in blood; Sampling Time: during or end of shift; BEI: 1.5% of hemoglobin. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. The biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous. These determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical or as a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question. /Methemoglobin inducers/

0.5 mg/m

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 3

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The aerosol is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin and anaemia.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for p-Anisidine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide: QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

PROVISION OF ... PROTECTIVE CLOTHING & BARRIER CREAMS. /o-ANISIDINE/

Wear butyl rubber gloves, plastic coveralls, and self-contained breathing apparatus. /o-Anisidine/

Respirator selection: 2.5 mg/cu m or less: Any dust and mist respirator, except single use. 5 mg/cu m or less: Any dust and mist respirator, except single use or quarter mask respirator. Any supplied air respirator or any self contained breathing apparatus. 25 mg/cu m or less: Any high efficiency particulate filter respirator with full facepiece. Any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood or any self contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece. 50 mg/cu m or less: A powered air purifying respirator with high efficiency particulate filter or a Type C supplied air respirator operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode. Greater than 50 mg/cu m or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: Self contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode or a combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode and an auxiliary self contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. /o-Anisidine/

Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where solid or liquid anisidine or liquids containing anisidine may contact the eyes. /o-Anisidine/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for p-Anisidine (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 5 mg/m3 :

(APF = 10) Any particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering facepieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator

Up to 12.5 mg/m3 :

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode

P-anisidine appears as brown crystals or dark brown solid. Characteristic amine odor. (NTP, 1992)

Yellow to brown, crystalline solid with an amine-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-BROWN CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Yellow to brown, crystalline solid with an amine-like odor.

White solid

Fused crystalline mass

Crystals, plates from aqueous solution

Yellow to brown, crystalline solid

Amine-like odor

469 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

243.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

243 °C @760 [mm Hg]

135 °F (NTP, 1992)

41 °F (NTP, 1992)

122 °C (251.6 °F) (closed cup)

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in acetone, benzene; very soluble in ether, ethanol

In water, 2.10X10+4 mg/L at 20 °C

21 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 2.2 (moderate)

Moderate

1.071 at 135 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.071 at 57 °C/4 °C

1.07 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.00

1.071 @ 57°C

4.25 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.28 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.3

less than 0.1 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.03 [mmHg]

3.0X10-2 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 2

(77 °F): 0.006 mmHg

log Kow = 0.95

Henry's Law constant = 6.60X10-8 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides./

Positive

Agilent 3Q

JetStream

Insoluble in water.

Amines, Aromatic

P-ANISIDINE may be sensitive to heat, light and moisture. Reacts with acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates and strong oxidizing agents. Incompatible with alkaline materials. Incompatible with aldehydes, ketones and nitrates. (NTP, 1992)

Incompatible with strong oxidizers, with risk of fire or explosions. Attacks some coatings and some forms of plastic and rubber. /Anisidines/

Strong oxidizers

p-Anisidine reacts with secondary oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketones in fats and oils. (Wikipedia)

No data are available in humans. Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

para-Anisidine

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 27: (1982) Some Aromatic Amines, Anthraquinones and Nitroso Compounds, and Inorganic Fluorides Used in Drinking-water and Dental Preparations

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

P-Anisidine is the most toxic of the three isomers of anisidine and causes blood damage upon oral ingestion, inhalation or skin contact. If heated strongly, it may release very toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. (Wikipedia)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

oral ingestion, inhalation or skin contact

Cough. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness.

Nausea. Further see Inhalation.

headache, dizziness; cyanosis; red blood cell Heinz bodies

Blood, kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system, central nervous system

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

LD50 Rat oral 1400 mg/kg

LD50 Rat skin 3200 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 1400 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 1410 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for p-Anisidine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short term exposure: ... can be absorbed through the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes, thereby increasing exposure. Contact with anisidines can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, can cause a burning sensation and skin rash. Inhalation of p-anisidine can cause shortness of breath and coughing. Exposure can interfere with the blood's ability to carry hemoglobin (methemaglobinemia). This can cause headache, dizziness, cyanosis of the skin and lips. Higher levels can cause difficult breathing, collapse, and death. Long term exposure: Related aromatic amines are carcinogens, and p-anisidine may be carcinogenic as well. Repeated exposure to these isomers may cause anemia, skin allergy, lung irritation, and bronchitis; nerve and kidney damage. /Anisidines/

/SURVEILLANCE/ Workmen exposed to air concentrations of 0.4 ppm for 3.5 hr/day for 6 months developed no anemia or chronic poisoning. There were, however, some complaints of headache and vertigo from the exposed subjects, increased sulfhemoglobin and methemoglobin, and frequent occurrence of erythrocytic inclusion bodies (Heinz bodies).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Nephrotoxicity of some aromatic nitro-amino compounds were evaluated by urinary enzyme activities and renal histopathological changes. Male Fischer 344 rats were intraperitoneally injected with aniline, p-aminophenol, acetyl-p-aminophenol, p-chloroaniline, p-chloronitrobenzene, p-anisidine, or p-nitroaniline at 1.0 mmol/kg. In the rats injected with p-aminophenol, necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells and remarkable elevation of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) activities were observed. Injection with p-chloroaniline caused significant elevation of the urinary NAG and gamma-GTP activities. p-Anisidine and p-nitroaniline induced swelling of the tubular epithelial cells and a significant elevation in urinary NAG activities in rats, which was also caused by p-chloronitrobenzene. However, administration of aniline or acetyl-p-aminophenol did not change either the urinary enzymes or renal histopathology. These results indicate that p-aminophenol is a highly nephrotoxic substance, and that nephrotoxicity of p-chloroaniline, p-chloronitrobenzene, p-anisidine and p-nitroaniline exceed that of acetyl-p-aminophenol which has been known to cause renal damage.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... Effects on mice /determined by skin application/ at concentrations of 10-30 mg/cu m for 2 hr/day, 6 days/wk. At end of 1 mo, decrease in the excitability of nerves was noted.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Male and Female B6C3F1 mice survived the administration of up to 30000 mg/kg bw para-anisidine hydrochloride in the diet for 8 weeks. This dose led to darkened spleens, and to weight depression of 38 and 29% in male and female animals, respectively. /p-Anisidine hydrochloride/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In eight week subchronic studies, male and female Fisher 344 rats survived administration of up to 10000 mg/kg para-anisidine hydrochloride in the diet. The weights of animals given the higher level of compound were reduced by 21 and 13% in male and female animals, respectively, and their slpeens were darkened. A daily dose of of 30000 mg/kg of diet was lethal. /p-Anisidine hydrochloride/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for p-Anisidine (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. /p-Anisidine hydrochloride/[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=20265-97-8]

A bioassay for possible carcinogenicity of p-anisidine hydrochloride was conducted using Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. p-Anisidine hydrochloride was administered in the feed, at either of two concentrations, to groups of 55 male and 55 female animals of each species. Fifty-five animals of each sex and species were placed on test as controls. The high and low dietary concentrations of p-anisidine hydrochloride were, respectively, 0.6 and 0.3% for rats and 1.0 and 0.5% for mice. The cmpd was administered in the diet for 103 wk, followed by an observation period of 2 or 3 wk for rats and 2 wk for mice. ... There was insufficient evidence in the low dose bioassay and no evidence in the group receiving the high dose, to establish carcinogenicity of p-anisidine hydrochloride in Fischer 344 male rats. The cmpd was not carcinogenic in B6C3F1 mice. /p-Anisidine hydrochloride/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 180 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 52000 ug/L (25000-109000 ug/L) for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 1900 ug/L (1300-2800 ug/L) for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 180 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 52000 ug/L (25000-109000 ug/L) for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 1900 ug/L (1300-2800 ug/L) for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 330 ug/L for 48 hr /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for p-Anisidine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

p-Anisidine's production and use as a chemical intermediate and in azo dyestuffs may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.00X10-2 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates p-anisidine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase p-anisidine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 hours. p-Anisidine absorbs light at 300 nm and therefore it may undergo direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, p-anisidine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 45. The pKa of p-anisidine is 5.36, indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process for the neutral form of p-anisidine based upon a Henry's Law constant of 6.60X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because it exists partially as a cation and cations do not volatilize. p-Anisidine readily biodegrades in aerobic activated sludge as indicated by screening tests with 65.3% degradation after 2 weeks and 100% after 4 weeks using 60 mg/L test concn. In a mixed-culture of soil microorganisms, p-anisidine degraded completely after 64 days. If released into water, p-anisidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. p-Anisidine degraded 82% in river water and 2% in seawater after 3 days, indicating that biodegradation in aquatic environments is expected to be an important fate process. Volatilization from water surfaces for the neutral form is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to p-anisidine may occur via inhalation and through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where p-anisidine is produced or used. (SRC)

p-Anisidine is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

p-Anisidine's production and use as a chemical intermediate and in azo dyestuffs(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 45(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.95(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that p-anisidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of p-anisidine is 5.36(4), indicating that it will partially exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of the neutral form of p-anisidine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 6.60X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(6). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected for the cationic form of p-anisidine because cations do not volatilize(SRC). p-Anisidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.00X10-2 mm Hg at 20 °C(7). p-Anisidine readily biodegrades in aerobic activated sludge as indicated by screening tests with 65.3% degradation after 2 weeks(8) and 100% after 4 weeks using 60 mg/L test concn(9). In a mixed-culture of soil microorganisms, p-anisidine degraded completely after 64 days(10).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 45(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.95(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that p-anisidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected for the neutral species(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 6.60X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). p-Anisidine degraded the 82% in river water and 2% in seawater after 3 days during Cultivation Method screening tests(7-8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), p-anisidine, which has a vapor pressure of 3.00X10-2 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase p-anisidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). p-Anisidine absorbs light at 300 nm(4) and therefore it may undergo direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: p-Anisidine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 65.3% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). p-Anisidine degraded 82% in river water obtained from Mino River, Japan, and 2% in seawater obtained from Akashi Beach, Japan during a Cultivation Method screening test(2). p-Anisidine did not degrade during a Modified OECD test, but degraded completely after 28 days using the same procedure with a modified activated sludge (1.5 mL/L) inoculum and a test sample concn of 60 mg/L(3). Half-lives of <3 weeks in non-adapted inoculum and <2 weeks in adapted inoculum were obtained during an adapted, semistatic OECD biogradability test and dynamic Pitter test(4). p-Anisidine, present at 25 ug/L and inoculated with a mixed culture of soil microorganisms in an aqueous mineral salts medium, underwent complete degradation in 64 days as indicated by a total loss of UV absorbency(5). Partially purified enzymes of the soil fungus Geotrichum candidum transformed the anisidines into colored polyaromatic hydrocarbons(6). Pure cultures of the bacterium Escherichia coli metabolized p-anisidine in the presence of nitrate, as indicated by a color change occurring within 24 hours of incubation; a disappearance rate of 0.10/hr was reported(7).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of p-anisidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.1 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). p-Anisidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). p-Anisidine absorbs light at 300 nm(3) and therefore it may undergo direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated for p-anisidine(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.95(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of p-anisidine is estimated as 45(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.95(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that p-anisidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of p-anisidine is 5.36(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for p-anisidine is 6.60X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that p-anisidine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). p-Anisidine's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur for the neutral species(SRC). p-Anisidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.00X10-2 mm Hg(3).

Anisidine (isomer not specified) has been identified in the effluent from chemical industries located in Kingsport, TN (Sept 1974), Morristown, TN (Sept 1974) and on the Upper Catawba River, TN (Aug 1974)(1). p-Anisidine has been identified in the effluent from a chemical industry located on the Upper Catawba River, TN (Aug 1973)(1). p-Anisidine has been identified in the effluent from an organics and plastics industry(2) and from oil refineries in the US(3).

Occupational exposure to p-anisidine may occur via inhalation and through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where p-anisidine is produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Dissolve in combustible solvent (alcohols, benzene, tec.) and spray solution into furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber, or burn spill residue on sand and soda ash absorbent in a furnace. /Anisidines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for p-Anisidine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2431; Anisidines, liquid or solid

IMO 6.1; o-Anisidine; Anisidines, liquid or solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 26/27/28-33-50; S: (1/2)-28-36/37-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III