ethyl bromoacetate

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.6% (1 of 164) of reports.

H226 (93.3%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H300+H310+H330 (87.2%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (99.4%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (99.4%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (99.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 164 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 164 reports by companies.

There are 8 notifications provided by 163 of 164 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264+P265, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P354+P338, P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

To fight fire, use water as a fire blanket.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

1.2 [mg/m3]

13 [mg/m3]

79 [mg/m3]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Ethyl bromoacetate appears as a clear, colorless liquid. A lachrymator. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption; a strong irritant of the skin. Insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, benzene, and ether.

Colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor; [MSDSonline]

Clear colorless liquid

Pungent odor

168.5 °C

158.8 °C @760 [mm Hg]

118 °F (48 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

Insoluble in water, soluble in acetone, miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether.

Sol in benzene and alcohol

Miscible in oxygenated and aromatic solvents

1.5032 @ 20 °C/20 °C

1.5032 @ 20°C

5.8 (Air= 1)

3.37 [mmHg]

2.6 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow= 1.12

When heated to decomposition ... it emits highly toxic fumes of /hydrogen bromide/.

Index of refraction: 1.4489 @ 20 °C

Partially decomposed by water

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Dielectric constant

Magnetic susceptibility

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Other Classes -> Halogenated Esters

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Reactive agents - 1st degree

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Halogenated Organic Compounds

ETHYL BROMOACETATE is a halogenated ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. ... On contact with acid or acid fumes, it emits highly toxic fumes of /hydrogen bromide/.

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water.

INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice.

SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention.

INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

VAPORS ARE IRRITANT TO ALL MUCOUS MEMBRANES, ESP TO EYES, & ARE UNBEARABLE FOR MORE THAN A MIN AT CONCN OF 8 PPM IN AIR. EXPOSURE OF HUMAN EYES TO HIGH CONCN OF VAPOR FROM TEAR GAS SHELLS HAS CAUSED CORNEAL EDEMA WITH WRINKLING OF DESCEMET'S MEMBRANE, BUT IN MOST PATIENTS THE EYES...RETURNED TO NORMAL.

DIRECT CONTACT WITH LIQUID...HAS CAUSED PERMANENT CORNEAL SCARRING & OPACIFICATION.

TOXIC BY INGESTION, INHALATION, & SKIN ABSORPTION.

ETHYLBROMOACETATE ADMIN SC TO FEMALE ICR/HA SWISS MICE INDUCED SARCOMAS AT INJECTION SITE. ALTHOUGH MOST COMPD TESTED BY SC INJECTION INDUCED SARCOMAS, ONLY DIMETHYLCARBAMYL CHLORIDE & 1,2,4,5,9,10-TRIEPOXYDECENE INDUCED CARCINOMAS BY DERMAL ADMIN.

FIVE ORGANOHALIDES PRODUCED ELEVATED LUNG TUMOR RESPONSE IN MICE WHICH WAS SIGNIFICANT BY ONLY 1 OF STATISTICAL TESTS USED. ETHYL CHLOROACETATE WAS BORDERLINE. INACTIVITY OF ORGANOBROMIDES RELATIVE TO ORGANOCHLORIDES MAY BE DUE TO GREATER GENERAL TOXICITY OF BROMINATED COMPD.

Ethyl 2-bromoacetate's production and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl 2-bromoacetate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl 2-bromoacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 days. If released to soil, ethyl 2-bromoacetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 12. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl 2-bromoacetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, ethyl 2-bromoacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 17 hr and 12 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 1 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to ethyl 2-bromoacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl 2-bromoacetate is produced or used. (SRC)

Ethyl 2-bromoacetate's production and use as a chemical intermediate and reactant in the synthesis of an analgesic(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.12(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl 2-bromoacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl 2-bromoacetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of ethyl 2-bromoacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg(5). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 11 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(6); this corresponds to half-lives of 8 days and 18 hours at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.12(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl 2-bromoacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 17 hr and 12 days, respectively(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 11 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(7); this corresponds to half-lives of 8 days and 18 hours at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl 2-bromoacetate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl 2-bromoacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl 2-bromoacetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 11 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 8 days and 18 hours at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2).

An estimated BCF of 1 was calculated for ethyl 2-bromoacetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.12(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of ethyl 2-bromoacetate is estimated as 12(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.12(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl 2-bromoacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl 2-bromoacetate is estimated as 2.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl 2-bromoacetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 17 hr(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 12 days(SRC). Ethyl 2-bromoacetate's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl 2-bromoacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 851 workers (187 of these are female) are potentially exposed to ethyl 2-bromoacetate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl 2-bromoacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl 2-bromoacetate is produced or used(SRC).

Ethyl 2-bromoacetate's production and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl 2-bromoacetate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl 2-bromoacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 days. If released to soil, ethyl 2-bromoacetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 12. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl 2-bromoacetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, ethyl 2-bromoacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 17 hr and 12 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 1 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to ethyl 2-bromoacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl 2-bromoacetate is produced or used. (SRC)

Ethyl 2-bromoacetate's production and use as a chemical intermediate and reactant in the synthesis of an analgesic(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.12(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl 2-bromoacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl 2-bromoacetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of ethyl 2-bromoacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg(5). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 11 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(6); this corresponds to half-lives of 8 days and 18 hours at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.12(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl 2-bromoacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 17 hr and 12 days, respectively(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 11 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(7); this corresponds to half-lives of 8 days and 18 hours at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl 2-bromoacetate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl 2-bromoacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl 2-bromoacetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 11 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 8 days and 18 hours at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2).

An estimated BCF of 1 was calculated for ethyl 2-bromoacetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.12(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of ethyl 2-bromoacetate is estimated as 12(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.12(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl 2-bromoacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl 2-bromoacetate is estimated as 2.70X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl 2-bromoacetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 17 hr(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 12 days(SRC). Ethyl 2-bromoacetate's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl 2-bromoacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 3.37 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 851 workers (187 of these are female) are potentially exposed to ethyl 2-bromoacetate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl 2-bromoacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl 2-bromoacetate is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYL 2-BROMOACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1603; Ethyl bromoacetate

IMO 6.1; Ethyl bromoacetate

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Flammable Liquid