Ethyl Propionate

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H315 (10.6%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H335 (10.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1889 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Get medical attention.

INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES: Flush with water for at least 15 min., lifting lids occasionally. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.

SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash with soap and water. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE.

To fight fire, use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

26 [mg/m3]

290 [mg/m3]

1700 [mg/m3]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Full impervious protective clothing, including boots and gloves. Where splashing is possible wear full face shield or chemical safety goggles. Use approved respirator to protect against vapors. (USCG, 1999)

Ethyl propionate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pineapple-like odor. Flash point 54 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air.

Colorless liquid with a fruity odor; [Merck Index]

Colourless liquid with a fruity, rum-like, ethereal odour

Colorless liquid

Water-white liquid

REMINISCENT OF RUM & PINEAPPLE

Fruity odor

Odor of pineapple

Butter- or rum-like

210 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

98.00 to 100.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

99 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-99 °F (USCG, 1999)

-73.9 °C

-72.6 °C

54 °F (USCG, 1999)

12 °C (CLOSED CUP)

SOLUBLE IN MOST ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Soluble in alcohol and ether

Miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether; soluble in acetone

In water, 19,200 mg/l @ 25 °C

19.2 mg/mL at 20 °C

Soluble in most fixed oils and propylene glycol, soluble in water (1ml in 42ml)

(in ethanol)

0.891 (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8917 @ 20 °C/4 °C

0.886-0.889

0.891 @ 20°C

3.52 (Air=1)

35.9 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg @ 27.2 °C

35.8 mm Hg @ 25 °C

40 [mm Hg] @27.2 °C

log Kow= 1.21

887 °F (USCG, 1999)

824 °F (440 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Index of refraction: 1.3844 @ 20 °C/D

1.383-1.385

ACID VALUE NOT MORE THAN 0.2

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Highly Flammable

ETHYL PROPIONATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Can react with oxidizing agents, bases, and acids. Polymerization: Will not polymerize (USCG, 1999).

... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LD50 Rat oral 8732 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 1200 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 1300 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 3500 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 5.7 g/kg

SYMPTOMS WERE SIMILAR TO THOSE OBSERVED WITH METHYL PROPIONATE ... SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF ATAXIA, GASPING RESPIRATION, AND HYPOTHERMIA OCCURRED AT LETHAL DOSE LEVELS. /METHYL PROPIONATE/

Twenty-one-day Daphnia reproduction tests were conducted in line with the provisional procedure proposed by the Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt, FRG), as of Jan 1, 1984. Groups of 20, 24-hr old Daphnia magna Straus were exposed to 0.8 to 50 mg/l ethyl propionate in semi-static test vessels. Parent animals in the test and control vessels had to be pipetted 3 times/wk in freshly prepared test and control media at the corresponding concn level. The no observed effect concn (NOEC) was determined from the parameters of mortality of the parent animals, reproduction rate and appearance of the first offspring during the test period. In preliminary acute Daphnia tests, the 24-hr EC50 was 286 mg/l for ethyl propionate, the EC0 was 173 mg/l. The nominal 21-day no observed effect concn was 6.3 mg/l, with the most sensitive parameter being parental mortality.

Tissue changes affected by ethyl propionate ... include irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and degenerative changes in the heart, liver, and kidneys.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in male and female groups of 2, 5, 5, and 5 fasted rats receiving single peroral (manner unspecified) doses of 4.0, 8.0, 11.3, and 16.0 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively. The data for female rats were not provided. In male rats, treatment was associated with sluggishness, prostration, and mortality at approximately 15 minutes to 3 hours post-dosing. A solitary male died after 1 day. Only males of the 2 highest dose levels succumbed or demonstrated recorded toxic effects throughout 14-day observation. An acute oral LD50 for male rats was 10.8 mL/kg bodyweight; a female LD50 was 9.8 mL/kg. The survivors recovered fully within 1 to 2 days. Upon necropsy, apparent treatment-related pathology among male rats was limited to the study decedents; gross lesions included dark red and mottled lungs, white to grey stomachs, liquid-filled stomachs and intestines, red or white intestine, and spotty white to grey or red kidneys.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for acute dermal toxicity in rabbits (5/sex/group; strain unspecified), administered single undiluted percutaneous applications of 16 mL/kg bodyweight for 24 hours. Treatment was associated with death of a solitary female at 11 days post-treatment. Local reactions were characterized by erythema, edema, ecchymosis, necrosis, desquamation, fissuring, ulceration, alopecia, and scabbing. The female succumbing was emaciated at death; however, no signs of systemic toxicity were observed in the survivors (9/10) of 14-day post-treatment observation. Upon necropsy, the decedent female also exhibited bright red lungs. No gross lesions were identified in study survivors. Procedural appendices were not included with this submission and no further information regarding method or results was provided.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in rats (5/sex/group) exposed under static conditions to a substantially saturated vapor for terms of 11.2, 22.5, and 45 minutes. Four of 5 males and 5/5 females died during 45-minute exposures, the treatment-related mortality consistent with LT50's (with 95% confidence limits) of 35 (26-47) and 32 (23-44) minutes, respectively. Clinical signs of toxicity, observed both during and after the exposures, included labored breathing, wetness of periocular and perioral fur, hypoactivity, lacrimation, slowed breathing, ataxia, slow or negative surface righting reflex, and negative toe and tail pinch reflex. The survivors of all exposure levels recovered within 1 day post-exposure. Following 14-day observation, terminal necropsy of these animals revealed no gross lesions attributable to treatment. Conversely, red lungs, wetness or red discharge of perinasal and/or perioral fur, gas-filled stomachs, and liquid-filled trachea were observed among the study lethalities. Procedural appendices were not included with this submission and no further information regarding method or results was provided.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for primary dermal irritation in 6 rabbits (3/sex) administered 0.5 mL occluded percutaneous applications for 4 hours. A solitary female died of unknown causes at 7 days post-treatment; the mortality could not be related to treatment. No further indications of irritation or systemic effects were observed in any animal during 7-day post-treatment observation. Procedural appendices were not included with this submission and no further information regarding method or results was provided.

Ethyl propionate (CAS # 105-37-3) was evaluated for eye irritation in 6 rabbits, each administered a 0.1 mL instillation into one eye. By 4 hours post-instillation, iritis, moderate conjunctival irritation, with marked discharge were apparent in all treated eyes. Within 24 hours, 2/6 eyes appeared normal, while the rest displayed slight persistent conjunctival redness. All eyes were clear of any sign of irritation by 48 hours post-instillation. Procedural appendices were not included with this submission and no further information regarding method or results was provided.

Ethyl propionate's production and use as solvent, industrial process chemical, and flavoring agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Ethyl propionate is a common volatile found in fresh citrus fruits and juices, some whiskeys, and in Parna ham. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 35.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl propionate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl propionate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days. If released to soil, ethyl propionate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 12. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation in soil and water is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group. Ethyl propionate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, ethyl propionate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hrs and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 1.7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Estimated aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 2.5 years and 90 days have been calculated at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to ethyl propionate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl propionate is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ethyl propionate via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing ethyl propionate. Ethyl propionate is a common volatile found in fresh citrus fruits and juices. (SRC)

REPORTED FOUND IN SEVERAL TYPES OF WINE, IN WHITE GRAPE VAR SAUVIGNON AND IN COCOA.

Ethyl propionate is a common volatile found in certain fresh strawberries, citrus fruits and juices(1-7). It may also be formed during the growth of molds from damp buildings(1).

Ethyl propionate's production and use as a solvent, industrial process chemical, and flavoring agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl propionate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl propionate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 35.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.92X10+4 mg/l(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl propionate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35.8 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation in soil is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl propionate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 35.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19,200 mg/l(7). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.7(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.21(6) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation in water is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl propionate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.58X10+1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl propionate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.14X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

Biodegradation in soil and water is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl propionate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.14X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 8.9X10-2 L/mol-sec(2) corresponds to half-lives of 2.5 yrs and 90 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(3).

An estimated BCF of 1.7 was calculated for ethyl propionate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.21(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for ethyl propionate can be estimated to be about 12(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl propionate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl propionate is estimated as 2.51X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 35.8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 19,200 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl propionate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Ethyl propionate's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl propionate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35.8 mm Hg(1).

DRINKING WATER: Ethyl propionate was detected, not quantified in an English surface water sample (lowland river, location not specified) from which drinking water is derived(1).

SURFACE WATER: Ethyl propionate was detected, not quantified, in the Richenbach East Brook, which flows into Lake Constance in southwest Germany(1).

Ethyl propionate was one of the volatile compounds identified, not quantified, from kitchen waste exudate and in stored food exudates in a study conducted in Denmark(1). It was also detected in the liquid and headspace exudate from garden waste(2). Ethyl propionate was identified, not quantified as a minor volatile from poultry manure(3).

Ethyl propionate was detected at 0.20, 0.19, and 0.13 mg/100 ml in unprocessed, reverse osmosis processed, and water diluted whiskeys, respectively(1). The compound was also detected, not quantified, in headspace analyses of Sivetta variety strawberry samples held in a closed system(2). Ethyl propionate was one of the 27 volatile components identified, at a relative amount of 0.4%, in ripe Kiwi fruit from New Zealand and Australia(3). It is a volatile component of fresh grape fruit juice 0.0068 ppm(4), guava - 57.4 and 84.5 ug/kg in mature and overripe fruit, respectively(5). The compound was also identified as one of the 46 volatile components of both hand and mechanically extracted fresh orange juice from five different cultivars at a concn range of 0.0038 to 0.28 ppm(6). It has been identified not quantified in Concord grape essence(7) and as a volatile component of fresh, tree-ripened nectarines(8). Ethyl propionate was identified as a volatile in Italian-type dry-cured ham from a factory in Langhirano, Italy during processing at the following concns (day, condition, (mean concn in ng dodecane equiv)): 3, prior to salting, (0); 25, day dry salting, (0); 125, drying, (0); 211, first ripening, (1); 365, fully mature product (2); 485, post ripening, (3); not specified, spoiled sample, (41)(9).

An ethyl propionate concn of 0.14 ug/g was detected in a mussel (Mytilus edulis) sample collected at the Oarai Coast in Ibaraki, Japan on July 31, 1985(1).

Ethyl propionate may be formed during the growth of molds from damp buildings(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 374 workers are potentially exposed to ethyl propionate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl propionate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl propionate is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to ethyl propionate via iingestion of food and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl propionate(SRC).

Results from the National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) show that ethyl propionate was identified, not quantified, in 29 total adipose tissue samples, occurring in 4 samples from age group 0-14 yrs, 12 samples in age group 15-44, and 13 samples in age group 45 and older(1). Eleven samples from the US North Central region were positive, as were 4 from the Northeast, 12 from the South, and 2 from the West(1).

Ethyl propionate's production and use as solvent, industrial process chemical, and flavoring agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Ethyl propionate is a common volatile found in fresh citrus fruits and juices, some whiskeys, and in Parna ham. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 35.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl propionate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl propionate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days. If released to soil, ethyl propionate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 12. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation in soil and water is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group. Ethyl propionate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, ethyl propionate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hrs and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 1.7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Estimated aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 2.5 years and 90 days have been calculated at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to ethyl propionate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl propionate is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ethyl propionate via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products containing ethyl propionate. Ethyl propionate is a common volatile found in fresh citrus fruits and juices. (SRC)

REPORTED FOUND IN SEVERAL TYPES OF WINE, IN WHITE GRAPE VAR SAUVIGNON AND IN COCOA.

Ethyl propionate is a common volatile found in certain fresh strawberries, citrus fruits and juices(1-7). It may also be formed during the growth of molds from damp buildings(1).

Ethyl propionate's production and use as a solvent, industrial process chemical, and flavoring agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl propionate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl propionate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 35.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1.92X10+4 mg/l(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl propionate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35.8 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation in soil is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl propionate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 35.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19,200 mg/l(7). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 1.7(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.21(6) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation in water is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl propionate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.58X10+1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl propionate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.14X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

Biodegradation in soil and water is expected to be an important environmental fate process because of the presence of an easily biodegraded ester functional group(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl propionate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.14X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 8.9X10-2 L/mol-sec(2) corresponds to half-lives of 2.5 yrs and 90 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(3).

An estimated BCF of 1.7 was calculated for ethyl propionate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.21(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for ethyl propionate can be estimated to be about 12(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl propionate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl propionate is estimated as 2.51X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 35.8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 19,200 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl propionate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Ethyl propionate's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl propionate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35.8 mm Hg(1).

DRINKING WATER: Ethyl propionate was detected, not quantified in an English surface water sample (lowland river, location not specified) from which drinking water is derived(1).

SURFACE WATER: Ethyl propionate was detected, not quantified, in the Richenbach East Brook, which flows into Lake Constance in southwest Germany(1).

Ethyl propionate was one of the volatile compounds identified, not quantified, from kitchen waste exudate and in stored food exudates in a study conducted in Denmark(1). It was also detected in the liquid and headspace exudate from garden waste(2). Ethyl propionate was identified, not quantified as a minor volatile from poultry manure(3).

Ethyl propionate was detected at 0.20, 0.19, and 0.13 mg/100 ml in unprocessed, reverse osmosis processed, and water diluted whiskeys, respectively(1). The compound was also detected, not quantified, in headspace analyses of Sivetta variety strawberry samples held in a closed system(2). Ethyl propionate was one of the 27 volatile components identified, at a relative amount of 0.4%, in ripe Kiwi fruit from New Zealand and Australia(3). It is a volatile component of fresh grape fruit juice 0.0068 ppm(4), guava - 57.4 and 84.5 ug/kg in mature and overripe fruit, respectively(5). The compound was also identified as one of the 46 volatile components of both hand and mechanically extracted fresh orange juice from five different cultivars at a concn range of 0.0038 to 0.28 ppm(6). It has been identified not quantified in Concord grape essence(7) and as a volatile component of fresh, tree-ripened nectarines(8). Ethyl propionate was identified as a volatile in Italian-type dry-cured ham from a factory in Langhirano, Italy during processing at the following concns (day, condition, (mean concn in ng dodecane equiv)): 3, prior to salting, (0); 25, day dry salting, (0); 125, drying, (0); 211, first ripening, (1); 365, fully mature product (2); 485, post ripening, (3); not specified, spoiled sample, (41)(9).

An ethyl propionate concn of 0.14 ug/g was detected in a mussel (Mytilus edulis) sample collected at the Oarai Coast in Ibaraki, Japan on July 31, 1985(1).

Ethyl propionate may be formed during the growth of molds from damp buildings(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 374 workers are potentially exposed to ethyl propionate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl propionate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl propionate is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to ethyl propionate via iingestion of food and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl propionate(SRC).

Results from the National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) show that ethyl propionate was identified, not quantified, in 29 total adipose tissue samples, occurring in 4 samples from age group 0-14 yrs, 12 samples in age group 15-44, and 13 samples in age group 45 and older(1). Eleven samples from the US North Central region were positive, as were 4 from the Northeast, 12 from the South, and 2 from the West(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYL PROPIONATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid