Ethyl chloroacetate

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (80%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301+H331 (40%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (95.8%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (63.1%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (37.3%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (58.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (63.1%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (79.2%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (95.4%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (99.6%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 260 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Not Classified

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

INHALATION: remove patient to fresh air; get medical attention.

EYES: flush with copious quantities of water for at least 15 min.; get medical attention if irritation persists.

SKIN: wash with soap and water.

INGESTION: give large amount of water and induce vomiting; get medical attention. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, dry powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

To fight fire, use water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water form as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered plastic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ...

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from incompatible materials and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

2.6 [mg/m3]

28 [mg/m3]

170 [mg/m3]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The substance is moderately irritating to the skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

Organic canister mask; rubber gloves; chemical goggles. (USCG, 1999)

ORGANIC CANISTER MASK; RUBBER GLOVES; CHEMICAL GOGGLES.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 53 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Ethyl chloroacetate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 100 °F. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Liquid; CBI

Clear liquid with fruity odor; [Hawley]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Water-white mobile liq

Fruity pungent odor

Pungent odor

289 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

144-146 °C

144.2 °C

144 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-15 °F (USCG, 1999)

100 °F (USCG, 1999)

147 °F (64 °C) (OPEN CUP)

53 °C c.c.

Insol in water; miscible with alc, ether

Sol in benzene

Insoluble in water, miscible in ethanol, acetone and ethyl ether

Miscible in oxygenated solvents

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 1.23

1.15 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.1498 @ 20 °C/4 °C

1.15 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.01

1.145 @25 °C

4.23-4.46

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.2

4.87 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg @ 37.5 °C

4.87 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 450

10 [mm Hg] @37.5 °C

log Kow = 0.94

(calculated)

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, IT EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF /HYDROGEN CHLORIDE/.

2.93X10-3 Pa.s @ 247.15 K

-7,250 BTU/LB= -2,028 CAL/G= -168X10+5 JOULES/KG

4.94X10+7 J/kmol @ 247.15 K

3.77X10-2 N/m @ 247.15 K

Index of refraction: 1.4227 @ 20 °C/D

Highly flammable. Slow hydrolysis to acidic products will cause slow corrosion of common metals. No hazard involved. (USCG, 1999).

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

ETHYL CHLOROACETATE is a chlorinated ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

... CAN REACT VIGOROUSLY WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS. WILL REACT WITH WATER OR STEAM TO PRODUCE TOXIC & CORROSIVE FUMES. VIGOROUS REACTION WITH SODIUM CYANIDE.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation of the tongue. Nausea. Abdominal pain. Vomiting.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 765 ppm/4h

LD50 Mouse sc 250 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 230 mg/kg

.../ETHYL CHLOROACETATE IS AMONG HALOGENATED ACID ESTERS WHICH HAVE/ POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCING PULMONARY EDEMA.

...POTENT LACRIMATOR.

SUMMARY TOXICITY STATEMENT /ACUTE/ MODERATE IRRITATION VIA ORAL & INHALATION ROUTES. MODERATE= MAY CAUSE REVERSIBLE OR IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES TO EXPOSED TISSUE, NOT PERMANENT INJURY OR DEATH; CAN CAUSE CONSIDERABLE DISCOMFORT.

IT IS MODERATELY STRONG IRRITANT TO GUINEA PIG SKIN...

.../ETHYL CHLOROACETATE/ TESTED BY DROP APPLICATION TO RABBIT EYES CAUSED SEVERE DAMAGE SIMILAR TO THAT CAUSED BY AMMONIA, GRADED 9 ON SCALE OF 1 TO 10 AFTER 24 HR... RATED ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY...PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10.

IN STRAIN A MICE, ETHYL CHLOROACETATE WAS CONSIDERED BORDERLINE TUMORIGENIC COMPD, PRODUCING ELEVATED LUNG TUMOR RESPONSE WHICH WAS SIGNIFICANT BY ONLY 1 STATISTICAL TEST USED.

Ethyl chloroacetate (CAS# 105-39-5) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in male and female rats at dose levels of 2.20, 3.81, 5.84, and 4.44 mg/L for one-hour. Mortality ratios were 0/5 M, 0/5 F; 1/5 M, 3/5 F; 2/5 M, 3/5 F; and 5/5 M, 5/5 F, respectively. The estimated LC50 value was 4.65 mg/L (927 ppm).

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Ethyl chloroacetate's production and use in organic synthesis, vat dyestuff, and military poison may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl chloroacetate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl chloroacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 days. If released to soil, ethyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 12. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl chloroacetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions and will be an important fate process. If released into water, ethyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 15 hr and 11 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to ethyl chloroacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl chloroacetate is produced or used. (SRC)

Ethyl chloroacetate's production and use in organic synthesis, vat dyestuff, and military poison(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg(5). Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis products could include ethyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, both very soluble in water. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ester would yield products similar to acid hydrolysates except the chloroacetic acid would be in salt form. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis could result in the substitution of an OH group for the chlorine atom resulting in the production of glycolic acid in its salt form. Glycolic acid is water soluble as well as being susceptible to biodegradation(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 15 hr and 11 days, respectively(SRC). Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis products could include ethyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, both very soluble in water. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ester would yield products similar to acid hydrolysates except the chloroacetic acid would be in salt form. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis could result in the substitution of an OH group for the chlorine atom resulting in the production of glycolic acid in its salt form. Glycolic acid is water soluble as well as being susceptible to biodegradation(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl chloroacetate, which has a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl chloroacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl chloroacetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 9 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 9 days and 22 hr at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Ethyl chloroacetate will hydrolyze in water with an ionic strength of 1.0 at pH 7 and 25 °C with a half-life of 74 days(4). Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis products could include ethyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, both very soluble in water. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ester would yield products similar to acid hydrolysates except the chloroacetic acid would be in salt form. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis could result in the substitution of an OH group for the chlorine atom resulting in the production of glycolic acid in its salt form. Glycolic acid is water soluble as well as being susceptible to biodegradation(5).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for ethyl chloroacetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of ethyl chloroacetate is estimated as 12(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl chloroacetate is estimated as 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 15 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 11 days(SRC). Ethyl chloroacetate's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 919 workers (306 of these are female) are potentially exposed to ethyl chloroacetate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl chloroacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl chloroacetate is produced or used(SRC).

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Ethyl chloroacetate's production and use in organic synthesis, vat dyestuff, and military poison may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl chloroacetate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl chloroacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 days. If released to soil, ethyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 12. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl chloroacetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions and will be an important fate process. If released into water, ethyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 15 hr and 11 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to ethyl chloroacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl chloroacetate is produced or used. (SRC)

Ethyl chloroacetate's production and use in organic synthesis, vat dyestuff, and military poison(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg(5). Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis products could include ethyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, both very soluble in water. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ester would yield products similar to acid hydrolysates except the chloroacetic acid would be in salt form. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis could result in the substitution of an OH group for the chlorine atom resulting in the production of glycolic acid in its salt form. Glycolic acid is water soluble as well as being susceptible to biodegradation(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 15 hr and 11 days, respectively(SRC). Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis products could include ethyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, both very soluble in water. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ester would yield products similar to acid hydrolysates except the chloroacetic acid would be in salt form. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis could result in the substitution of an OH group for the chlorine atom resulting in the production of glycolic acid in its salt form. Glycolic acid is water soluble as well as being susceptible to biodegradation(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl chloroacetate, which has a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl chloroacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl chloroacetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 9 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 9 days and 22 hr at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Ethyl chloroacetate will hydrolyze in water with an ionic strength of 1.0 at pH 7 and 25 °C with a half-life of 74 days(4). Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis products could include ethyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, both very soluble in water. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ester would yield products similar to acid hydrolysates except the chloroacetic acid would be in salt form. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis could result in the substitution of an OH group for the chlorine atom resulting in the production of glycolic acid in its salt form. Glycolic acid is water soluble as well as being susceptible to biodegradation(5).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for ethyl chloroacetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of ethyl chloroacetate is estimated as 12(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl chloroacetate is estimated as 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 15 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 11 days(SRC). Ethyl chloroacetate's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 919 workers (306 of these are female) are potentially exposed to ethyl chloroacetate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl chloroacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl chloroacetate is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYL CHLOROACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1181; Ethyl chloroacetate

IMO 6.1; Ethyl chloroacetate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/24/25-50; S: (1/2)-7/9-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: II