Ethyl butyrate

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (6 of 2073) of reports.

H226 (99.7%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H319 (13.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264+P265, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2073 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 6 of 2073 reports by companies.

There are 12 notifications provided by 2067 of 2073 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

INHALATION: move victim to fresh air and call a physician; give artificial respiration if necessary.

INGESTION: induce vomiting and call a physician.

EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.

SKIN: flush with water; wash with soap and water. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Vapor is heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Containers may explode in fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

All-purpose canister mask or chemical cartridge respirator; glass or face shield; rubber gloves (USCG, 1999)

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Body Protection: Impervious clothing. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Ethyl butyrate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pineapple-like odor. Flash point 78 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with an odor of pineapple; [Merck Index]

Colourless liquid with a banana, pineapple odour

Colorless liquid

Pineapple odor

Sweet, pineapple taste

Can be tasted in water at a level of 0.450 ppm and at 0.015 ppm in milk

250 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

120-121 °C

120.00 to 121.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

-135 °F (USCG, 1999)

-93.3 °C

75 °F (USCG, 1999)

75 °F (24 °C) Closed cup

In water, 4.9X10+3 mg/L at 20 °C

Soluble in about 150 parts water

Slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride; soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether

Miscible with alcohol, ether

4.9 mg/mL at 20 °C

Soluble in fixed oils and propylene glycol, insoluble in glycerol

1ml in 3ml 60% ethanol (in ethanol)

0.879 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8735 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Density of saturated air: 1.08 (Air = 1)

0.870-0.877

4.0 (Air = 1)

12.8 [mmHg]

14.0 mm Hg at 20 °C

Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.

865 °F (USCG, 1999)

865 °F, 463 °C

When heated to decomposition emits acrid fumes and irritating fumes.

0.639 mPa.s at 25 °C

851.2 kcal at 20 °C

42.68 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Acid value: 1.0 (max)

23.94 mN/m at 25 °C

Index of refraction: 1.3898 at 25 °C

1.391-1.394

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Highly Flammable

ETHYL BUTYRATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. May attack some forms of plastics (USCG, 1999).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethyl Butyrate is a colorless liquid. It is used in manufacturing artificial rum; perfumery; the alcoholic solution constitutes the so-called "pineapple oil". It is also used in flavoring extracts, solvent mixture for cellulose esters and ethers. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Tested at 5% in petrolatum, ethyl butyrate produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test in 25 human subjects. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ethyl butyrate applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating. In rabbits admin of 2.14 mL/kg caused increase in respiratory volume. In vitro it has been shown to have a hemolytic effect slightly greater than that of methyl butyrate.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

0-15 MG/KG

LD50 Rat oral 13 g/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 5228 mg/kg

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A maximization test ... on 25 volunteers at a concentration of 5% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Tested at 5% in petrolatum, ethyl butyrate produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test in 25 human subjects.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Oral admin to dogs of 3 g in 60 mL of water caused no toxic effects ... .

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Ethyl butyrate applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was moderately irritating.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... In rabbits admin of 2.14 mL/kg caused ... increase in respiratory vol ... intravenous injection, for dogs, 177-222 mg/kg ... had no ... effect ... .

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ In vitro it has been shown to have a hemolytic effect slightly greater than that of methyl butyrate.

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of April 22, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

EC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1000000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, assimilation efficiency /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: 755000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulated product/

Ethyl n-butyrate's production and use in manufacturing artificial rum, in perfumery, as a flavoring ingredient and as a solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Ethyl n-butyrate occurs naturally in some plants and is produced from garden and household waste. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 14.0 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl n-butyrate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl n-butyrate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days. Ethyl n-butyrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethyl n-butyrate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 20. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, ethyl n-butyrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hrs and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 8 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process with base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis half-lives of 3.5 years and 130 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to ethyl n-butyrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl n-butyrate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-ethyl butyrate via ingestion of food and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl n-butyrate.(SRC)

Ethyl n-butyrate is a natural product of certain plants and has been detected in the volatile components from the following natural foods: U.S. blue cheese(1); Beaufort mountain cheese(2); dalieb fruit (Borassus aethiopum L.)(3); ripening bananas(4); commercial and concentrated aqueous orange essences(5); Concord grape essence(6); tree-ripened nectarines(7); and ripening kiwi fruit(8). Ethyl butyrate occurs naturally in some plants(9). The compound was detected in volatiles of garden waste exudate(10) and biodegradable household waste(11).

Reported found in olive oil and other vegetable oils. Reported found in apple, banana, citrus peel oils and juices, cranberry, blueberry, black currants, guava, grapes, papaya, strawberry, onion, leek, cheeses, chicken beef, beer, cognac, rum, whiskies, cider, sherry, grape wines, coffee, honey, soybeans, olives, passion fruit, plums, mushrroms, mango, fruit brandies, kiwifruit, mussels and pawpaw.

Ethyl n-butyrate occurs naturally in brewer's yeast.

Ethyl n-butyrate's production and use in manufacturing artificial rum, in perfumery(1), as a flavoring ingredient and as a solvent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nbutyrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl n-butyrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 14.0 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 4,900 mg/L(4). Ethyl n-butyrate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl n-butyrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 14.0 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 4,900 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.85(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl n-butyrate, which has a vapor pressure of 14 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl n-butyrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Ethyl n-butyrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl n-butyrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 4.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 6.3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 3.5 years and 130 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Ethyl n-butyrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 8 was calculated in fish for ethyl n-butyrate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.85(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethyl n-butyrate can be estimated to be 20(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl n-butyrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl n-butyrate is estimated as 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 14.0 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 4,900 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl n-butyrate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Ethyl n-butyrate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl n-butyrate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Ethyl n-butyrate was detected, not quantified in one of eight weakly polluted small rivers and brooks in southwest Germany which flow into Lake Constance(1).

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected not quantified in 9 year old leachate from a municipal waste disposal site in Ambt-Delden and Wijster, The Netherlands. The Ambt-Delden leachate was in the acidification stage (pH 5.7, BOD 30,000 mg/L O2). It was not detected in 2 year old leachate from municipal waste disposal site (Wijster, The Netherlands) which was in the methane fermentation stage (pH 7.0, BO 50 mg/L O2)(1). The compound was present at 0.08 ug/cu m in the volatile components of emissions of a European waste incineration plant(2). Ethyl n-butyrate was released during composting of food residue, yard trimmings, agricultural and wood waste at a composting operation in Joyceville, Ontario, Canada, monitored between May and July 1996(3). Ethyl n-butyrate was present at <5 ppbv in the volatiles recovered at 30, 50, and 70 cm depth from the Case Passerini landfill, Florence, Italy(4).

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected, not quantified, in the following foods (detection limits listed if specified in source): U.S. blue cheese aroma fraction(1); Beaufort mountain cheese volatiles(2); volatile flavor components of dalieb fruit (Borassus aethiopum L.)(3); volatiles of ripening bananas (qualitatively detected 120 hours after unripened bananas were placed in glass test chamber; relative concentration increased after initially detected through end of experiment - 10 days)(4); commercial and concentrated aqueous orange essences(5); Concord grape essence(6); tree-ripened nectarines(7). It was detected in the volatile components of ripening kiwi fruit at levels of 0.6% of the volatiles in mature fruit and 14.2% of the volatiles in ripe fruit(8).

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne's pocket melon (Cycumis melo, L. Cucurbitaceae) at 900 and 206.5 ug/kg equivalent of 2-octanol, respectively(1). It is present at 0.31 ug/kg fruit of Pineapple guava (Feihoa sellowiana Berg) and has been reported in volatiles of common guava (Psidium guajava , L.) and strawberry or yellow guava(Psidium cattleianum var)(2). Ethyl n-butyrate, present at 0.033 ppm, is a volatile flavor component of fresh grapefruit juice,(3). The compound was detected in Japanese muskmelon (var Miyabi) (Cucumis melo), contributing a grape-like odor(4). Ethyl n-butyrate concentrations in volatiles from fresh, hand-pressed, unpasteurized orange juice were (variety, ppm): Valencia, 0.84; Pineapple, 0.82; Hamlin, 0.70; navel, trace; Pera, 0.11; Ambersweet, 0.81(5). Ethyl n-butyrate was detected, not quantified in headspace volatiles of cabernet sauvignon wines from Napa Valley, CA(6).

Ethyl n-butyrate detections in plants(1).[Table#1219]

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected at a concentration of 0.29 ppm in a sample of mussel (Mytilus edulis) collected on July 31, 1985 at the Oarai Coast in Ibaraki, Japan(1). It was not detected (detection limit not specified) in a sample of mussel collected at the same location on July 31, 1986(1). The compound was detected at in volatile components in salt-fermented pastes: 3740 ng/g anchovy (Engraulis japonica); 10,400 ng/g big-eyed herring (Harengula zunasi); and 74.9 ng/g hair-tail (Trichiurus japonica). It was not detected in shrimp paste (Acetes chinensis). Samples were obtained from a fish market in Masan, Korea(2).

ENVIRONMENTAL: Ethyl n-butyrate was identified as one of the volatile compounds from milk(1).

Ethyl n-butyrate emissions from dairy silages and other feedstuffs at a dairy operation in San Joaquin Valley, California (source, nL/L): corn silage, 2.38; alfalfa silage, 0.64; cereal silage, 0.50; high moisture ground corn, 0.43; total mixed ration feed, 1.08(1). It has been identified as a component of tobacco and tobacco smoke(2).

Ethyl n-butryate was detected, not quantified in volatiles from kitchen waste, kitchen waste exudate, and stored food exudate(1). It was detected, not quantified in volatiles from Pennicillium commune, an indoor mold species from damp buildings(2). The compound was detected in volatiles of garden waste exudate(3) and biodegradable household waste(4).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of ethyl n-butyrate in the United States may be as low as 50 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

EC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1000000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, assimilation efficiency /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: 755000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulated product/

Ethyl n-butyrate's production and use in manufacturing artificial rum, in perfumery, as a flavoring ingredient and as a solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Ethyl n-butyrate occurs naturally in some plants and is produced from garden and household waste. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 14.0 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl n-butyrate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl n-butyrate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days. Ethyl n-butyrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethyl n-butyrate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 20. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, ethyl n-butyrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hrs and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 8 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process with base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis half-lives of 3.5 years and 130 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to ethyl n-butyrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl n-butyrate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-ethyl butyrate via ingestion of food and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl n-butyrate.(SRC)

Ethyl n-butyrate is a natural product of certain plants and has been detected in the volatile components from the following natural foods: U.S. blue cheese(1); Beaufort mountain cheese(2); dalieb fruit (Borassus aethiopum L.)(3); ripening bananas(4); commercial and concentrated aqueous orange essences(5); Concord grape essence(6); tree-ripened nectarines(7); and ripening kiwi fruit(8). Ethyl butyrate occurs naturally in some plants(9). The compound was detected in volatiles of garden waste exudate(10) and biodegradable household waste(11).

Reported found in olive oil and other vegetable oils. Reported found in apple, banana, citrus peel oils and juices, cranberry, blueberry, black currants, guava, grapes, papaya, strawberry, onion, leek, cheeses, chicken beef, beer, cognac, rum, whiskies, cider, sherry, grape wines, coffee, honey, soybeans, olives, passion fruit, plums, mushrroms, mango, fruit brandies, kiwifruit, mussels and pawpaw.

Ethyl n-butyrate occurs naturally in brewer's yeast.

Ethyl n-butyrate's production and use in manufacturing artificial rum, in perfumery(1), as a flavoring ingredient and as a solvent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl nbutyrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl n-butyrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 14.0 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 4,900 mg/L(4). Ethyl n-butyrate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 20(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl n-butyrate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 14.0 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 4,900 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.85(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl n-butyrate, which has a vapor pressure of 14 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl n-butyrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Ethyl n-butyrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Ethyl n-butyrate has been classified as readily biodegradable as estimated by results from analogous compounds in the Japanese MITI test(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl n-butyrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 4.94X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 6.3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 3.5 years and 130 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Ethyl n-butyrate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 8 was calculated in fish for ethyl n-butyrate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.85(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethyl n-butyrate can be estimated to be 20(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl n-butyrate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl n-butyrate is estimated as 4.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 14.0 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 4,900 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl n-butyrate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Ethyl n-butyrate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl n-butyrate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Ethyl n-butyrate was detected, not quantified in one of eight weakly polluted small rivers and brooks in southwest Germany which flow into Lake Constance(1).

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected not quantified in 9 year old leachate from a municipal waste disposal site in Ambt-Delden and Wijster, The Netherlands. The Ambt-Delden leachate was in the acidification stage (pH 5.7, BOD 30,000 mg/L O2). It was not detected in 2 year old leachate from municipal waste disposal site (Wijster, The Netherlands) which was in the methane fermentation stage (pH 7.0, BO 50 mg/L O2)(1). The compound was present at 0.08 ug/cu m in the volatile components of emissions of a European waste incineration plant(2). Ethyl n-butyrate was released during composting of food residue, yard trimmings, agricultural and wood waste at a composting operation in Joyceville, Ontario, Canada, monitored between May and July 1996(3). Ethyl n-butyrate was present at <5 ppbv in the volatiles recovered at 30, 50, and 70 cm depth from the Case Passerini landfill, Florence, Italy(4).

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected, not quantified, in the following foods (detection limits listed if specified in source): U.S. blue cheese aroma fraction(1); Beaufort mountain cheese volatiles(2); volatile flavor components of dalieb fruit (Borassus aethiopum L.)(3); volatiles of ripening bananas (qualitatively detected 120 hours after unripened bananas were placed in glass test chamber; relative concentration increased after initially detected through end of experiment - 10 days)(4); commercial and concentrated aqueous orange essences(5); Concord grape essence(6); tree-ripened nectarines(7). It was detected in the volatile components of ripening kiwi fruit at levels of 0.6% of the volatiles in mature fruit and 14.2% of the volatiles in ripe fruit(8).

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected in the skin and pulp of Queen Anne's pocket melon (Cycumis melo, L. Cucurbitaceae) at 900 and 206.5 ug/kg equivalent of 2-octanol, respectively(1). It is present at 0.31 ug/kg fruit of Pineapple guava (Feihoa sellowiana Berg) and has been reported in volatiles of common guava (Psidium guajava , L.) and strawberry or yellow guava(Psidium cattleianum var)(2). Ethyl n-butyrate, present at 0.033 ppm, is a volatile flavor component of fresh grapefruit juice,(3). The compound was detected in Japanese muskmelon (var Miyabi) (Cucumis melo), contributing a grape-like odor(4). Ethyl n-butyrate concentrations in volatiles from fresh, hand-pressed, unpasteurized orange juice were (variety, ppm): Valencia, 0.84; Pineapple, 0.82; Hamlin, 0.70; navel, trace; Pera, 0.11; Ambersweet, 0.81(5). Ethyl n-butyrate was detected, not quantified in headspace volatiles of cabernet sauvignon wines from Napa Valley, CA(6).

Ethyl n-butyrate detections in plants(1).[Table#1219]

Ethyl n-butyrate was detected at a concentration of 0.29 ppm in a sample of mussel (Mytilus edulis) collected on July 31, 1985 at the Oarai Coast in Ibaraki, Japan(1). It was not detected (detection limit not specified) in a sample of mussel collected at the same location on July 31, 1986(1). The compound was detected at in volatile components in salt-fermented pastes: 3740 ng/g anchovy (Engraulis japonica); 10,400 ng/g big-eyed herring (Harengula zunasi); and 74.9 ng/g hair-tail (Trichiurus japonica). It was not detected in shrimp paste (Acetes chinensis). Samples were obtained from a fish market in Masan, Korea(2).

ENVIRONMENTAL: Ethyl n-butyrate was identified as one of the volatile compounds from milk(1).

Ethyl n-butyrate emissions from dairy silages and other feedstuffs at a dairy operation in San Joaquin Valley, California (source, nL/L): corn silage, 2.38; alfalfa silage, 0.64; cereal silage, 0.50; high moisture ground corn, 0.43; total mixed ration feed, 1.08(1). It has been identified as a component of tobacco and tobacco smoke(2).

Ethyl n-butryate was detected, not quantified in volatiles from kitchen waste, kitchen waste exudate, and stored food exudate(1). It was detected, not quantified in volatiles from Pennicillium commune, an indoor mold species from damp buildings(2). The compound was detected in volatiles of garden waste exudate(3) and biodegradable household waste(4).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of ethyl n-butyrate in the United States may be as low as 50 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 33,645 workers (10,782 of these are female) were potentially exposed to ethyl n-butyrate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl n-butyrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl n-butyrate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethyl n-butyrate via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl n-butyrate(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYL N-BUTYRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1180; Ethyl butyrate

IMO 3; Ethyl butyrate

49 091 32; Ethyl butyrate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid