Nitrogen oxide (N2O4)

H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing gases]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P220, P244, P260, P264, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P320, P321, P363, P370+P376, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H270 (100%): May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing gases]

H280 (81.9%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (22.5%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (18.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (18.1%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P220, P244, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P363, P370+P376, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 204 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P220, P244, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P363, P370+P376, P403, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

INHALATION: remove patient to fresh air and have him breathe as deeply as possible; call a doctor; enforce complete rest for 24-48 hours; keep warm; give oxygen if coughing starts; physician may administer morphine (10 mg.)

EYES AND

SKIN: flush with water for at least 15 min. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Stop flow of gas (USCG, 1999)

Extinguish surrounding fire using suitable agent. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors. /Nitrogen oxides/

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Nitrogen oxides/

Nitrogen oxides enhance the activity of an existing fire. /Nitrogen oxides/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.

· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

· Ventilate the area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1067 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· See Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 400 m (1250 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.4 km (0.3 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.4 km (0.9 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 3.3 km (2.1 mi)

Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Stop or control the leak if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to disperse vapors and protect personnel. Approach release from upwind. Runoff of less volatile nitrogen oxides may contain highly corrosive nitric acid. /Nitrogen oxides/

1. Ventilate area of spill or leak to disperse gas. 2. If in the liquid form, allow to vaporize. 3. If in the gaseous form, stop flow of gas. If source of leak is a cylinder and the leak cannot be stopped in place, remove the leaking cylinder to a safe place in the open air, and repair the leak or allow the cylinder to empty.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Nitrogen tetroxide is a poor candidate for incineration.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 124 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive - Oxidizing]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. Ventilate the area. (ERG, 2024)

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from oxidizable materials. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Do not put on wooden floors. /Nitrogen oxides/

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from oxidizable materials. Outside or detached storage is preferred. /Nitrogen oxides/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

0.25 [ppm]

6.2 [ppm]

10 [ppm]

CAUTION: These materials do not burn but will support combustion. Some will react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Contain fire and let burn. If fire must be fought, water spray or fog is recommended.

· Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

Fire Involving Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Rubber gloves; safety goggles and face shield; protective clothing; acid gas canister respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)

It is essential to provide space workers handling /nitrogen tetroxide/ whole body protection ... not only to the respiratory system, but the skin as well ... A new method /is described/ for powering a whole body protective garment to assure the safety of ground servicing crews ... The new technology employs the storage of the supply air as a supercritical gas ... This supercritical air (and oxygen) technology is suggested for microgravity applications in life support such as the Extravehicular Mobility Unit.

Vendor recommendations concerning the protective qualities of materials are as follows: Butyl, polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene and CR-39 received excellent or good ratings from less than three vendors (no fair or poor ratings), and good or fair ratings, with good ratings predominating, from several vendors; Polyvinyl chloride received fair or poor ratings from three or more vendors; Chlorobutyl received excellent or good ratings from three or more vendors.

Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 20 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. Eye protection needed. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. /Nitrogen dioxide/

Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Nitrogen dioxide/

Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted canister providing protection against the compound of concern. Only nonoxidizable sorbents are allowed (not charcoal). Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Nitrogen dioxide/

Nitrogen tetroxide appears as red-brown liquid with a sharp, unpleasant chemical odor. Low-boiling (boiling point 21.15 °C) and held as a liquid by compression. Density 1.448 g / cm3. Consists of an equilibrium mixture of brown NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and colorless N2O4 (dinitrogen tetroxide). Evolves poisonous brown vapors. Cylinders and ton containers may not be equipped with a safety relief device. Prolonged exposure of the containers to fire or heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing.

Colorless gas; [HSDB] Red-brown liquid with a sharp unpleasant odor (kept liquid by compression); bp = 21.15 deg C; [CAMEO]

Colorless gas

Yellow liquid below 22 °C

Colorless liquid; equilibrium with NO2

Brown liquid under pressure /Nitrogen dioxide/

70.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

21.15 °C

21.15 °C @760 [mm Hg]

11.8 °F (USCG, 1999)

-11.2 °C

Reacts with water

1.45 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.45 g/cu cm at 20 °C

1.493 @ 20°C

1551 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

904.0 [mmHg]

9.04X10+2 mm Hg at 25 °C

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitroxides/.

Corrosive liquid

Molar enthalpy of vaporization: 38.12 kJ/mol at 21.15 °C

In contact with vapor 27.5 dynes/cm at 19.8 °C

GAS REACTS WITH WATER TO FORM MIXTURE OF NITROUS ACID & NITRIC ACID

0.532 ppm = 1 mg/cu m; 1 ppm = 1.88 mg/cu m at 25 °C and 760 mm Hg

Molar enthalpy of fusion: 14.65 kJ/mol at -9.3 °C

Dielectric constant 2.44 at 293.2 K

Critical volume: 167 cu cm/mol

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Oxidizers

Reacts with water to form nitric acid and nitric oxide.

Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

Liquid NITROGEN TETROXIDE is an oxidizing agent consisting of an equilibrium mixture of colorless dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) and red-brown nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The exact composition of the mixture depends on the temperature with higher temperature favoring conversion to NO2. Vaporizes readily to give NO2, also an oxidizing agent. Noncombustible but can accelerate the burning of combustible materials. Reacts with reducing agents to generate heat and products that may be gaseous (causing pressurization of closed containers). The products may themselves be capable of further reactions (such as combustion in the air). Reacts with alkalis to form nitrates and nitrites [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Corrodes steel if wet, but can be stored in steel cylinders if dry [Merck]. Reacts explosively with liquid ammonia even at very low temperatures (below its freezing point) [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 8, 54]. Reacts energetically with boron trichloride [Mellor, 1946, Vol. 5, 132]. Mixtures with metal carbonyls are hypergolic (enflame immediately). Mixtures with halocarbons, hydrazine derivatives, heterocyclic bases (pyridine), isopropyl nitrite/propyl nitrite, active metals (magnesium, calcium, etc.), nitroaromatics, nitrogen trichloride, phosphorus, triethylamine, unsaturated hydrocarbons may react explosively. Accidental mixing with hot cyclohexane caused an explosion [MCA Case History 128. 1962]. A mixture with acetonitrile and indium showed no evidence of change for a time and then detonated when shaken (ascribed to the catalyzed oxidation of acetonitrile) [Chem. & Ind., 1958, 1004]. Mixture with alcohols produced a violent explosion [Chem. Eng. News, 1955, 33, 2372]. Vapor reacts with barium oxide incandescently [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 8, 545]. A slow reaction between the vapor and formaldehyde became explosive near 180 °C [Trans. Faraday Soc. 45:767-770. 1949]. Manganese and potassium both ignite in the vapor [Ann. Chem. et Phys.(2) 2:317]. The vapor and ozone react with the evolution of light and often explode when mixed [J. Chem. Phys. 18:366. 1920].

Stong oxidizers that enhance the combustion of easily oxidized materials, reducing agents, combustibles, organics. /Nitrogen oxides/

The oxides of nitrogen react with a broad range of materials, and decomposition may occur under certain conditions. /Nitrogen oxides/

A violent explosion ocurred during the ready interaction to produce alkyl nitrates.

Liquid ammonia reacts explosively with the solid tetraoxide at -80 °C, while aqueous ammonia reacts vigorously with the gas at ambient temperature.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Nitrogen tetroxide (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137)

Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)

Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 105 mg/m3

LC50 Rabbit inhalation 315 ppm/15 min Note: this study refers to the mixture of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen tetroxide. The exposure measurements are related to ppm nitrogen dioxide and does not set the LC50 for nitrogen tetroxide as such.

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)

To investigate the protective effect and its mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by exposure to high concentration rocket liquid propellants asymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and dinitrogen tetroxide (N(2)O(4)) ... 42 (male Sprague-Dawley) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the exposure group and the exposure plus the treatment group (NAC group). The rats of the latter two groups were exposed to UDMH 0.98 mg/L for 10 min and then N(2)O(4) 0.19 mg/L for another 10 min. After the exposure, the NAC group rats received immediately 150 mg/kg of NAC intravenously, and reenforced by intraperitoneal injection of NAC with a dose of 50 mg/kg 3 hr after the intravenous injection. The rats of other group were treated with saline in equal volume. All rats were killed after 6 hr. The lung wet to dry ratio (W/D ), the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in lung tissue, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) of plasma were measured. Pathological examination was performed. RESULTS: The lung W/D ratio, the LDH and total protein in BALF, and the MDA of plasma were increased in the exposure group, while the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in lung tissue were decreased. The histopathology of the rats of exposure groups showed that there was exudation within alveolar spaces and prominent interstitial thickening of septa. In the NAC group, the values of the above findings were lowered, and the degree of lung injury was alleviated in histopathology. The lung W/D were negatively correlated with the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in lung tissue, and the correlation coefficient were -0662 (P < 0.01) and -0707(P < 0.01) respectively. CONCLUSION: The administration of NAC appears to attenuate the injury to the lung after an exposure to UDMH and N(2)O(4) in high concentration, and the antioxidant activity of NAC may be responsible for the protective effect.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Related Compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be needed. Encourage patient to take deep breaths. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first signs of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Related Compounds/

Emergency and supportive treatment. Observe closely for signs of upper-airway obstruction and intubate the trachea and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer humidified supplemental oxygen. observe symptomatic victims for a minimum of 24 hours after exposure and treat chemical pneumonia and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema if they occur. /Nitrogen oxides/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Nitrogen tetroxide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Most experience on human exposure appears from farmers getting the so-called "silo-fillers disease", a silage gas poisoning. The fixed nitrates of certain crops, especially corn, may be much increased under conditions of drought, premature harvest, or heavy sunlight. In the warm, moist silo, clouds of /nitroxides/, predominantly nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen tetroxide, may be released. A worker entering the silo within a week of ensilage may inhale exceedingly high concentrations of these gases. The clinical picture is the same as for heavy nitrogen dioxide exposure, with pulmonary edema as the worst consequence.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /Nitrogen tetroxide liquid/ ... Can be expected to cause severe burns on even brief contact with the skin or eyes.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ During the breaking of many glass ampules of pure nitrate-free nitrogen dioxide-nitrogen tetroxide ... whenever liquid or concentrated gas came in contact with dry skin corrosion resulted. Corroded area had same appearance that results from contact with nitric acid or its concentrated vapors except ... not as intense. /Nitrogen dioxide-Nitrogen tetroxide/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Only very high vapor concentrations induce prompt or immediate distress. Usually there are no symptoms at the time of exposure, except perhaps for a slight and transient cough, mild fatigue, and brief nausea. The acute danger period arises 5 to 72 hr later, when a slowly evolving but progressive inflammation of the lungs causes profuse exudation into the alveolar spaces. Fluid loss from the blood produces massive pulmonary edema and severe hemoconcentration. Because of impaired gas exchange in the lungs, breathing becomes rapid and cyanosis becomes intense. Death is usually due to asphyxia within a few hr after respiratory symptoms begin. /Nitrogen oxides/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Nitrogen tetroxide (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ To investigate the characteristics of acute and chronic injuries of the nitrogen tetroxide ... 128 male (Wistar) rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: acute control group (56), acute nitrogen tetroxide intoxication group (56), long-term response group (8). The animals were killed sequentially at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr. Nitrogen tetroxide was administrated through inhalation at the concentration of 81 mg/cu m for 15 min. Chronic injuries and pathologic changes were also observed one year after the intoxication. Pulmonary edema was the main pathological changes after intoxication, complicated with partial hemorrhage. Data acquired from long-term observations showed 75% pulmonary fibrosis and one case of adenocarcinoma of lung ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Methemoglobin levels in rats incr from 1.9% to 36.7% & 54.8% total blood hemoglobin @ 1 hr following application of nitrogen tetroxide to skin.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ No data on the ecotoxicology of nitrogen tetroxide have been found in the literature ... In water, nitrogen tetroxide will decompose to nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3), and the aquatic toxicity should be equal to the water concentrations of these substances due to the decomposition of the actual concentrations of nitrogen tetroxide.

Volatile organics and nitrogen oxides are emitted by transportation and industrial sources. Oxides of nitrogen are emitted in the combustion of fossil fuels. /Nitrogen oxides/

... RELEASED IN REACTION BETWEEN NITRIC ACID & ANY ORG MATERIAL; IN EXHAUST FROM METAL CLEANING ... FROM ELECTRIC ARC WELDING; IN ELECTROPLATING, ENGRAVING, & PHOTOGRAVURE OPERATIONS; IN DYNAMITE BLASTING ... IN DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST; IN BURNING OF NITROCELLULOSE ... & IN COMBUSTION OF SOME SHOE POLISHES. /NITROGEN OXIDES/

/NITROGEN DIOXIDE & NITROGEN TETROXIDE/ ... ARE ... EVOLVED WHEN NITRATED ORG CMPD BURN OR EXPLODE, OR WHEN ORG CMPD (AS GASOLINE) BURN @ HIGH TEMP IN AIR (AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST). /NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN TETROXIDE/

PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR POLLUTION ARISES FROM A SERIES OF ATMOSPHERIC REACTIONS. THE MAIN COMPONENTS ARE OZONE, OXIDES OF NITROGEN, ALDEHYDES, PEROXYACETYL NITRATES, AND HYDROCARBONS. ... THEY ENTER INTO THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT LEAD TO FORMATION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG. /OXIDES OF NITROGEN/

IN TERMS OF AMT OF MATERIAL EMITTED ANNUALLY INTO AIR, FIVE MAJOR POLLUTANTS ACCOUNT FOR CLOSE TO 98% OF POLLUTION. ... NITROGEN OXIDES (6%). /NITROGEN OXIDES/

EXPOSURE TO NITROGEN TETROXIDE IN THE MISSILE INDUSTRY CAN PRODUCE IDENTICAL SYMPTOMS AS THOSE FROM NITROGEN DIOXIDE & SHOULD BE TREATED IN A SIMILAR FASHION.

Industrial exposures can take place wherever nitric acid is made or used and has occurred most commonly where metals are dipped in acid baths. Electric arc welding, and to a lesser extent gas welding, can generate hazardous concentrations.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of workers reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of nitrogen tetroxide is 1 to 99 persons; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ No data on the ecotoxicology of nitrogen tetroxide have been found in the literature ... In water, nitrogen tetroxide will decompose to nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3), and the aquatic toxicity should be equal to the water concentrations of these substances due to the decomposition of the actual concentrations of nitrogen tetroxide.

Volatile organics and nitrogen oxides are emitted by transportation and industrial sources. Oxides of nitrogen are emitted in the combustion of fossil fuels. /Nitrogen oxides/

... RELEASED IN REACTION BETWEEN NITRIC ACID & ANY ORG MATERIAL; IN EXHAUST FROM METAL CLEANING ... FROM ELECTRIC ARC WELDING; IN ELECTROPLATING, ENGRAVING, & PHOTOGRAVURE OPERATIONS; IN DYNAMITE BLASTING ... IN DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST; IN BURNING OF NITROCELLULOSE ... & IN COMBUSTION OF SOME SHOE POLISHES. /NITROGEN OXIDES/

/NITROGEN DIOXIDE & NITROGEN TETROXIDE/ ... ARE ... EVOLVED WHEN NITRATED ORG CMPD BURN OR EXPLODE, OR WHEN ORG CMPD (AS GASOLINE) BURN @ HIGH TEMP IN AIR (AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST). /NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN TETROXIDE/

PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR POLLUTION ARISES FROM A SERIES OF ATMOSPHERIC REACTIONS. THE MAIN COMPONENTS ARE OZONE, OXIDES OF NITROGEN, ALDEHYDES, PEROXYACETYL NITRATES, AND HYDROCARBONS. ... THEY ENTER INTO THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT LEAD TO FORMATION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG. /OXIDES OF NITROGEN/

IN TERMS OF AMT OF MATERIAL EMITTED ANNUALLY INTO AIR, FIVE MAJOR POLLUTANTS ACCOUNT FOR CLOSE TO 98% OF POLLUTION. ... NITROGEN OXIDES (6%). /NITROGEN OXIDES/

EXPOSURE TO NITROGEN TETROXIDE IN THE MISSILE INDUSTRY CAN PRODUCE IDENTICAL SYMPTOMS AS THOSE FROM NITROGEN DIOXIDE & SHOULD BE TREATED IN A SIMILAR FASHION.

Industrial exposures can take place wherever nitric acid is made or used and has occurred most commonly where metals are dipped in acid baths. Electric arc welding, and to a lesser extent gas welding, can generate hazardous concentrations.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of workers reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of nitrogen tetroxide is 1 to 99 persons; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Nitrogen tetroxide is a poor candidate for incineration.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Dinitrogen tetroxide/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Dinitrogen tetroxide [Table#2793]

/GUIDE 124: GASES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE - OXIDIZING/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Dinitrogen tetroxide/

/GUIDE 124: GASES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE - OXIDIZING/ Fire or Explosion: Substance does not burn but will support combustion. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. These are strong oxidizers and will react vigorously or explosively with many materials including fuels. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Some will react violently with air, moist air and/or water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Dinitrogen tetroxide/

/GUIDE 124: GASES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE - OXIDIZING/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 `feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dinitrogen tetroxide/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Nitrogen tetroxide (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1067; Dinitrogen tetroxide

IMO 2.3; Dinitrogen tetroxide

49 203 60; Nitroxide tetroxide (gases, compressed, not elsewhere classified, poison)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Gas Oxidizer Corrosive