4-Bromotoluene

H302 (78.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (95.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (31.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (13.1%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 61 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Crystals, clear pale yellow liquid. (NTP, 1992)

Solid; [HSDB] May also be in the form of pale yellow liquid; [CAMEO] White crystalline solid; mp = 26-29 deg C; [MSDSonline]

Crystals from absolute alcohol

363 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

184.5 °C at 760 mm Hg

83.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

185 °F (NTP, 1992)

85 °C (185 °F) Closed Cup

less than 1 mg/mL at 75 °F (NTP, 1992)

Sol in chloroform

Water solubility of 110 ppm at 25 °C.

Soluble in ethanol, acetone, and ether

1.399 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3995 @ 35 °C

5.9 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

5.9 (Air= 1)

1 mmHg at 50.5 °F ; 5 mmHg at 117.5 °F; 10 mmHg at 142.0 °F (NTP, 1992)

1.15 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure = 2.52 kPa (18.9 mm Hg) at 75 °C

Vapor pressure = 1.90 mm Hg @ 25 °C /From experimentally-derived coefficients/

1.15 mm Hg at 25 °C.

log Kow = 3.42

10,076.2 gcal/gmole

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5490 AT 20 °C/D

Dielectric constant 5.49

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Angular frequency

Boiling point

Chemical shift

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Dielectric constant

Excess enthalpy

External quantum efficiency

Fusion temperature

Heat of sublimation

Luminescence

Luminescence emission linewidth

Magnetic susceptibility

Melting temperature

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Insoluble in water.

Aryl Halides

P-BROMOTOLUENE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992)

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LC50 (rat) = 6,800 mg/m3

RESPIRATORY IRRITATION &, IN HIGH CONCN ... /CNS DEPRESSION/ IN EXPTL ANIMALS. /3-BROMOTOLUENE/

p-Bromotoluene tested negative for mutagenicity test in Salmonella assays.

4-Bromotoluene may be released to the environment through evaporation from solvent uses or from wastes generated at sites of production and use. If released to the atmosphere, 4-bromotoluene is expected to degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction is estimated to be 9.8 days. If released to water, 4-bromotoluene may be removed from the water column by volatilization and adsorption. Using an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mol, volatilization half-lives of 4.3 hr and 5.3 days can be estimated for a model river and model lake, respectively. The potential effect of adsorption to sediment is considered in the half-life from an environmental pond which is estimated to be 14.9 days, but not from the model river or model lake. An estimated Koc value of 430 suggests that if 4-bromotoluene is released to soil, moderate leaching may occur. Based on its estimated Henry's Law constant and measured vapor pressure (1.15 mm Hg at 25 °C), evaporation from dry and moist surface soil may also occur. Data are insufficent to assess the importance of biodegradation in the environment. Its estimated BCF of 230 suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderately high. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at sites where 4-bromotoluene is manufactured, used as a solvent or used as a chemical intermediate. (SRC)

Bromotoluene's use as a solvent and chemical intermediate(1,2) may result in direct environmental release through evaporation and from wastes generated at sites of production or use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 434(SRC), derived from a molecular structure estimation method(2), suggests that 4-bromotoluene will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Its high Henry's Law constant, 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3), high vapor pressure, 1.15 mm Hg at 25 °C(3), and moderate adsorptivity to soil indicate that volatilization may be an important fate process from both moist and dry soil surfaces(4,SRC). A single pure culture biodegradation study has observed biooxidation of 4-bromotoluene utilizing a bacterium isolated from soil(5); however, sufficient biodegradation data are not available to predict the significance of biodegradation in the environment. No data are available pertaining to abiotic degradation of 4-bromotoluene in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 434(SRC) determined from molecular structure(2), indicates that 4-bromotoluene may adsorb to sediment and particulate matter in the water column(SRC). It is expected to readily volatilize from water based on its Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.3 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(4,SRC). Using a model which takes adsorption into account(7), the volatilization half-life of 4-bromotoluene in an environmental pond is estimated to be 14.9 days. According to a recommended classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF value of 230(4,SRC), based on its log Kow(5,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderately high(SRC). No experimental data are available pertaining to aquatic biodegradation(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a theory of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(2), 4-bromotoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.15 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), should exist entirely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). Vapor-phase 4-bromotoluene should degrade in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction is estimated to be 9.8 days(3,SRC).

4-Bromotoluene was oxidized to a dihydrodiol compound in a pure culture study utilizing the soil-isolated bacterium Pseudomonas putida(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-bromotoluene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 1.6X10-12 cu m/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1,SRC); assuming an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 molecules/cu cm, the half-life for this reaction can be estimated to be 9.8 days(1,SRC). 4-Bromotoluene does not contain any functional groups that are susceptible to aqueous environmental hydrolysis(2); therefore, hydrolysis is not expected to be significant in water(SRC). Irradiation of 4-bromotoluene (in hexane solution) with artificial UV light above 290 nm resulted in a dehalogenation of 1.0% over a two hour period(3).

A BCF of 230 was estimated for 4-bromotoluene(SRC), using its log Kow of 3.42(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms is moderately high(SRC).

Using an estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 4-bromotoluene is estimated to be 430(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that 4-bromotoluene will have medium mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant of 4-bromotoluene is 2.33X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1) which indicates that volatilization from environmental waters is probably significant, and may be rapid(2). The volatilization half-life of 4-bromotoluene from a model river (1 meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec) and model lake (1 meter deep flowing at 0.05 m/sec with a wind speed of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated to be 4.3 hr and 5.3 days, respectively(2,SRC); these estimates do not consider the effect of adsorption to sediment which may be important(SRC). The volatilization half-life of 4-bromotoluene in an experimental pond which considers adsorption has been estimated to be 14.9 days(3,SRC).

DRINKING WATER: 4-Bromotoluene was qualitatively detected in drinking water concentrates collected from Cincinnati, OH in Oct 1978(1).

Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at sites where 4-bromotoluene is manufactured, used as a solvent or used as a chemical intermediate. (SRC)

4-Bromotoluene may be released to the environment through evaporation from solvent uses or from wastes generated at sites of production and use. If released to the atmosphere, 4-bromotoluene is expected to degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction is estimated to be 9.8 days. If released to water, 4-bromotoluene may be removed from the water column by volatilization and adsorption. Using an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mol, volatilization half-lives of 4.3 hr and 5.3 days can be estimated for a model river and model lake, respectively. The potential effect of adsorption to sediment is considered in the half-life from an environmental pond which is estimated to be 14.9 days, but not from the model river or model lake. An estimated Koc value of 430 suggests that if 4-bromotoluene is released to soil, moderate leaching may occur. Based on its estimated Henry's Law constant and measured vapor pressure (1.15 mm Hg at 25 °C), evaporation from dry and moist surface soil may also occur. Data are insufficent to assess the importance of biodegradation in the environment. Its estimated BCF of 230 suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderately high. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at sites where 4-bromotoluene is manufactured, used as a solvent or used as a chemical intermediate. (SRC)

Bromotoluene's use as a solvent and chemical intermediate(1,2) may result in direct environmental release through evaporation and from wastes generated at sites of production or use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 434(SRC), derived from a molecular structure estimation method(2), suggests that 4-bromotoluene will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Its high Henry's Law constant, 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3), high vapor pressure, 1.15 mm Hg at 25 °C(3), and moderate adsorptivity to soil indicate that volatilization may be an important fate process from both moist and dry soil surfaces(4,SRC). A single pure culture biodegradation study has observed biooxidation of 4-bromotoluene utilizing a bacterium isolated from soil(5); however, sufficient biodegradation data are not available to predict the significance of biodegradation in the environment. No data are available pertaining to abiotic degradation of 4-bromotoluene in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 434(SRC) determined from molecular structure(2), indicates that 4-bromotoluene may adsorb to sediment and particulate matter in the water column(SRC). It is expected to readily volatilize from water based on its Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.3 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(4,SRC). Using a model which takes adsorption into account(7), the volatilization half-life of 4-bromotoluene in an environmental pond is estimated to be 14.9 days. According to a recommended classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF value of 230(4,SRC), based on its log Kow(5,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderately high(SRC). No experimental data are available pertaining to aquatic biodegradation(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a theory of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(2), 4-bromotoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.15 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), should exist entirely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). Vapor-phase 4-bromotoluene should degrade in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction is estimated to be 9.8 days(3,SRC).

4-Bromotoluene was oxidized to a dihydrodiol compound in a pure culture study utilizing the soil-isolated bacterium Pseudomonas putida(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-bromotoluene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 1.6X10-12 cu m/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1,SRC); assuming an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 molecules/cu cm, the half-life for this reaction can be estimated to be 9.8 days(1,SRC). 4-Bromotoluene does not contain any functional groups that are susceptible to aqueous environmental hydrolysis(2); therefore, hydrolysis is not expected to be significant in water(SRC). Irradiation of 4-bromotoluene (in hexane solution) with artificial UV light above 290 nm resulted in a dehalogenation of 1.0% over a two hour period(3).

A BCF of 230 was estimated for 4-bromotoluene(SRC), using its log Kow of 3.42(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms is moderately high(SRC).

Using an estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 4-bromotoluene is estimated to be 430(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that 4-bromotoluene will have medium mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant of 4-bromotoluene is 2.33X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1) which indicates that volatilization from environmental waters is probably significant, and may be rapid(2). The volatilization half-life of 4-bromotoluene from a model river (1 meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec) and model lake (1 meter deep flowing at 0.05 m/sec with a wind speed of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated to be 4.3 hr and 5.3 days, respectively(2,SRC); these estimates do not consider the effect of adsorption to sediment which may be important(SRC). The volatilization half-life of 4-bromotoluene in an experimental pond which considers adsorption has been estimated to be 14.9 days(3,SRC).

DRINKING WATER: 4-Bromotoluene was qualitatively detected in drinking water concentrates collected from Cincinnati, OH in Oct 1978(1).

Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation or dermal contact at sites where 4-bromotoluene is manufactured, used as a solvent or used as a chemical intermediate. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.