4-chlorotoluene

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P271, P273, P304+P340, P317, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (72.6%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H317 (67.6%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331 (10%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (90%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P317, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 219 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Chlorotoluenes/

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Chlorotoluenes/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Chlorotoluenes/

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants.

30 [mg/m3]

170 [mg/m3]

1000 [mg/m3]

If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Chlorotoluene, an isomeric mixture predominantly of ortho- and para-monochlorotoluene with up to 6 percent unreacted toluene and a boiling range of 110 °C to 162 °C, is exempted from the reqiurement of a tolerance when used as a solvent or cosolvent in pesticide formulations with the following restrictions: (a) Not for use after edible parts of the plant begin to form. (b) Do not graze livestock in treated areas within 48 hrs after application. /Chlorotoluene/

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. /Chlorotoluenes/

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 49 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Colorless liquid; [Hawley] Colorless liquid; mp = 7-9 deg C; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid

162.4 °C

162.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]

140 °F, open cup

SOL IN ALCOHOL, BENZENE

SOL IN ACETIC ACID

>10% in ethyl ether

>10% in ethanol

For more Solubility (Complete) data for 4-CHLOROTOLUENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.01

1.0697 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.07

1.0697 @ 20°C

4.37 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.4

2.69 [mmHg]

2.79 mm Hg at 20 °C, from experimentally derived coefficients

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.35

7.5 [mm Hg] @40 °C

Log Kow = 3.33

0.892 mPa-s @ 20 °C

-3754 kJ/mol @ 18.8 °C

42.475 kJ/mol

322.4 dynes/cm @ 25 °C

Odor Threshold Low: 0.05 [ppm]

[ICSC] Odor threshold from CHEMINFO

Index of refraction: 1.5150 @ 20 °C

Index of refraction: 1.5208 @ 20 °C/D @ 22 °C @ 99.7% mole-% purity

Freezing point 7.20 °C @ 99.7 mole-% purity

Congealing point: 6.8 °C; lb/gal 8.85

Oxygen indexes (Minimum percentage of oxygen in an oxygen-nitrogen atm required to sustain combustion after ignition) for the chlorotoluene isomers are ... para 19.1. /Flame retardants/

At moderate temp and pressures the monochlorotoluenes are stable to the action of steam, alkalies, amines, and hydrochloric and phosphoric acids. Reactions can be divided into three classes: reactions of the aromatic ring; reactions of the methyl group; and reactions involving the chlorine substituent.

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for 4-CHLOROTOLUENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Angular frequency

Boiling point

Chemical diffusion

Chemical shift

Acids, alkalis, oxidizers, reducing materials, water.

4-Chlorotoluene

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

Dry skin. Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

p-Chlorotoluene

2 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (mice) = 34,000 mg/m3/2h

P-CHLOROTOLUENE FOUND NOT TO BE MUTAGENIC IN AMES SALMONELLA/MICROSOME ASSAY.

p-Chlorotoluene was administered by corn oil gavage for 14 and 90 days to male and female Sprague-Dawley-derived rats at dosages of 200, 600, and 1800 mg/kg per day and 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg per day, respectively. In the 14-day study, 8 of 10 animals of each sex in the high-dose group died due to treatment. Other treatment-related signs for these animals included an adverse effect upon body weight and clinical signs of salivation, tremors, and prostration. In the 200 and 600 mg/kg per day groups there were no apparent treatment-related effects. In the 90-day study, 4 of 10 males and 2 of 10 females in the high-dose group died due to treatment. Other signs for this treatment group included an adverse effect upon body weight and clinical signs of languid behavior, prostration, tremors, sensitivity to touch, epistaxis, and respiratory distress. Increases in alkaline phosphatase and creatinine (males only), and increases in adrenal (absolute and relative, females), kidney (relative, both sexes), and liver (relative, both sexes) weights were also noted. Histopathologic findings of centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy, adrenal cortical hyperplasia, and exacerbation of chronic progressive nephropathy confirmed the clinical laboratory and organ weight results as being treatment related for the animals receiving 800 mg/kg per day for 90 days. Animals receiving 50 or 200 mg/kg per day (90 days) did not exhibit treatment-related findings.

Early life stage toxicity experiments were carried out for both chlorobenzene and aniline derivatives under semistatic conditions using zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio). The parameters studied included survival, embryo- hatchability and growth. From these effect parameters and the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Poct) high quality quantitative structure-activity relationships could be derived. The aniline derivatives appeared to have a higher toxicity than the chlorobenzenes, which have a nonspecific (narcotic) mode of toxic action. For the narcotizing chemicals long-term 28-day early life stage toxicity could be accurately predicted on the basis of short-term (7-day) experiments. For the anilines, which are assumed to exert their toxic effects after metabolic activation, the predictions for long-term toxicity on the basis of short-term experiments were found to be inaccurate. For these chemicals it seems necessary either to include detailed microscopic observations for sublethal effects or to prolong the exposure period for the free-feeding larval stages. Differences in sensitivity between B. rerio (this study) and fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas (data reported in literature) were found to be small. A quantitative structure activity relationship for early life stage-toxicity for 30 narcotizing chemicals for the two species was derived. Available data on the acute toxicity of guppy Poecilia reticulata show that for chemicals with a nonspecific mode of toxic action the mean 'acute/chronic' toxicity ratio is approximately 15.

Quantitative structure-activity relationships were calculated between hydrophobicity of a group of organic chemicals with anaesthetic potency and toxicity (immobilization, mortality and inhibition of reproduction) to Daphnia magna. Differences in slopes of the high quality quantitative structure activity relationship might have been explained in terms of possible different sites of action for the 3 criteria of effect. The combined effects of mixtures of 5-50 chemicals on immobilization and mortality did not deviate from additivity, while the effect on reproduction deviated from it.

LC50-experiments were conducted using guppies subjected to 72 industrial pollutants. Correlation of the LC50 with several expressions of the hydrophobicity of these chemicals was studied. Calculated log Poct(partition coefficient)-values satisfied more than HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) retention indices, solubility data or molecular connectivity indices. One quantitative structure-activity relationship, with log Poct as the only variable, gave good estimations of the toxicity of most tested compounds with log Poct, < 6. No LC50 could be determined for solutions of compounds with log Poct > 6.

Acute oral toxicity was evaluated in groups of 2 adult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats administered para-chlorotoluene by gavage as either a 1.0 or 10% volume/volume solution in corn oil or in undiluted form at dosage levels of 10, 31.6, 100, 316, 1000 or 3160 ul/kg. Mortality was observed in both rats in the 3160 ul/kg dose group (100% solution) and the LD50 was estimated to be 1780 ul/kg. Clinical observations included depression, lacrimation, labored respiration, ataxia, tremors, depressed righting and placement reflexes and prostration. Gross necropsy revealed congestion of the lungs, kidneys and adrenals and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in the decedents. Sacrificed animals did not display this inflammation.

Acute oral toxicity was evaluated in groups of 5 male and 5 female fasted Sprague-Dawley rats administered 4-chlorotoluene by gavage at a level of 1.7, 2.3, 3.3 or 4.6 g/kg. Mortality was observed in 2 males in the 1.7 g/kg group, 3 males and 4 females in the 2.3 g/kg group, and in all 5 males and females in the 3.3 and 4.6 g/kg groups. The LD50 was determined to be 2.1 g/kg (1.8 - 2.4 g/kg). Clinical observations included a decrease in motor activity, tremors, cyanosis, piloerection, excess salivation, chromodacryorrhea, increase in respiratory rate, decrease in respiratory rate and lacrimation. Gross necropsy revealed bright red or red and mottled lungs, stomach and intestinal irritation and cream colored, white or dark fluid in the stomach and intestine, red stained fur around the nose, "blanched" stomachs and fluid filled stomachs.

Acute dermal toxicity was evaluated in 2 male and 2 female New Zealand white rabbits exposed to a single occluded dose of undiluted parachlorotoluene to abraded and intact skin. There were no mortalities and an LD50 value was not reported. Clinical and necropsy observations revealed nothing remarkable except for diarrhea in 1 male.

p-Chlorotoluene (CAS # 106-43-4) was evaluated for chromosomal effects. A single intraperitoneal injection of 1000 mg/kg body weight was administered to male and female mice. Animals were sacrificed and femoral marrow was prepared at 16-hours (5 M, 5 F); 24-hours (5 M, 5 F); and 48-hours (5 M, 5 F) after administration. Signs of toxicity included apathy, roughened fur, staggering gait, spasm, twitching, shivering, and difficulty in breathing. Two animals died during treatment. Gross necropsy revealed slightly inflated lungs and spotted livers. The ratio between polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes and clastogenic effect was not altered.

A standard battery of toxicological tests showed that the title compound (an intermediate in the synthesis of drugs, dyes, pesticides and other products) is narcotic and pneumotoxic (it produces bronchitis, pneumonia, oedema and haemorrhage on inhalation at lethal concentrations). The compound penetrates the skin. In quantitative terms, it is of low toxicity, but its effects are strongly cumulative. On the basis of these results and the properties of the similar compound a,a,a-trifluorotoluene, a MAC of 20 mg/cu m is proposed. Addition of the chlorine atom to the benzene ring of trifluorotoluene apparently increases the toxicity and cumulative properties of the compound. a,a,a-trifluoro-4-chlorotoluene is also known as l-chloro-4-trifluoromethylbenzene.

Quantitative structure-activity relationship estimates of toxicity of narcotic chemicals for 19 species of bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans, coelenterates, rotifers, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians were used to predict no-effect levels at the ecosystem level by means of recently developed extrapolation methods. Equilibrium partitioning theory was used to derive no effect levels for aquatic sediments and internal toxicant concentrations for aquatic organisms. A simple table is given from which no effect levels for narcotic chemicals for water, sediment, and residues in biota can be predicted on the basis of only the octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight. The method may be applied to setting quality criteria for the aquatic environment and to ecotoxicological interpretation of (bio)monitoring data. Calculations were carried out for 102 narcotic compounds.

1.60e+03

2.30e+04

2.50e+02

8.0E+01(G)

2.40e-01

2.00e-02

Volatile

2.53e+02

4.70e+03

7.00e+04

7.50e+02

8.0E+01 (G)

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

4-Chlorotoluene may be released to the environment in emissions and effluents from sites of its manufacture or industrial use, from venting during storage and transport, and from disposal of industrial waste products which contain this compound (ie. spent solvent). 4-Chlorotoluene may be formed in the environment as a photodegradation product of 4-chlorobenzyl chloride, a chemical intermediate. If released to the atmosphere, 4-chlorotoluene should exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere based on a measured vapor pressure of 2.79 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 4-chlorotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of about 9 days. An estimated Koc of 340 suggests that 4-chlorotoluene may have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Based on limited data, 4-chlorotoluene may biodegrade aerobically under some conditions. 4-Chlorotoluene at 20 mg/l, was 44% and 64% biodegraded in three days using a river water and a seawater inoculum, respectively. However, at 100 ppm, 4-chlorotoluene showed only 0-<30% biodegradation in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum. An isolated strain of Pseudomonas putida 39/D, oxidized 4-chlorotoluene to (+)-cis-4-chloro-2,3-dihydroxy-1-methylcyclohexa-4,6-diene; 4-chlorotoluene is metabolized via cis-dihydrodiol. 4-Chlorotoluene may adsorb to suspended matter in the water based on its estimated Koc value. This compound should volatilize from water surfaces given its Henry's Law constant. Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively. BCF values from 14 to 101.6, measured in carp, indicate that 4-chlorotoluene may bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. The most probable route of human exposure to 4-chlorotoluene is inhalation of contaminated air. Segments of the population may also be exposed to 4-chlorotoluene through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. (SRC)

Quantitative structure-activity relationship estimates of toxicity of narcotic chemicals for 19 species of bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans, coelenterates, rotifers, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians were used to predict no-effect levels at the ecosystem level by means of recently developed extrapolation methods. Equilibrium partitioning theory was used to derive no effect levels for aquatic sediments and internal toxicant concentrations for aquatic organisms. A simple table is given from which no effect levels for narcotic chemicals for water, sediment, and residues in biota can be predicted on the basis of only the octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight. The method may be applied to setting quality criteria for the aquatic environment and to ecotoxicological interpretation of (bio)monitoring data. Calculations were carried out for 102 narcotic compounds.

1.60e+03

2.30e+04

2.50e+02

8.0E+01(G)

2.40e-01

2.00e-02

Volatile

2.53e+02

4.70e+03

7.00e+04

7.50e+02

8.0E+01 (G)

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

4-Chlorotoluene may be released to the environment in emissions and effluents from sites of its manufacture or industrial use, from venting during storage and transport, and from disposal of industrial waste products which contain this compound (ie. spent solvent). 4-Chlorotoluene may be formed in the environment as a photodegradation product of 4-chlorobenzyl chloride, a chemical intermediate. If released to the atmosphere, 4-chlorotoluene should exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere based on a measured vapor pressure of 2.79 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 4-chlorotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of about 9 days. An estimated Koc of 340 suggests that 4-chlorotoluene may have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Based on limited data, 4-chlorotoluene may biodegrade aerobically under some conditions. 4-Chlorotoluene at 20 mg/l, was 44% and 64% biodegraded in three days using a river water and a seawater inoculum, respectively. However, at 100 ppm, 4-chlorotoluene showed only 0-<30% biodegradation in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum. An isolated strain of Pseudomonas putida 39/D, oxidized 4-chlorotoluene to (+)-cis-4-chloro-2,3-dihydroxy-1-methylcyclohexa-4,6-diene; 4-chlorotoluene is metabolized via cis-dihydrodiol. 4-Chlorotoluene may adsorb to suspended matter in the water based on its estimated Koc value. This compound should volatilize from water surfaces given its Henry's Law constant. Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively. BCF values from 14 to 101.6, measured in carp, indicate that 4-chlorotoluene may bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. The most probable route of human exposure to 4-chlorotoluene is inhalation of contaminated air. Segments of the population may also be exposed to 4-chlorotoluene through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water. (SRC)

4-Chlorotoluene's production and use as a solvent and intermediate in the synthesis of organic chemicals, dyes(5), pharmaceuticals, and synthetic rubber chemicals(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 4-Chlorotoluene may be formed in the environment as a photodegradation product of 4-chlorobenzyl chloride(4), an intermediate used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, dyes and other organic chemicals(1,2,SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 340(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-chlorotoluene will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 4-chlorotoluene may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from experimental values for vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(2), and from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an experimental vapor pressure of 2.79 mm Hg(SRC), determined from experimentally-derived coefficients(4). Based on limited data, 4-chlorotoluene may biodegrade aerobically in soil under some conditions(SRC). 4-Chlorotoluene at 20 mg/l, was 44% and 64% biodegraded in three days using a river water and a seawater inoculum, respectively(5). However, at 100 ppm, 4-chlorotoluene showed only 0(6)-<30%(7) biodegradation in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum. An isolated strain of Pseudomonas putida 39/D, oxidized 4-chlorotoluene to (+)-cis-4-chloro-2,3-dihydroxy-1-methylcyclohexa-4,6-diene(8); 4-chlorotoluene is metabolized via cis-dihydrodiol(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 340(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that 4-chlorotoluene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water(SRC). Based on limited data, 4-chlorotoluene may biodegrade aerobically in water under some conditions(SRC). 4-Chlorotoluene at 20 mg/l, was 44% and 64% biodegraded in three days using a river water and a seawater inoculum, respectively(3). However, at 100 ppm, 4-chlorotoluene showed only 0(4)-<30%(5) biodegradation in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum. An isolated strain of Pseudomonas putida 39/D, oxidized p-chlorotoluene to (+)-cis-4-chloro-2,3-dihydroxy-1-methylcyclohexa-4,6-diene(6); p-chlorotoluene is metabolized via cis-dihydrodiol(7). 4-Chlorotoluene should volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure(8) and water solubility(2). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(1,SRC). BCF values from 14 to 101.6(4), measured in carp, indicate that 4-chlorotoluene may moderately bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(9). Based on monitoring data from the River Rhine, the half-life of 4-chlorotoluene in a river 4-5 m deep during mid-summer was estimated to be 1.2 days(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-chlorotoluene, which has a measured vapor pressure of 2.79 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), determined from experimentally-derived coefficients, should exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-chlorotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 9 days(3,SRC).

In the Japanese MITI test, using an initial concn of 100 ppm 4-chlorotoluene, <30% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum(1,2). In the modified MITI test, using an initial concentration of 100 ppm 4-chlorotoluene, 0% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 14 days(3). A microbial blend of 10 different bacteria and 2 fungi was used to degrade 4-chlorotoluene at a concentration of 200 mg/l; complete biodegradation occurred in 3 days(4). Using the cultivation method, 4-chlorotoluene at 20 mg/l was 44% and 64% biodegraded in three days using a river water and a seawater inoculum, respectively(5). An isolated strain of Pseudomonas putida 39/D oxidized 4-chlorotoluene to (+)-cis-4-chloro-2,3-dihydroxy-1-methylcyclohexa-4,6-diene (6). 4-Chlorotoluene is metabolized via cis-dihydrodiol to its respective catechol which is resistant to further degradation(7).

4-Chlorotoluene is inert to chemical hydrolysis under environmental conditions(1). Reaction of 4-chlorotoluene with free-radical oxidants found in natural waters is not an environmentally important fate process(1,2). When exposed to UV light at wavelengths about 300 nm, 4-chlorotoluene, in deaerated methanol solution, underwent 2.9% degradation in 48 hours(3). Under the same conditions with acetone added as a photosensitizer, 4-chlorotoluene underwent 54.5% degradation in 9 hours(3). Of the 4-chlorotoluene degraded in this latter study, 52% was converted into toluene(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-chlorotoluene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(4,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(4,SRC).

Carp exposed to 4-chlorotoluene at 0.03 and 0.3 mg/L had measured BCF values of 14-101.6 and 21.9-76.5, respectively(1). An estimated BCF value of 200 was calculated for 4-chlorotoluene(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 3.33(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3). According to a recommended classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest that some bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will occur(SRC).

The Koc of 4-chlorotoluene is estimated as approximately 340(SRC), using an experimental water solubility of 106 mg/l at 20 °C(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-chlorotoluene will have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-chlorotoluene is estimated as 4.4X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 2.79 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 106 mg/l(2). This value indicates that 4-chlorotoluene will volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 4 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 5 days(3,SRC). 4-Chlorotoluene's calculated Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicate that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is likely(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: 1975 National Organics Reconnaissance Survey (NORS) 10 city survey, identified in finished drinking water from 1 out of 10 cities - Miami, FL, 1.5 ug/l(1).

GROUNDWATER: As of June 1984, analyzed for, but not found in 1174 community wells and 617 private wells in Wisconsin, detection limit 1.0-5.0 ug/l(1). During 1981-1982, analyzed for but not found in 945 wells scattered throughout the USA (detection limit 0.2-0.5 ug/l)(2).

SURFACE WATER: 1976, River Maas at Eysden (The Netherlands), median concn 0.1 ug/l, concn range from not detected-0.3 ug/l(1). 1976, River Maas at Keizersveer (The Netherlands), median concn 0.1 ug/l, concn range not detected-0.2 ug/l(1). July 1979, River Rhine at Lobith (The Netherlands), 0.03 ug/l(2). 4-Chlorotoluene was detected in unreported concentrations in the Niagara River, Lake Ontario(3).

Identified in chlorinated leachate from a simulated landfill lysimeter used to study codisposal of metal plating sludge with municipal solid waste(1). Identified as a principal organic hazardous constituent (POHC) in the emissions from an incinerator test burn(2). 4-Chlorotoluene was detected in the volatile organic fraction from compost samples from eight solid waste composting facilities with a maximum concentration of 240 ug/cu m(3). 4-Chlorotoluene was detected in 5 of 5 hazardous waste sites in New Jersey at concentrations ranging from 0.04-0.71 ppbv; 4-chlorotoluene was detected in the volatile organic emissions of a sanitary landfill which received only non-hazardous industrial and municipal waste at an average concentration of 0.03 ppbv(4). Thermal decomposition of vinylidene chloride polymers (food wrapping film) resulted in the formation of 4-chlorotoluene at an average concentration of 11.2 ug/g(5). 4-Chlorotoluene was detected in the leachate of fabric used for the manufacture of collapsible potable water storage tanks at 0.3 ug/l following exposure to low pH conditions(6).

July-Aug 1981: Newark, NJ, 38 samples, 95% pos, mean concn 0.21 ppb; Elizabeth, NJ, 37 samples, 97% pos, mean concn 0.25 ppb; Camden, NJ, 35 samples, 97% pos, mean concn 0.22 ppb(1). Jan-Feb 1982, Newark, NJ, 28 samples, 96% pos, mean concn 0.17 ppb; Elizabeth, NJ, 38 samples, 92% pos, mean concn 0.14 ppb; Camden, NJ, 37 samples, 78% pos, mean concn 0.07 ppb(1). During 1983-84, detected in air samples collected at 6 hazardous waste sites in NJ, mean concn range <0.03-0.70 ppb, and one sanitary landfill in NJ, mean concn 0.04 ppb(2). Chlorotoluene isomers (o-, m-, and p-): Love Canal in Niagara Falls, NY, 15 samples, 80% pos, concn range trace-12,274 ng/cu m(3); Love Canal, 10 samples, 50% pos, concn range <0.010-1.64 ng/cu m(4); Baton Rouge, LA, 11 samples, 9% pos, 35 ng/cu m(3).

Human air pollution inhalation season ploy cyclic aromatic hydro carbon mutagenesis sulfate space heating motor vehicle exhaust.

4-Chlorotoluene was detected in 6 of 234 food items at an average concentration of 7.9 ppb; the highest concentrations of this compound were found in cake doughnuts(1).

At the request of the International Maritime Organization, acute toxicity testing was performed for 43 substances, for which insufficient or no data had been available for hazard rating concerning damage to marine living resources.

The most probable route of human exposure to p-chlorotoluene is inhalation of contaminated air(1,2,SRC). Segments of the general population may also be exposed to p-chlorotoluene by ingestion of contaminated drinking water(2,3,SRC). Workers involved in the manufacture, use, packaging, or transport of this compound may be exposed by inhalation and/or dermal contact(4,SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Chlorotoluenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Chlorotoluenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Chlorotoluenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Chlorotoluenes/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 4-CHLOROTOLUENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2238; Chlorotoluenes

IMO 3.3; Chlorotoluenes

49 131 48; Chlorotoluenes

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Marine pollutant.

Symbol: Xn, N; R: 20-51/53; S: (2)-24/25-61; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III