Epichlorohydrin

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1920) of reports.

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301+H311+H331 (11.5%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301+H331 (23%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (> 99.9%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (> 99.9%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (> 99.9%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (> 99.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (49.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (23.1%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (76.9%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350 (99.9%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361 (17.8%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H361f (15.5%): Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H412 (27.3%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1920 reports by companies from 30 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1920 reports by companies.

There are 29 notifications provided by 1919 of 1920 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P342+P316, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Put clothes in sealable container. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Epichlorohydrin Exposure: Acute exposure to epichlorohydrin may result in nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Liver and kidney effects may be observed. The respiratory tract may become irritated, dyspnea (shortness of breath) may occur, and in acute cases, respiratory paralysis has been observed. Central nervous system and respiratory depression have been noted. Facial swelling, mucosal irritation, dermatitis (red, inflamed skin), and eye irritation may also occur following exposure to epichlorohydrin.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to epichlorohydrin may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to epichlorohydrin.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to epichlorohydrin.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of epichlorohydrin is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

If fire becomes uncontrollable, or containers are exposed to direct flames, evacuate for a radius of 1,500 feet. Isolate for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Epichlorohydrin may react violently with water.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide. Water spray may be used to dilute spills to non-flammable mixtures. If leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors. Keep fire-exposed containers cooled with water. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Avoid use of dry chemical if fire occurs in container with confined vent. Containers may explode in fire because of polymerization.

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

If material on fire or involved in fire Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak.

For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in suitable location away from combustible materials.

... It should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion. Sewers designed to preclude the formation of explosive concentrations of epichlorhydrin vapors are permitted.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for EPICHLOROHYDRIN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2008)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U014, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Epichlorohydrin is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for EPICHLOROHYDRIN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids, bases, aluminium, zinc, amines and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

Separate from acids, alkalies, salts, water, and oxidizers. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.

/Store at/ ambient temperature

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Epichlorohydrin should be stored in tightly closed, labeled containers in fire-proof, cool, dry rooms. Apply ventilation across the floor. Epichlorohydrin attacks steel in the presence of moisture. The compound should be stored away from strong acids and bases, zinc, aluminium, metal chlorides, alcohol-containing material, isopropylamine, trichloroethylene, and oxidizing agents.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

687.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Final

1.7 [ppm]

24 [ppm]

72 [ppm]

Ca See Appendix A

5.0 [ppm]

5 ppm (19 mg/m³)

TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G

75 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

75.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Workers engaged in the production of epichlorohydrin from dichlorohydrin glycerin, with isolated exposures to epichlorohydrin ranging from 4.9 to 54.9 ppm, showed no apparent adverse effects [Pet'ko et al. 1966]. Concentrations of 20 ppm produced transient burning of the eyes and nasal mucosa, 40 ppm produced eye and throat irritation that persisted for 48 hours, and concentrations in excess of 100 ppm were considered intolerable with a potential for lung edema and kidney lesions [NIOSH 1976].

NIOSH has recommended that epichlorohydrin be treated as a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [75 ppm]

See: 106898

0.1 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 0.5 ppm, skin

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

0.5 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

1.9 mg/m

skin absorption (H); sensitization of skin (SH); carcinogen category: 2; germ cell mutagen group: 3B.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane appears as a clear colorless liquid with an irritating chloroform-like odor. Density 9.8 lb / gal. Flash point 87 °F. Polymerizable. If polymerization takes place inside a closed container, the container is subject to violent rupture. Irritates the skin and respiratory system. Toxic by ingestion. A confirmed carcinogen. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make plastics and as a solvent.

Liquid; Gas Vapor; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a slightly irritating, chloroform-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a slightly irritating, chloroform-like odor.

Colorless liquid

Odor is sweet, pungent or chloroform-like ... generally perceived as a slightly irritating chloroformlike odor

Pungent, garlic-like odor

241.7 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

117.9 °C

117.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-54.4 to -14.1 °F (EPA, 1998)

-25.6 °C

-57.2 °C

93 °F (EPA, 1998)

88 °F (31 °C) (Closed cup)

31 °C c.c.

50 to 100 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with most organic solvents

Miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride; immiscible with petroleum hydrocarbons.

In water, 6.59X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

65.9 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 6

1.18 to 1.801 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998)

1.1750 at 25 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.2

1.175 @25 °C

3.29 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.29 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.2

10 mmHg at 61.88 °F (EPA, 1998)

16.4 [mmHg]

16.4 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.6

16.4 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 0.45

Epichlorohydrin can be oxidized by free radical process in liquid or gas phases; these reactions may occur as photochemically initiated atmospheric reactions.

772 °F (USCG, 1999)

772 °F (411 °C)

When heated to decomp, emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Epoxides

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

CSL00165

Epichlorohydrin + Sodium chlorite

Reaction resulted in an explosion and fire

Explosive,Flammable

Not Available

User Reported

04/22/2022

04/21/2022

1-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYPROPANE may polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. Reacts explosively with aniline. Ignites on contact with potassium tert-butoxide. Reacts with trichloroethylene to give the explosive dichloroacetylene. Violent reaction with sulfuric acid or isopropylamine. Exothermic polymerization on contact with strong acids or bases, zinc, aluminum, aluminum chloride, iron, ferric chloride [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1469].

Strong oxidizers, strong acids, certain salts, caustics, zinc, aluminum, water [Note: May polymerize in presence of strong acids and bases particularly when hot.].

Epichlorohydrin can violently react with compounds carrying an active hydrogen atom, including water.

Epichlorohydrin liberates heat in the presence of ... alkalis, and certain salts ...

WITH SLOW MIXING /OF EPICHLOROHYDRIN & ISOPROPYLAMINE/ & ADEQUATE COOLING, SMOOTH CONDENSATION TO 1-CHLORO-3-ISOPROPYLAMINO-2-PROPANOL OCCURS. WITH RAPID MIXING & POOR COOLING, VARIABLE INDUCTION PERIOD ... SLOW WARMING PRECEDES RAPID, VIOLENT EXOTHERM (TO 350 °C IN 6 SEC). OTHER PRIMARY & SECONDARY AMINES BEHAVE SIMILARLY.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for EPICHLOROHYDRIN (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, strong acids, certain salts, caustics, zinc, aluminum, water [Note: May polymerize in presence of strong acids and bases, particularly when hot.]

IDENTIFICATION: Epichlorohydrin is a colorless liquid in which the vapor forms explosive mixtures in air. Phosgene, hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide are liberated while burning. Acids, caustic solutions and halide salts initiate polymerization reactions. The compound is very reactive with metals such as zinc, aluminum, anhydrous metal halides, strong acids and bases along with alcohol containing materials. In the presence of moisture epichlorohydrin is corrosive to steel. Epichlorohydrin has a chloroform like odor. It is soluble in water. Epichlorohydrin is used for the manufacture of glycerine and unmodified epoxyresins. It is also used in the production of elastomers, glycidil ether, cross linked food starch, wet strength resins for the paper industry, water treatment resins, surfactants, ion exchange resins, plasticizers, dyestuffs, pharmaceutical products, emulsifiers, lubricants and adhesives. HUMAN EXPOSURE: On the basis of use patterns and the chemical and physical properties of epichlorohydrin, human exposure is mainly occupational, through vapor inhalation, direct skin contact and a slight exposure resulting from food consumption. Five human volunteers showed significant electroencephalogram changes in the voltage spikes of the alpha rhythm when they were exposed to a vapor of epichlorohydrin. Burning of the eyes and nasal mucosa was reported along with throat irritation. Seven cases of epichlorohydrin spills on the hands, thighs or feet have been described. In two cases epichlorohydrin was mixed with methanol. All spills resulted in protracted chemical burns with a latent period of between 10 minutes and several hours before the first symptoms appeared. Redness, swelling, edema, erosion and ulceration. One case was reported of a 39 year old man who inhaled a few deep breaths of epichlorohydrin vapor occured. Initially only a slight irritation of the eyes and throat was experienced with headache, nausea and vomiting; later chronic asthmatic bronchitis developed. Several biopsies over 2 yr period showed fatty degeneration together with functional disturbances of the liver. ANIMAL/FISH/PLANT/BACTERIAL/ PROTOZOAN/ STUDIES: When the tails of mice were immersed in undiluted epichlorohydrin for 15-60 minutes, most died exhibiting severe systemic poisoning. Within 7 days, 50% of the rabbits died after the application of epichlorohydrin on an occluded patch of shaved skin for 24 hr. Eight hours after oral administration of epichlorohydrin to rats less than 10% of the dose was recovered in the gastrointestinal tract; peak tissue levels occurred approximately 2 hr after dosing in the males and 4 hr in the females. Almost all orally ingested epichlorohydrin was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of rats. After absorption by rats, epichlorohydrin was distributed widely through out many tissues. Concentrations of epichlorohydrin found in the blood, 2-4 hr after oral ingestion were subsequently exceeded by a factor of 2 or more in the stomach and intestines, kidneys, prostate and lacrimal glands and the liver. Directly after inhalation, such levels occurred mainly in the epithelium of the nasal turbinates, lacrimal glands, kidneys, liver and large intestine. The following metabolites have been identified in the urine of rats: 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-S-cysteine and its mercapturic acid, beta-chloroacetic acid, oxalic acid and 1,3-bis-mercaptylpropanol-2-ol. Epichlorohydrin is an alkylating agent and has been found to react with nucleic acid bases deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine in vitro. After acute intoxication through oral, inhalation or skin exposure death was due to respiratory failure. At lethal doses, histopathological changes were found in the lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenals and thyroid gland of mice and rats. Acute respiratory irritation with hemorrhage and severe edema occurred in rats after inhalation or oral dosing. Rats injected once sc with epichlorohydrin showed nephrotoxic degeneration of the epithelium of the proximal tubules with ischemic cortex necrosis in the first days after exposure. This phase was accompanied by anuria or oliguria then death. Renal insufficiency was noted along with functional disturbances such as proteinuria, increased sodium ion concentration in the urine and an increased potassium ion concentration in the serum. The activity of the enzymes cytochrome c-oxidase, catalase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and to a lesser extent alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was inhibited in renal tissue, while catalase activity was increased in the urine. Regeneration of the kidneys in surviving rats started 5 days after exposure. Slight histological liver changes were also found in mice after 2 hr inhalation exposure to epichlorohydrin which included increased pentobarbital sleeping time in mice and a dose related decrease in histaminases activity in rats. Application of 80% solution epichlorohydrin in cottonseed oil caused corneal damage in the rabbit eye. A 20% solution induced definitive conjunctival and palpebral irritation with edema. Severe skin irritation was seen in a 24 hr occluded patch test on the shaved back of rabbits using a 5% solution of epichlorohydrin in cotton seed oil. Groups of 20 male Wistar rats received epichlorohydrin in water by stomach tube five times a week for 12 weeks. Reduced body weight was noted. From the first week onwards, time and dose related increase was observed in the changes in the basal cell layer of the forestomach such as thickening of the stomach wall, hemorrhaging, hyperplasia and increased number of mitotic figures and nuclei. After 12 weeks some of the rats had papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Each group of 30 female ICR/HCA Swiss mice received an ip dose of epichlorohydrin in tricaprylin once a week for up to 450 rats. A group of 100 mice did not receive any treatment and a group of 50 mice received the vehicle only. Papillary tumors were observed in the lungs of 11 exposed mice and 10 vehicle control mice. A group of 40 C3H mice was painted three times a week with a brushful of undiluted epichlorohydrin on the clipped midline of the back for up to 25 months. At month 17, 30 mice were alive and at moth 24 only 1 . No tumors were found. Female rats received orally epichlorohydrin in cotton seed oil between the 6th and 15th day of pregnancy. Higher dose levels were toxic to the dams, no embryotoxic, fetotoxic or teratogenic effects were observed. Similar negative results were obtained when female rats and rabbits inhaled vapors of epichlorohydrin 7 hr/day between the 6th and 15th or the 18th day of pregnancy. Epichlorohydrin is acutely toxic to blue and green algae, bacteria, crustacea and fish.

Epichlorohydrin

Gastrointestinal

Respiratory

1 x 10 ^-3 mg/m^3

Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Human data are inadequate. Multiple studies in rats and mice administered epichlorohydrin by various routes were positive. As epichlorohydrin is a strong alkylating agent, tumors are produced at the site of application. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of epichlorohydrin. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of epichlorohydrin. Overall evaluation: Epichlorohydrin is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration the known chemical reactivity of epichlorohydrin and its direct activity in a wide range of genetic tests.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Epichlorohydrin: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 11: (1976) Cadmium, Nickel, Some Epoxides, Miscellaneous Industrial Chemicals and General Considerations on Volatile Anaesthetics

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

NB Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Headache. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Vomiting. Tremor. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Burning sensation. Blisters. Serious skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Loss of vision. Severe deep burns.

Sore throat. Burns in mouth and throat. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin with deep pain; nausea, vomiting; abdominal pain; resp distress, cough; cyanosis; reproductive effects; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, kidneys, liver, reproductive system

[in animals: nasal cancer]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

Assuming a human body wt of 70 kg, the acceptable daily intake for epichlorohydrin is 0.15 mg/day.

6 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

1 x 10^-2 mg/m^3

PDF Document

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 250 ppm/8 hr

Minimum inhibitory concentration; Species: Microcystis aeruginosa (Blue algae); Conditions: static, 27 °C, pH 7.0; Concentration: 6.0 mg/L for 8 days; Effect: cell multiplication /from table/

Minimum inhibitory concentration; Species: Scenedesmus quadricauda (Green algae); Conditions: static, 27 °C, pH 7.0; Concentration: 5.4 mg/L for 8 days; Effect: cell multiplication /from table/

Minimum inhibitory concentration; Species: Pseudomonas putida (Bacteria); Conditions: static, 25 °C, pH 7.0; Concentration: 55 mg/L for 16 hr; Effect: cell multiplication /from table/

Minimum inhibitory concentration; Species: Entosiphon sulcatum (Protozoa); Conditions: static, 25 °C, pH 6.9; Concentration: 35 mg/L for 72 hr; Effect: cell multiplication /from table/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for EPICHLOROHYDRIN (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The 14 day LC50 value of epichlorohydrin to the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) was determined. These data were investigated through the construction of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). Both hydrophobicity and alkylating potency of the compound were found to be necessary parameters for the satisfactory description of the LC50 data. The log LC50 experimental data for epichlorohydrin was 0.85 umol/L as compared to the calculated QSAR value of 1.08 umol/L.

1.90e+01

8.20e+01

1.00e+00

4.40e+00

2.00e+00

4.50e-04

9.90e-03

6.00e-03

1.00e-03

Volatile

1.05e+04

5.70e+01

2.50e+02

3.10e+00

1.30e+01

6.10e+00

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Epichlorohydrin's production and use as a solvent for natural and synthetic resins, gums, cellulose esters and ethers, paints, varnishes, nail enamels and lacquers, and cement for celluloid may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 16.4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates epichlorohydrin will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase epichlorohydrin will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 36 days. If released to soil, epichlorohydrin is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 40. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Epichlorohydrin may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Epichlorohydrin is expected to undergo hydrolysis in moist soil surfaces. Limited data suggest that epichlorohydrin may undergo biodegradation in acclimated soil and surface waters. If released into water, epichlorohydrin is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 hours and 12 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process based upon hydrolysis half-lives of 8.2 days and 5.3 days in distilled water and simulated seawater, respectively. Occupational exposure to epichlorohydrin may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where epichlorohydrin is produced or used. Use data suggest that the general population may be exposed to epichlorohydrin via inhalation and dermal contact with products containing this compound. (SRC)

Epichlorohydrin's production and use as a solvent for natural and synthetic resins, gums, cellulose esters and ethers, paints, varnishes, nail enamels and lacquers, and cement for celluloid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.45(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that epichlorohydrin is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of epichlorohydrin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 16.4 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 65,900 mg/L(5). The potential for volatilization of epichlorohydrin from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon the vapor pressure(4). Epichlorohydrin may undergo hydrolysis in moist soil surfaces based on a hydrolysis half-life of 8.2 days in distilled water(6). Epichlorohydrin achieved 3% of the theoretical BOD in a sewage sludge over a 5 day incubation period, but achieved 14% of the theoretical BOD following acclimation(7), suggesting that biodegradation in acclimated soils may be important(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.45(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that epichlorohydrin is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure of 16.4 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 65,900 mg/L(5). Using this estimated Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 hours and 12 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The hydrolysis half-life of epichlorohydrin is 8.2 days in distilled water and 5.3 days in simulated seawater(8). Epichlorohydrin achieved 3% of the theoretical BOD in a sewage sludge over a 5 day incubation period, but achieved 14% of the theoretical BOD following acclimation(9); thus biodegradation in acclimated water may be important(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), epichlorohydrin, which has a vapor pressure of 16.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase epichlorohydrin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 36 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

AEROBIC: An unspecified amount of epichlorohydrin reached 18% of its theoretical BOD in 1 week using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(1). Pure cultures were able to biodegrade epichlorohydrin rapidly to 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol(2). Epichlorohydrin achieved 3% of the theoretical BOD in a sewage sludge over a 5 day incubation period, but achieved 14% of the theoretical BOD following acclimation(3). Epichlorohydrin was 67% biodegraded in an activated sludge degradability test following a 1 day acclimation period(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of epichlorohydrin with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 4.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 36 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Epichlorohydrin hydrolyzes in distilled water to yield 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol, with a half-life of 8.2 days(2). Acid catalysis contributes less than 10% to the rate of hydrolysis and base catalysis is not detectable at pH<10(2). The hydrolysis half-life of epichlorohydrin in 3% sodium chloride (simulated seawater) is 5.3 days(2). The reported hydrolysis half-life of epichlorohydrin in acidic waters (pH = 2.5) was reported as 3.3 days and in alkaline waters (pH = 12) 2.6 days(3). Anions such as chloride attack the epoxide ring producing 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol(4). When irradiated in the presence of 5 ppm nitric oxide to simulate photochemical smog conditions, the half-life of epichlorohydrin was 16 hours(5).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for epichlorohydrin(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.45(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of epichlorohydrin is estimated as 40(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.45(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that epichlorohydrin is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for epichlorohydrin is estimated as 3.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 16.4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 65,900 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that epichlorohydrin is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 19 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 12 days(SRC). However, this process may be superceded by rapid hydrolysis(4). Epichlorohydrin's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Epichlorohydrin is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUND WATER: A concentrations of 75 ppm epichlorohydrin was reported in samples from Point Pleasant, WV, collected in January, 1978 from the closest well to a 20,000 gallon spill resulting from a train accident(1).

SURFACE WATER: Epichlorhydrin was detected, not quantified in unspecified surface water(1).

Detected, not quantified in chemical industry effluent in Louisville, KY(1). Epichlorohydrin was identified, not quantified, in emissions from polyurethane carpet cushions(2). Atmospheric emissions of epichlorohydrin were reported as 479,000 lbs/yr in the US in a 1983 study(3). Epichlorohydrin was identified, not quantified, in sewage samples obtained from a municipal treatment plant which was also supplied with the pre-treated sewage from a chemical plant(4).

SEDIMENT: Epichlorohydrin was identified, not quantified, in river sediment near an epichlorohydrin manufacturing plant in the Netherlands(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: At a distance of 100 to 200 meters from a factory discharging epichlorohydrin into the atmosphere in the former USSR, the airborne epichlorohydrin concentration ranged from 0.5 to 1.2 mg/cu m(1). At a distance of 400 meters, levels in 5 out of 29 samples exceeded 0.2 mg/cu m; at 600 meters, epichlorohydrin was identified, but not quantified(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 80,170 workers (14,921 of these were female) were potentially exposed to epichlorohyddrin in the US(1). Occupational exposure to epichlorohydrin may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where epichlorohydrin is produced or used(SRC). Use data suggest that the general population may be exposed to epichlorohydrin via inhalation and dermal contact with products containing this compound(SRC).

In a 1989 Danish survey on chemical exposures(2), the number of worker exposure events for epichlorohydrin were documented: manufacturing of metals, 40; manufacturing of metal fabricated products 17,500; electrical machinery and apparatus, 2,100; manufacture of transport equipment 260; painters and carpenters 1,500; construction workers, 5,000; publishing and printing, 610; wholesale trades, 1,400; textile and leather manufacturing, 450; wood and furniture manufacturing, 510; manufacture of paints and petroleum, 38; manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, 2,100; manufacture of optical instruments, 1,800; manufacture of plastic and boat building, 150; health services, 44. The total number of work related exposure events was 33,000(1).

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2008)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U014, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Epichlorohydrin is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for EPICHLOROHYDRIN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for EPICHLOROHYDRIN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2023 131P

UN 2023; Epichlorohydrin

IMO 6.1; Epichlorohydrin

49 074 20; Epichlorohydrin

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Flammable Liquid

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 45-10-23/24/25-34-43; S: 53-45; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: II