Allyl bromide

H225 (92.6%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H300 (16.2%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H301 (82.4%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (16.2%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (79.4%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H315 (17.6%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (19.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (26.5%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (64.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (17.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H340 (17.6%): May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (23.5%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (80.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 68 reports by companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

INHALATION: remove from exposure; if not breathing, give artificial respiration; if breathing is difficult, give oxygen; call physician.

EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min. and call physician.

SKIN: flush with water; get medical attention for skin irritation.

INGESTION: do NOT induce vomiting; get medical attention. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Water may be ineffective.

Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Water may be ineffective. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomp products.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spill or leak procedures: Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use appropriate foam to blanket release and supress vapors. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ALLYL BROMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Separate from oxidizing materials, alkalies. Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location.

Keep tightly closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

257.0 [ppm]

0.99 [mg/m3]

23 [mg/m3]

140 [mg/m3]

0.1 [ppm]

0.2 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Goggles and face shield; protective clothing; self-contained breathing appartus for high vapor concentrations. (USCG, 1999)

Goggles and face shield; protective clothing; self-contained breathing apparatus for high vapor concn.

Allyl bromide appears as a clear colorless to light yellow liquid with an irritating unpleasant odor. Flash point 30 °F. Irritates eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Toxic by skin absorption. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water.

Colorless to light yellow liquid with an irritating, unpleasant odor; [Hawley] Colorless liquid; [MSDSonline]

Colorless to light yellow liquid

Unpleasant, pungent

158 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

71.3 °C at 760 mm Hg

71.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-182 °F (USCG, 1999)

28 °F (USCG, 1999)

30 °F (-1 °C)

Miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride

In water, 3,835 mg/L at 25 °C

1.4161 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.398 at 20 °C/4 °C

1.3980 @ 20°C

4.17 (Air = 1)

136.0 [mmHg]

118 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow = 1.79

563 °F (USCG, 1999)

563 °F (295 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen bromide/.

26.9 dynes/cm = 0.0269 N/m at 20 °C

Polymerization may be caused by elevated temperature, oxidizers, peroxides.

Index of refraction: 1.46545 at 20 deg C/D

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Composition

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Dielectric constant

Heat of sublimation

Internuclear distance

Magnetic susceptibility

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole coupling

Nuclear quadrupole moment

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Phase diagram

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

Strong Reducing Agent

ALLYL BROMIDE decomposes upon heating and exposure to light, forming HBr (a strong reducing agent). Reacts violently with oxidizing agents. Can react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. In the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators, may undergo exothermic addition polymerization reactions.

Reacts with oxidizing materials, alkalies.

Organobromide compounds such as allylbromide are strong alkylating agents. Consequently they can readily modify free thiols (cysteines) and methionine residues of the surfaces of proteins leading to the disruption of enzyme, transporter or membrane functions. One of the most probable protein targets is the TRPA1 ion channel that is expressed in sensory nerves (trigeminal nerve) of the eyes, nose, mouth and lungs. Allyl bromide appears to target the stomach and lining of the stomach as animals given chronically high doses exhibit lesions of the forestomach, including hyperplasia, inflammation, degeneration, and hyperkeratosis. Alkylation of DNA by alkylbromides may also lead to mutations or a reduced ability of cells to divide.

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

Acute poisoning of laboratory animals is accompanied by a transient motor agitation followed by depression and loss of balance. Death occurs within 24 hours. Allyl bromide is considered as one of the most toxic of the halogenated hydrocarbons, causing deaths in experimental animals exposed for 4 hr to concentrations as low as 1 mg/L. It is mutagenic but there is no evidence that it is carcinogenic. Target organs are gastrointestinal system, eyes, skin, respiratory system.

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

Causes severe eye and skin burns. Irritating to eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Causes gastrointestinal burns.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

LC50 (rat) = 2020 ppm/30min

LD50: 30 mg/kg (Oral, Guinea pig) (T14)

LD50: 108 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (T14)

LC50: 10 000 mg/kg (Inhalation, Rat) (T14)

LC50 Rat inhalation 10000 mg/cu m/30 min

LD50 Mouse ip 108 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral 30 mg/kg

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water.

INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice.

SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention.

INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

In rats, cysteine magnesium nitrate and cysteine magnesium acetate administration ip resulted in 17-33% higher survival rate following allyl bromide poisoning than did cysteine administration. Cysteine magnesium bromide was as effective as cysteine against allyl bromide poisoning.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Causes severe eye and skin burns. Serious health hazard. May be harmful if absorbed through skin or inhaled. Irritating to eyes, skin, and respiratory system.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Poisoning /of laboratory animals/ is accompanied by a transient motor agitation followed by depression and loss of balance. Death at the narcosis level within 24 hours.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ One of the most toxic of the halogenated hydrocarbons, causing deaths in experimental animals exposed for 4 hr to concentrations as low as 1 mg/L. ... Deaths in animals are apparently due to lung injury, but survivors recover without sequelae.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Allyl ... bromide ... /was/ investigated for /its/ ... properties as sensory irritants in mice. The concentration of the chemical necessary to depress the respiratory rate by 50% (RD50) within the first 10 minutes of exposure due to irritation of the upper respiratory tract ... /was/ 257 ppm. No pulmonary irritation was observed for allyl bromide ... .

/GENOTOXICITY/ A series of compounds, each containing an allylic moiety, was tested using Salmonella typhimurium in a modified Ames mutagenicity assay system. Their mutagenic activity decreased as follows: allyl methanesulfonate, allyl iodide, allyl bromide, and allyl chloride.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ALLYL BROMIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=106-95-6]

Toxicity of 3-bromopropene (BP) with respect to testicular changes was evaluated in male albino Wistar rats (10/treated group, 20 in arachis oil vehicle control group) exposed orally to BP by gavage at dosage levels of 15 or 60 mg/kg/day for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sent for pathological examination. Significant differences between treated and control animals were observed only in reduced body weights (high-dose level). No significant differences between treated and control animals were observed in the following: testes weights, morphology, or detailed macroscopic and microscopic examination of the kidneys, testes, epididymides, ductuli efferentes, and vasa deferentes.

3-Bromopropene (CAS # 106-95-6) was evaluated for subchronic oral toxicity. The test substance was administered by oral gavage to 10 male rats/group for 14 days at 15 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg. Additional groups were exposed to the control vehicles (water or arachis oil) or the positive control, glycerol-a-monochlorohydrin. At 60 mg/kg, signs of compound-related intoxication included excessive salivation in a small number of animals, severe gastric irritation, reduced body weights, and reduced body weight gains. Exposure caused no morphological changes of the reproductive tract and no significant changes in mean testes weights.

LC50 Carassius auratus (Goldfish) <800 ug/L/24 hr; static

LC50 Xenopus laevis (Clawed toad) 660 ug/L/48 hr; static /formulated product/

Allyl bromide's production and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates allyl bromide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl bromide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 20 hours. In addition, vapor-phase allyl bromide will react with ozone with an estimated half-life of 7 days. Allyl bromide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, allyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 230. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. Allyl bromide may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, allyl bromide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Based on BOD values of 56 to 74% in 5 days using sewage sludge, biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Allyl bromide is expected to hydrolyze under environmental conditions with a half-life of 12 hours. Occupational exposure to allyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where allyl bromide is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to allyl bromide via inhalation of ambient air, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing allyl bromide. (SRC)

Allyl bromide's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.79(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of allyl bromide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Allyl bromide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Based on BOD values of 56 and 74% in 5 days using sewage sludge(6), biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.79(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allyl bromide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on BOD values of 56 and 74% in 5 days using sewage sludge(8), biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), allyl bromide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl bromide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 20 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). In addition, vapor-phase allyl bromide will react with ozone with a half-life of 7 days(SRC) calculated from an estimated rate constant of 1.5X10-16 cu cm/ molecule-sec(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Allyl bromide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a standard BOD dilution test and an inoculum from a sanitary waste treatment facility, a theoretical BOD of 56% and 74% was observed over a 5 day incubation period, with stirring and seeding adaptation, respectively(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of allyl bromide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 20 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Allyl bromide is expected to react with ozone in the atmosphere with a estimated rate constant of 1.5X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1) based on a concentration of 7X10+11 molecules of ozone/ cu cm(2); this corresponds to a half-life of 7 days. Allyl bromide is expected to hydrolyze under environmental conditions(SRC) with a half-life of 12 hours(3). Allyl bromide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for allyl bromide(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.79(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of allyl bromide is estimated as 230(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.79(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that allyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for allyl bromide is estimated as 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that allyl bromide is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Allyl bromide's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Allyl bromide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Allyl bromide was detected in the atmosphere at two source dominated sites in Arkansas: over El Dorado at a mean concentration of 7.1X10-1 ppbv (from a total 51 samples with only one sample reported at a concentration of 6.7 ppbv), and over Magnolia at a mean concentration of 3.0X10-1 ppbv (from a total 17 samples with only one sample reported at a concentration of 2.5 ppbv)(1). Allyl bromide was detected in ambient air surrounding Arkansas Chemical Incorp. in El Dorado, AR at three different locations at concentrations of 70, trace, and 29.7 ng/cu meter on September 20, 1976(2). Allyl bromide was also detected in ambient air surrounding Great Lakes Corp. El Dorado, AR at concentrations of 8.4, trace, 8, 2.5 and 24.8 (water tower) ng/cu meter(2). Allyl bromide was also detected in ambient air surrounding Michigan Chemical Corp. El Dorado, AR at concentrations of trace, 3.2, and 32.9 (15-18 ft elevation) ng/cu meter(2). Allyl bromide was also detected in ambient air surrounding Ethyl Corp. Magnolia, AR at concentrations of 9.4 and 15.8 ng/cu meter(2).

Occupational exposure to allyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where allyl bromide is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to allyl bromide via inhalation of ambient air, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing allyl bromide. (SRC)

LC50 Carassius auratus (Goldfish) <800 ug/L/24 hr; static

LC50 Xenopus laevis (Clawed toad) 660 ug/L/48 hr; static /formulated product/

Allyl bromide's production and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates allyl bromide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl bromide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 20 hours. In addition, vapor-phase allyl bromide will react with ozone with an estimated half-life of 7 days. Allyl bromide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, allyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 230. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. Allyl bromide may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, allyl bromide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Based on BOD values of 56 to 74% in 5 days using sewage sludge, biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Allyl bromide is expected to hydrolyze under environmental conditions with a half-life of 12 hours. Occupational exposure to allyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where allyl bromide is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to allyl bromide via inhalation of ambient air, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing allyl bromide. (SRC)

Allyl bromide's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.79(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of allyl bromide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Allyl bromide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Based on BOD values of 56 and 74% in 5 days using sewage sludge(6), biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.79(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allyl bromide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on BOD values of 56 and 74% in 5 days using sewage sludge(8), biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), allyl bromide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl bromide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 20 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). In addition, vapor-phase allyl bromide will react with ozone with a half-life of 7 days(SRC) calculated from an estimated rate constant of 1.5X10-16 cu cm/ molecule-sec(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Allyl bromide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Using a standard BOD dilution test and an inoculum from a sanitary waste treatment facility, a theoretical BOD of 56% and 74% was observed over a 5 day incubation period, with stirring and seeding adaptation, respectively(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of allyl bromide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 20 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Allyl bromide is expected to react with ozone in the atmosphere with a estimated rate constant of 1.5X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1) based on a concentration of 7X10+11 molecules of ozone/ cu cm(2); this corresponds to a half-life of 7 days. Allyl bromide is expected to hydrolyze under environmental conditions(SRC) with a half-life of 12 hours(3). Allyl bromide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for allyl bromide(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.79(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of allyl bromide is estimated as 230(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.79(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that allyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for allyl bromide is estimated as 1.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that allyl bromide is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Allyl bromide's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Allyl bromide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Allyl bromide was detected in the atmosphere at two source dominated sites in Arkansas: over El Dorado at a mean concentration of 7.1X10-1 ppbv (from a total 51 samples with only one sample reported at a concentration of 6.7 ppbv), and over Magnolia at a mean concentration of 3.0X10-1 ppbv (from a total 17 samples with only one sample reported at a concentration of 2.5 ppbv)(1). Allyl bromide was detected in ambient air surrounding Arkansas Chemical Incorp. in El Dorado, AR at three different locations at concentrations of 70, trace, and 29.7 ng/cu meter on September 20, 1976(2). Allyl bromide was also detected in ambient air surrounding Great Lakes Corp. El Dorado, AR at concentrations of 8.4, trace, 8, 2.5 and 24.8 (water tower) ng/cu meter(2). Allyl bromide was also detected in ambient air surrounding Michigan Chemical Corp. El Dorado, AR at concentrations of trace, 3.2, and 32.9 (15-18 ft elevation) ng/cu meter(2). Allyl bromide was also detected in ambient air surrounding Ethyl Corp. Magnolia, AR at concentrations of 9.4 and 15.8 ng/cu meter(2).

Occupational exposure to allyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where allyl bromide is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to allyl bromide via inhalation of ambient air, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing allyl bromide. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ALLYL BROMIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1099 131P

UN 1099; ALLYL BROMIDE

IMO 3.2; ALLYL BROMIDE

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid Poison