1,3-butadiene

H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P222, P280, P318, P377, P381, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.1% (2 of 1783) of reports.

H220 (99.8%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

H280 (33.3%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H340 (99.9%): May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (99.9%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361 (24.7%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H412 (24.7%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P222, P273, P280, P318, P377, P381, P403, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1783 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 1783 reports by companies.

There are 26 notifications provided by 1781 of 1783 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P222, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P337+P317, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P222, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P304+P340, P318, P319, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361fd: Suspected of damaging fertility; Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P222, P280, P318, P377, P381, P403, P405, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: CAUTION: Exposure of skin to compressed gases may result in freezing of the skin. Treatment for frostbite may be necessary. Remove the victim from the source of contamination. IMMEDIATELY wash affected areas gently with COLD water (and soap, if necessary) while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Dry carefully with clean, soft towels. Call a hospital or poison control center IMMEDIATELY even if no symptoms (such as inflammation or irritation) develop. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected area if advised to do so by a physician.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: This compound is a gas, therefore inhalation is the first route of exposure.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Frostbite - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.

Skin: Frostbite - Compressed gases may create low temperatures when they expand rapidly. Leaks and uses that allow rapid expansion may cause a frostbite hazard. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent the skin from becoming frozen.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116 [Gases - Flammable (Unstable); polymerization hazard]:

DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray or fog. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with water spray, powder, carbon dioxide, foam. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.

If a fire involving 1,3-butadiene becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, evacuate from a radius of 2500 feet.

If 1,3-butadiene is on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped; Use water in flooding quantities as fog; Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water and apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Respiratory protection for fire fighting: A self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

To fight fire, stop flow of gas.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for 1,3-BUTADIENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,3-Butadiene vapors are heavier than air and a flame can flash back to the source of leakage.

Floats and boils on water. Flammable visible vapor cloud is produced.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116 [Gases - Flammable (Unstable); polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Shut off cylinder if possible. Isolate the area until the gas has dispersed. NEVER direct water jet on liquid.

Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.

Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

/Accidental release methods/ Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapours accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Butadiene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Leak detection: Areas suspected of leaks should be painted with a soap solution; Leaks will be evident by the formation of small bubbles. Under no circumstances should a match or flame be used to detect butadiene leaks.

Leaks of flammable gases require special handling. All sources of ignition should be eliminated at once. If practical, the cylinder should be removed to a safe, out-of-doors area, and plainly tagged as defective. If the gas is also toxic, proper breathing equipment should be /worn/ before transporting the cylinder to the disposal area. Warnings should be posted in the area to prevent persons from approaching the cylinder with lit cigarettes or open flames. Attach an appropriate control valve to the cylinder valve outlet and adjust the gas discharge to a moderate discharge rate. When the cylinder is empty, close the cylinder valve and follow the supplier's directions for cylinder return, after informing the supplier of the defect. The local fire department may be of help in removing the leaking cylinder to the disposal area.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,3-BUTADIENE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 116 [Gases - Flammable (Unstable); polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024)

Store only if stabilized. Fireproof. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from incompatible materials and food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. See Physical Dangers. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for proper storage conditions.

Outside or detached storage is preferred. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Isolate from oxidizing materials.

Storage temperature: ambient. Venting: safety relief.

MUST BE KEPT INHIBITED DURING STORAGE ... STORAGE IS USUALLY UNDER PRESSURE OR IN INSULATED TANKS BELOW 35 °F.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for 1,3-BUTADIENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - 1,2 Dihydroxy-4-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-butane in urine = 2.5 mg/L at end of shift; Mixture of N-1 and N-2-(hydroxybutenyl)valine hemoglobin (Hb) adducts in blood = 2.5 pmol/g Hb sampling time not critical;

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

27,000***

22,000***

14,000**

Level of Distinct Odor Awareness (LOA) = 3.7ppm Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) = 20,000ppm * = >10% LEL; **>50% LEL; *** = > 100% LEL For values denoted as * safety considerations against the hazard(s) of explosion(s) must be taken into account. For values denoted as ** and *** extreme safety considerations against the hazard(s) of explosion(s) must be taken into account.

AEGLs Status: Interim

670 [ppm]

5300 [ppm]

22000 [ppm]

Ca See Appendix A

1.0 [ppm], STEL(OSHA) = 5 ppm

1 ppm (2.21 mg/m³)

5 ppm (11 mg/m³)

[1910.1051] TWA 1 ppm ST 5 ppm

2000 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

2000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: Exposures to 6,700 ppm for 7.5 hours/day, 6 days/week for 8 months caused no progressive injury in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, or 1 dog [Carpenter et al. 1944]. Human data: Narcosis did not occur in volunteers exposed to 8,000 ppm for 8 hours [Carpenter et al. 1944]. Exposure to 10,000 ppm for 5 minutes has resulted in slight irritation and dryness of the nose and mouth with some increase in pulse rate but no effect on blood pressure or respiration [Shugaev 1968].

NIOSH considers 1,3-butadiene to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

2000 ppm

Ca [2000 ppm] [10%LEL]

See: 106990

2.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A2; Suspected human carcinogen.

2 ppm as TWA; A2 (suspected human carcinogen).

2.2 mg/m

carcinogen category: 1; germ cell mutagen group: 2

ERPG-1: 10 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 200 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 5,000 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

Russia: 100 mg/cu m.

Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 10 ppm (no more than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure. Odor should be detectable near ERPG-1.; ERPG(2) 200 ppm (without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 5000 ppm (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure.

A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.

The substance at very high concentrations is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause depression of the central nervous system.

The substance may have effects on the bone marrow. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. May cause heritable genetic damage to human germ cells.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1,3-Butadiene:

Butadiene is a colorless gas with an aromatic odor. It is shipped as a liquefied gas under its vapor pressure. Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. It is easily ignited. Its vapors are heavier than air and a flame can flash back to the source of leak very easily. It can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. It must be shipped inhibited as butadiene is liable to polymerization. If polymerization occurs in the container, it may violently rupture. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is used to make synthetic rubber and plastics, and to make other chemicals.

Gas Vapor; Large Crystals; Liquid

Colorless gas with a mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor. [Note: A liquid below 24 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.] Vapor density = 1.87 (heavier than air); [HSDB]

COLOURLESS COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED GAS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless gas with a mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor.

Colorless gas with a mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor. [Note: A liquid below 24 °F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]

Colorless gas ... [Note: A liquid below 24 degrees F. Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas]

MIldly aromatic odor

Mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor

24.1 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

-4.41 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-164 °F (NTP, 1992)

-108.966 °C

-108.9 °C

-108.91 °C

-105 °F (NTP, 1992)

-76 °C c.c.

-105 °F (liquid)

NA (Gas) -105 °F (Liquid)

Insoluble (NTP, 1992)

In water, 735 mg/L at 20 °C

Slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol; soluble in organic solvents such as carbon tetrachloride; alcohol dissolves about 40 vols at room temp.

Soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene; very soluble in acetone

0.735 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.1 (none)

Insoluble

0.621 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.6149 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Absolute density, gas at 101.325 kPa at 0 °C: 2.428 kg/cu m; Relative density, gas at 101.325 kPa at 0 °C (air = 1): 1.878; Density, liquid at saturation pressure at 20 °C: 0.621 kg/l; Critical density: 0.245 kg/cu m

Relative density (water = 1): 0.6

0.621 at 68 °F

0.6149 @25 °C

0.65 (Liquid at 24 °F)

1.88(relative gas density)

1.87 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1.87 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.9

1840 mmHg at 70 °F ; 760 mmHg at 23.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

273.6 kPa (2,052 mm Hg) at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 245

Highly flammable. In contact with air, butadiene may form violently explosive peroxides, which can be exploded by mild heat or shock. Solid butadiene absorbs enough oxygen at sub atmospheric pressures to make it explode violently when heated just above its melting point [Ind. Eng. Chem. 51:733 1959].

Conjugated Dienes

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

Peroxidizable Compound

A colorless gas, it can react with oxidizing reagents. Upon long exposure to air it forms explosive peroxides. They are sensitive to heat or shock; sudden polymerization may occur [Scott, D. A., Chem. Eng. News, 1940, 18, p.404]. Butadiene polyperoxides are insoluble in liquefied butadiene (m. p. -113 °C, b. p. -2.6 °C) and progressively separate leading to local concentration build up. Self-heating from a spontaneous decomposition will lead to explosion [Hendry, D. G. et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1968, 7, p. 136, 1145]. Explodes on contact with aluminum tetrahydroborate, potentially explosive reaction with chlorine dioxide (peroxide) and crotonaldehyde (above 180 °C). Reaction with sodium nitrite forms a spontaneously flammable product [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 539].

Solid butadiene at below -113 °C will absorb enough oxygen at subatmospheric pressure to explode violently when allowed to melt.

An explosion and fire occurred in the pipework of a vessel in which dilute butadiene was stored under an "inert gas" atmosphere generated by combustion of fuel gas in a limited supply of air. The "inert gas" containing up to 1.8% oxygen and traces of nitrogen, reacted over an extended period in the vapor phase to produce concentrations of a gummy material containing up to 64% butadiene peroxide and 4.2% of a butadiene-nitrogen complex. The deposits decomposed explosively.

When mixed with air, it forms potentially explosive peroxides.

Reaction with sodium nitrite forms a spontaneously flammable product. Exothermic reaction with boron trifluoride etherate + phenol.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for 1,3-BUTADIENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Phenol, chlorine dioxide, copper, crotonaldehyde [Note: May contain inhibitors (such as tributylcatechol) to prevent self-polymerization. May form explosive peroxides upon exposure to air.]

Butadiene

A: Compounds that form explosive levels of peroxides without concentration

C*: Compounds that autopolymerize due to peroxide formation if inhibitors are depleated or not present

Many accounts of explosive decomposition during high hazard procedures or after extended contact with oxygen. See Bretherick's for detailed accounts.

Scott, D. A., Chem. Eng. News, 1940, 18, 404

Hendry,D.G.etal.,Ind.Eng.Chem.,Prod.Res.Dev., 1968, 7, 136, 1145

Mayo, F. R. et al., Prog. Rept. No. 40, Sept. 1971,

Stamford Res. Inst. Project PRC-6217

Keister, R. G. et al., Loss Prev., 1971, 5, 69

Penkina, O. M. et al., Chem. Abs., 1975, 83, 29457

Miller, G. H. et al., J. Polymer Sci. C, 1964, 1109–1115

Vervalin, 1964, 335–338, 358–359

Harmon, 1974, 2.5–2.6

Alexander,D.S.,Ind.Eng.Chem.,1959,51,733–738

Thayer, A., Chem. Eng. News, 2000, 78(17), 10

Fisher, H. G. et al., Int. Symp. Runaway React.,

Pressure Relief Des., Effluent Handl.,1998, 445

www.acusafe.com/Newsletter, 2000(May)

Levin, M. E. et al., J. Haz. Mat., 2004, 115(1–3), 71

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1,3-Butadiene is a product of incomplete combustion resulting from natural processes and human activity. It is also an industrial chemical used in the production of polymers, polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene rubbers and lattices and nitrile-butadiene rubbers. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: 1,3-Butadiene can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. An association between exposure to this chemical in the occupational environment and leukemia has been well established. In the largest and most comprehensive study conducted to this date, involving a cohort of workers in multiple plants, mortality due to leukemia increased with estimated cumulative exposure to 1,3-butadiene in styrene-butadiene industry; this association remained after controlling for exposure to styrene and benzene and was strongest in those subgroups with highest potential exposure. An association between 1,3-butadiene and leukemia was observed in an independently conducted case-control study of largely the same population of workers. However, there was no increase in mortality due to leukemia in butadiene monomer production workers who were not concomitantly exposed to some of the other substances present in the styrene-butadiene rubber industry, although there was some limited evidence of an association with mortality due to lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma in some subgroups. There is also limited evidence from occupationally exposed populations that 1,3-butadiene is genotoxic in humans, inducing mutagenic and clastogenic damage in somatic cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: Metabolism of 1,3-butadiene appears to be qualitatively similar across species, although there are quantitative differences in the amounts of putatively toxic metabolites formed; mice appear to oxidize 1,3-butadiene to the monoepoxide, and subsequently the diepoxide metabolite to a greater extent than humans. This chemical is of low acute toxicity in experimental animals. Longterm exposure to 1,3-butadiene was associated with the development of ovarian atrophy in mice. Atrophy of the testes was also observed in male mice at greater concentrations than those associated with effects in females. Based on limited available data, there is no conclusive evidence that 1,3-butadiene is teratogenic in experimental animals following maternal or paternal exposure or that it induces significant fetal toxicity at concentrations below those that are maternally toxic. 1,3-Butadiene also induced a variety of effects on the blood and bone marrow of mice; although data are limited, similar effects have not been observed in rats. Inhaled 1,3-butadiene is a potent carcinogen in mice, inducing tumors at multiple sites at all concentrations tested in all identified studies. 1,3-Butadiene was also carcinogenic in rats at all exposure levels in the only relevant study available; although only much higher concentrations were tested in rats than in mice, rats appear to be the less sensitive species, based on comparison of tumor incidence data. 1,3-Butadiene is mutagenic in somatic cells of both mice and rats, the mutagenic potency was greater in mice than rats. 1,3-Butadiene induced other genetic damage in somatic cells of mice, but not in those of rats. This chemical was also consistently genotoxic in germ cells of mice. No persistent immunology defects were detectable after inhalation exposure to this tumorigenic agent in mice. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Bean plants exposed to 1,3-butadiene at 10,000 ppm exhibited an 18% increase in petiole abscission as compared to controls. No effect was observed at a concn of 1 ppm, and while exposure to 10, 100, and 1000 ppm doses increased abscissions 2, 5, and 8%, respectively.

Certain metabolites of 1,3-butadiene have been shown to bind to DNA and nucleoproteins, forming protein-DNA and DNA-DNA crosslinks. Specifically, 1,2-epoxybutene-3 and diepoxybutane react with guanine to cause crosslinking. (L990, A293)

1,3-Butadiene

Hematologic

Reproductive

2 x 10 ^-3 mg/m^3

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Evaluation - 1,3-Butadiene There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene. 1,3-Butadiene causes cancer of the hematolymphatic organs. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene. In mice, 1,3-butadiene causes tumors of the hematopoietic system (lymphoma and histiocytic sarcoma), heart (hemangiosarcoma), lung, forestomach, Harderian gland, preputial gland, liver, mammary gland, ovary, and skin. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of D,L-diepoxybutane. D,L-Diepoxybutane causes skin tumours in rats. There is strong evidence that the carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in humans operates by a genotoxic mechanism that involves formation of reactive epoxides, interaction of these direct-acting mutagenic epoxides with DNA, and resultant mutagenicity. The metabolic pathways for 1,3-butadiene metabolism in experimental animals have also been shown in humans. Overall Evaluation 1,3-Butadiene is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Inadequate human data and sufficient rodent (mouse and rat) studies in which exposure to airborne concentrations of 1,3-butadiene caused multiple tumors and tumor types form the basis for this classification. Related compounds are carcinogenic and mutagenic. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient.

A2; Suspected human carcinogen.

1,3-Butadiene: known to be a human carcinogen.

Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 54: (1992) Occupational Exposures to Mists and Vapours from Strong Inorganic Acids; and Other Industrial Chemicals

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

Volume 97: (2008) 1,3-Butadiene, Ethylene Oxide and Vinyl Halides (Vinyl Fluoride, Vinyl Chloride and Vinyl Bromide)

Volume 100F: (2012) Chemical Agents and Related Occupations

TR-434: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,3-Butadiene (CASRN 106-99-0) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (1993 )

11/21/91

Chemical Not Tested in Species/Sex

Clear Evidence

The previous inhalation studies of 1,3-butadiene (TR-288) in male and female B6C3F1 mice provided clear evidence of carcinogenicity at exposure concentrations of 625 or 1,250 ppm. The present inhalation studies - 2-year exposures of 6.25, 20, 62.5, 200, or 625 ppm or shorter duration exposures of 200, 312, or 625 ppm - provide a better characterization of the concentration-dependent responses for 1,3-butadiene-induced neoplasms and nonneoplastic lesions. The present studies confirmed the clear evidence of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of neoplasms in the hematopoietic system, heart, lung, forestomach, liver, harderian gland, preputial gland, brain, and kidney. There was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of neoplasms in the hematopoietic system, heart, lung, forestomach, liver, harderian gland, ovary, and mammary gland.

Low incidences of intestinal carcinomas in male mice, Zymbal's gland carcinomas in male and female mice, and renal tubule adenomas and skin sarcomas in female mice may also have been related to administration of 1,3-butadiene.

TR-288: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,3-Butadiene (CASRN 106-99-0) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (1984 )

10/28/83

Under the conditions of these studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity for 1,3-butadiene in male and female B6C3F1 mice, as shown by increased incidences and early induction of hemangiosarcomas of the heart, malignant lymphomas, alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas, and papillomas of the stomach in males and females; and of acinar cell carcinomas of the mammary gland, granulosa cell tumors of the ovary, and hepatocellular adenomas and adenomas or carcinomas (combined) in females. 1,3-Butadiene was associated with nonneoplastic lesions in the respiratory epithelium, liver necrosis, and testicular or ovarian atrophy.

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Breathing high levels of 1,3-butadiene causes central nervous system damage. Chronic exposure may also cause lung damage and kidney, liver, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, 1,3-butadiene is a known human carcinogen. (L990)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact (liquid)

Inhalation (L990)

Cough. Headache. Drowsiness.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.

irritation eyes, nose, throat; drowsiness, dizziness; liquid: frostbite; teratogenic, reproductive effects; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Breathing 1,3-butadiene may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. High levels of 1,3-butadiene can also cause, blurred vision, nausea, fatigue, headache, decreased blood pressure and pulse rate, and unconsciousness. Skin contact with liquid 1,3-butadiene can cause irritation and frostbite. (L990)

Cancer, Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system), Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system), Hematological (Blood Forming), Neurological (Nervous System), Reproductive (Producing Children)

Eyes, respiratory system, central nervous system, reproductive system

[hemato cancer]

TLm Pinperch 71.5 mg/l/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

7.60e-02

3.30e-01

9.40e-02

4.10e-01

7.10e-02

8.0E+01(G)

6.00e-01

2.00e-03

Volatile

6.67e+02

5.40e+00

2.30e+01

6.30e+00

2.60e+01

7.10e+00

8.0E+01 (G)

Environmental effects from the substance have not been investigated adequately.

1,3-Butadiene's production and use in the manufacture of polymers such as synthetic rubber, plastics and resins and as chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Emissions from motor vehicles, tobacco smoke, the thermal breakdown or burning of plastics and by volatilization from gasoline will result in its direct release to the environment. 1,3-Butadiene is released directly to the environment in emissions from combustion of wood and smoke of bush fires. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2,052 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3-butadiene will exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,3-butadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone molecules and nitrate radicals with half-lives 6 hours, 44 hours and 8 hours, respectively. Atmospheric reaction with nitrate radicals is an important night time sink for 1,3-butadiene. 1,3-Butadiene absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1,3-butadiene is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 40. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0736 atm-cu m/mole. 1,3-Butadiene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Laboratory studies employing pure bacterial cultures isolated from lake and soil samples were shown to degrade 1,3-butadiene to 1,2-epoxybutene, however it is not clear what the rate of degradation is under environmental conditions. If released into water, 1,3-butadiene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. The biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene in aerobic waters has been reported as 7 days and the half-life in anaerobic waters was reported as 28 days. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.2 hours and 2.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 10 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Since 1,3-butadiene is an olefin, it may be susceptible to photooxidation in natural waters exposed to sunlight. Occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-butadiene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,3-butadiene via inhalation of ambient air (particularly near areas of heavy vehicular traffic), inhalation of tobacco smoke, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound. (SRC)

1,3-Butadiene is released directly to the environment in emissions from combustion of wood(1) and smoke of bush fires(2).

1,3-Butadiene's production and use in the manufacture of polymers such as synthetic rubber, plastics and resins and as chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1,3-Butadiene is released directly to the environment in emissions from motor vehicles(2,3) and tobacco smoke(3). Butadiene is also released to the atmosphere from the thermal breakdown or burning of plastics and by volatilization from gasoline(3). 1,3-Butadiene is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and levels lower than those found in occupational settings occur in ambient air which mainly originate from combustion products (motor vehicle emissions and tobacco smoke)(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-butadiene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-butadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0736 atm-cu m/mole(SRC),calculated from its vapor pressure of 2,052 mm Hg(3) and water solubility of 735 mg/L(4). 1,3-Butadiene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Laboratory studies employing pure bacterial cultures isolated from lake and soil samples were shown to degrade 1,3-butadiene to 1,2-epoxybutene(5,6), however it is not clear what the rate of degradation is under environmental conditions(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 40(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-butadiene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0736 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure of 2,052 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 735 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.2 hours and 2.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 10(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.99(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The biodegradation half-life in aerobic waters has been reported as 7 days and the half-life in anaerobic waters was reported as 28 days(8). 1,3-Butadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to a lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3,8). 1,3-Butadiene is an olefin and olefins can degrade in natural waters via photooxidation (with hydroxyl, peroxy and singlet oxygen radicals) with a half-life on the order of 25 days(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-butadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 2,052 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,3-butadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.93X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Gas-phase 1,3-butadiene is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 44 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.24X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Atmospheric reaction with nitrate radicals is an important night time sink for 1,3-butadiene(4,5); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1,3-Butadiene absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 1,3-Butadiene was listed in a group of chemicals which should be biodegraded by biological sewage treatment as long as suitable acclimatization is achieved(1). The biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene in aerobic waters has been reported as 7 days and the half-life in anaerobic waters was reported as 28 days(2). Using a test similar to OECD Guideline 301D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test), initial 1,3-butadiene concentrations 2.06 and 4.95 ppm achieved 4% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using a sludge inoculum of 1 drop/liter(3,4); the results failed the "readily biodegradable" criteria(3,4), but lack of test details make assessment of the degradation problematic(4).

PURE CULTURE: Methane-utilizing bacteria (Methylosinus trichosporium, Methylococcus capsulatus, and facultative Methylobacterium organophilum) isolated from a lake in Warinanco Park, Linden NJ and from soil samples from Bayway Refinery, Linden, NJ were shown to degrade 1,3-butadiene to 1,2-epoxybutene(1). Sixteen species of propane-utilizing bacteria (Mycobacterium, Brevibacterium, Pseodomonas, Nocardia, Arthrobacter, Algicenes and Acinetobacter ssp) isolated from a lake in Warinanco Park, Linden NJ and from soil samples from Bayway Refinery, Linden, NJ were shown to degrade 1,3-butadiene to 1,2-epoxybutene(1).

The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of 1,3-butadiene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 6.93X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of 1,3-butadiene with ozone molecules has been measured as 6.24X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 44 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(1). The atmospheric reaction with nitrate radicals has been recognized as an important night time sink for 1,3-butadiene(3,4). The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of 1,3-butadiene with nitrate radicals has been measured as 1.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at a nighttime atmospheric concentration of 2.5X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(5). 1,3-Butadiene absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(1) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). 1,3-Butadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to a lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(6,7). 1,3-Butadiene is an olefin and olefins can degrade in natural waters via photooxidation (with hydroxyl, peroxy and singlet oxygen radicals) with a half-life on the order of 25 days(8).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated in fish for 1,3-butadiene(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.99(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1,3-Butadiene is reported to have low bioconcentration based on tests using carp (Cyprinus carpio)(4), however, actual BCF values were not reported(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,3-butadiene can be estimated to be 40(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-butadiene is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-butadiene is estimated as 0.0736 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2052 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 735 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-butadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.9 days(SRC). 1,3-Butadiene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,3-Butadiene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: 1,3-Butadiene is included in the US EPA list of contaminant candidates considered known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and may require regulation under the Safe Water Driking Act(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1,3-Butadiene was detected in 1 of 204 samples of 14 heavily industrialized river basins in the US (1975-76) at a concentration of 2 ppb(1).

1,3-Butadiene was emitted at a mean rate of 20.7 mg/km in 6 motor vehicles without catalytic converters and at a mean rate of 2.1 mg/km in the exhaust of vehicles with catalytic converters(1). The emission rate (40 °F) of 1,3-butadiene in a vehicle using an oxygenated fuel was 3.10 mg/mi and the emission rate in the same vehicle using a non-oxygenated fuel was 5.75 mg/mi(2). It was also shown that vehicles equipped with oxidation catalysts significantly decreased the emissions of 1,3-butadiene(2). 1,3-Butadiene was emitted at rates of 0-1.5 mg/mi in vehicles using 8 different fuels including alternative fuels containing mixtures of alcohol and gasoline(3). The mean emission rate of 10 4-stroke lawnmower engines using a standard gasoline was 0.25 g/kW-hr, and the mean emission rate from the same engines using an oxygenated fuel containing 12% methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) was 0.22 g/kW-hr(4). The average concentration of 1,3-butadiene in landfill gas from the Fresh Kills landfill, NY was 3.98 ppm(5). A monitor study conducted at the Gubrist highway tunnel (Switzerland) in 2004 determined a 1,3-butadiene emission factor of 0.57 mg/km(6). The 1,3-butadiene emission factor from the fireplace combustion of pine wood was 117 mg/kg wood burned(7). 1,3-Butadiene was detected in diesel exhaust emissions(8) and from various cookstoves in China(9). Average 1,3-butadiene levels of 199.54-1985.16 ug/cu m were detected in emissions from smoldering incense(10).

RURAL/REMOTE: 1,3-Butadiene was detected at concentrations of 0.1 to 6.5 ppb in Jones State Forest, TX (Jan 1978)(1). The results of several studies have reported the North American background concentration of 1,3-butadiene ranges from <0.02 to 0.10 ug/cu m(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1,3-Butadiene was detected in Riverside, CA at concentrations of 0 to 0.7 ppb (6 samples, afternoons with heavy haze; Aug-Nov 1965); 2.0 ppb (moderately heavy haze and clear sky, March 1966) to 9.0 ppb (light haze and partly cloudy, Dec 1965)(1). 1,3-Butadiene was detected in Los Angeles central business district at concentrations of 0 to 9 ppb(2). The average concentration of 1,3-butadiene in urban air samples in the US was 1.5 ppb for 1977-1978(3). The concentration of 1,3-butadiene in London, England ranged from 0.4-2.4 ppb from July 1991 to September 1992(4). 1,3-Butadiene was detected at concentrations of 0-2.5 ug/cu m (average concentration of 0.81 ug/cu m) in Los Angeles, CA during the summer of 1993(5). The mean concentration of 1,3-butadiene in downtown Porto Alere, Brazil (March 20 1996 to April 16 1997) was 2.7 mg/cu m(6). Based upon 74 observations between Nov 1999 and Jan 2000, the mean concentration of 1,3-butadiene in the Huntington Park region of Los Angeles, CA was 0.51 ug/cu m(7). A mean 1,3-butadiene concentration of 0.3 ug/cu m was detected at 27 locations in Perth Australia between August and December 2000(8). 1,3-Butadiene was detected in outdoor air samples collected near 74 homes in Ottawa Canada during the winter of 2002/2003 an arithmetic mean level of 0.16 ug/cu m(9).

INDOOR AIR: 1,3-Butadiene was detected in 1 of 14 samples of indoor air in Arizona at a concentration of 0.38 ug/cu m(1). A monitoring study conducted in Boston MA between 2003 and 2005 detected geometric mean 1,3-butadiene concentrations of 0.21 and 1.05 ug/cu m in public stores and public dining facilities respectively(2). A maximum 1,3-butadiene concentration of 4.4 ug/cu m was detected in the indoor air of 100 New Jersey homes sampled between 2003 and 2006(3). 1,3-Butadiene was detected in 32% of all indoor air samples collected from 75 homes in Ottawa Canada during the winter of 2002/2003(4); concentrations ranged from 0.016-3.65 ug/cu m with an arithmetic mean of 0.5 ug/cu m(4). Levels of 1,3-butadiene in smoky indoor environments are typically 10-20 ug/cu m (5-9 ppb)(5).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,3-Butadiene was detected in industrial areas of Houston, including tunnels at concentrations of 0-33.3 ppb (average 24.8 ppb)(1). The average concentration of 1,3-butadiene in source dominated areas of the US was 1.9 ppb (1977-1980)(2). 1,3-Butadiene was identified, not quantified, in Homebush Bay, Australia (industrial area), June 3, 1975(3). Mean 1,3-butadiene levels of 0.9 and 1.8 ug/cu m have been reported for Birmingham, UK(4).

1,3-Butadiene was detected in 6 out of 6 vegetable oils packaged in a butadiene based plastic container at concentrations of 8-9 ppb(1).

1,3-Butadiene is a component of tobacco smoke(1). The average concentration of 1,3-butadiene in cigarette smoke was 14 ug/cu m(2). The emission factor of 1,3-butadiene from cigarette smoke has been reported to range from 157-554 ug/cigarette(3). Mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke contain approximately 20-40 ug and 80-130 ug 1,3-butadiene per cigarette, respectively(4). 1,3-Butadiene was identified, not quantified, in polybutadiene film food wrapping products(5).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 29 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of 1,3-butadiene in the United States may be as low as <10 workers and as high as 1000-9999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Butadiene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 116P GASES - FLAMMABLE (Unstable)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Silane will ignite spontaneously in air. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Butadienes, stabilized; Butadienes and hydrocarbon mixture, stabilized/

/GUIDE 116P GASES - FLAMMABLE (Unstable)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. /Butadienes, stabilized; Butadienes and hydrocarbon mixture, stabilized/

/GUIDE 116P GASES - FLAMMABLE (Unstable)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. /Butadienes, stabilized; Butadienes and hydrocarbon mixture, stabilized/

/GUIDE 116P GASES - FLAMMABLE (Unstable)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Butadienes, stabilized; Butadienes and hydrocarbon mixture, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1010 116P(inhibited)

UN 1010; Butadienes, stabilized or Butadienes and hydrocarbon mixture, stabilized containing more than 40% butadienes.

IMO 2.1; Butadienes, stabilized or Butadienes and hydrocarbon mixture, stabilized containing more than 40% butadienes.

49 057 03; Butadiene, inhibited (butadiene, impure, for further refining)

49 057 04; Butadiene, inhibited (butadiene from petroleum)

49 057 05; Butadiene, inhibited (butadiene from alcohol)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Butadienes, stabilized or Butadienes and hydrocarbon mixture, stabilized containing more than 40% butadienes/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Butadienes, stabilized or Butadienes and hydrocarbon mixture, stabilized containing more than 40% butadienes/

Flammable Gas

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Transport only if stabilized.

Symbol: F+, T; R: 45-46-12; S: 53-45; Note: D

UN Hazard Class: 2.1