Propyl mercaptan

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319 (95.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1512 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P261, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1-Propanethiol:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective.

Flashback along vapor trail may occur.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Ethyl mercaptan is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration (2,000 °F) followed by scrubbing with a caustic solution. /Ethyl mercaptan/

Incineration ... : Incinerate scrap material under controlled conditions using afterburner and a scrubber to neutralize sulfur dioxide ... . /Ethyl mercaptan/

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.

Open flames and other ignition sources should be excluded from areas where thiols, especially the more volatile ones, are used. Emergency procedures and routine work practices should emphasize proper handling, containment of spills... The primary purpose of control measures is to reduce the potential for inhalation or skin contact with thiols, with special emphasis on the eyes. Whenever feasible, control at the source of exposure should be implemented. This may involve enclosure of the operation and/or the use of local exhaust ventilation. /Thiols/

Safety showers, eye wash fountains and fire extinguishers should be located in areas where appreciable amounts of thiols are used. Handwashing facilities, soap and water, should be made available to involved employees. /Thiols/

Clothing which is contaminated with ethyl mercaptan should be removed immediately and placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of ethylmercaptan from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or cleaned, the person performing the operation should be informed of ethyl mercaptan's hazardous properties. /Ethyl mercaptan/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PROPYL MERCAPTAN (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and strong acids.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.045 [ppm]

0.50 [ppm]

320 [ppm]

C 0.5 ppm (1.6 mg/m3) [15-minute]

See: IDLH INDEX

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Exposure at high levels could cause lowering of consciousness.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1-Propanethiol:

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift).

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide: EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. (NIOSH, 2024)

Goggles or face shield; rubber gloves; self-contained breathing apparatus or organic canister mask.

Plastic gloves; goggles or face shield. /Ethyl mercaptan/

Where ... engineering controls are not sufficient to reduce airborne concentrations to acceptable levels respirators may be necessary to prevent pulmonary irritation and systemic effects. At low concentrations (less than 5 ppm) a chemical cartridge respirator with a half-mask facepiece and organic vapor cartridges can be used. At high concentrations, supplied air respirators, with a full facepiece, are necessary. /Thiols/

Chemical protective clothing should be selected after utilizing available performance data, consulting with the manufacturer, and then evaluating the clothing under actual use conditions. Workers should be provided with and required to use chemical protective clothing, gloves, face shield (8-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with n-butyl mercaptan. Workers should be provided with and required to use splashproof safety goggles where ethyl mercaptan may come in contact with the eyes. /Ethyl mercaptan/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for PROPYL MERCAPTAN (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Up to 5 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator

Up to 12.5 ppm:

Propyl mercaptan appears as a colorless liquid with a strong, offensive odor. Moderately toxic. Flash point below 0 °F. Less dense than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence floats on water. Used as a chemical intermediate and a herbicide.

Colorless liquid with an offensive, cabbage-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless to pale yellow liquid with cabbage-like, sulfuraceous odour

Colorless liquid with an offensive, cabbage-like odor.

COLORLESS, MOBILE LIQUID

Colorless liquid

Offensive

Characteristic odor of cabbage

The headspace composition changed rapidly after the onion cutting-related cell disruption. Propanethial S-oxide (the lachrymatory factor) and breakdown products dominated 0-to-10 minutes after cutting an onion. Propanethiol, dipropyl disulfide, and trace amounts of thiosulfinates then appeared, and the concentrations reached a maximum 60 minutes after cutting. Propanethiol, present at the highest concentrations, has an odor activity value is 20 times higher than dipropyl disulfide, and is suggested to be the main source of the characteristic onion odor.

BELOW 2-3 PPM SWEET ONION & CABBAGE-LIKE FLAVOR

153 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

67.00 to 68.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

67-68 °C

-171 °F (USCG, 1999)

-113.3 °C

5 °F (USCG, 1999)

-5 °F; -20.5 °C

Slight (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible in ethanol, ether; very soluble in acetone

SOL IN PROPYLENE GLYCOL

Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene

In water, 1.90X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

1.9 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.190

soluble in water, alcohol, propylene glycol and oils

(in ethanol)

0.841 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.843 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.84

0.842-0.847

0.8411 @ 20°C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.63

155 mmHg at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

154.2 [mmHg]

154.2 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 20.7 (calculated)

154.2 [mm Hg] @25 °C

(77 °F): 155 mmHg

log Kow = 1.81

Highly flammable.

Highly flammable. Vapors explosive when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. Slightly soluble in water.

Sulfides, Organic

Highly Flammable

PROPANETHIOLS are flammable, moderately toxic liquid, stench. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. Violent reaction and flash fire on contact with calcium hypochlorite [Stephenson, F. G., Chem. Eng. News, 1973, 51(26), p. 14].

PROPYL MERCAPTAN emits toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur when heated to decomposition. Reacts violently on contact with calcium hypochlorite [Chem. Eng. News, 1973, 51(26), p. 14].

Oxidizers, reducing agents, strong acids and bases, alkali metals, calcium hypochlorite.

An explosion occured when 10 grams of calcium hypochlorite was dumped into a beaker containing 5 milliliters of 1-propanethiol.

Calcium hypochlorite and mercaptans will react violently.

Oxidizers, reducing agents, strong acids & bases, alkali metals, calcium hypochlorite

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Drowsiness. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; headache, nausea, dizziness, cyanosis; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, blood, liver, kidneys

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

LC50 (rat) = 7,300 ppm/4h

LC50 Rat inhalation 7,300 ppm/4 h

LD50 Rat oral 1,730 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 515 mg/kg

LC50 Mouse inhalation 4010 ppm/4 hr

Cysteine, 2-propanethiol, and 2-mercaptoethylamine were found to potentiate the action of bradykinin on the rat blood pressure. These same thiols were ineffective on the in vitro rat ileum, although on the guinea pig ileum only 2-propanethiol was observed to be ineffective.

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 m1/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

Prior to placing a worker in a job with a potential for exposure to ethyl mercaptan, the physician should evaluate and document the worker's baseline health status with thorough medical, environmental, and occupational histories, a physical examination, and physiologic and laboratory tests appropriate for the anticipated occupational risk. These should concentrate on the function and integrity of the nervous and respiratory systems. Medical surveillance for respiratory disease should be conducted by using the principles and methods recommended by NIOSH and the American Thoracic Society (ATS). A preplacement medical evaluation is recommended in order to detect and assess preexisting or concurrent conditions which may be aggravated or result in increased risk when a worker is exposed to n-butyl mercaptan at or below the NIOSH REL. The examining physician should consider the probable frequency, intensity, and duration of exposure, as well as the nature and degree of the condition, in placing such a worker. Such conditions, which should not be regarded as absolute contraindications to job placement, include chronic diseases of the respiratory system. /Ethyl mercaptan/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation causes muscular weakness, convulsions, and respiratory paralysis; high concentrations may cause pulmonary irritation.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...The strong, offensive smell of propyl mercaptan can cause headache and nausea in humans. Contact with the liquid or vapor may irritate the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Acute respiratory effects were associated with propyl mercaptan exposure from potato fields treated with the pesticide ethoprop. High concentrations of vapor can cause a sense of coldness at the extremities, tachycardia, pulmonary irritation, cyanosis, respiratory paralysis, and unconsciousness.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In the manufacture of rubber, irritant contact dermatitis may occur from a variety of acids, alkalies, detergents, and solvents used in the process. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs not infrequently and is almost always due to an organic accelerator or antioxidant. /Mercapto compounds/

/CASE REPORTS/ Soon after ethoprop (Mocap) had been used to treat a potato field adjacent to Dorris, California, nearby residents began complaining of shortness of breath, dizziness, and an onion like odor. The nematocide Mocap had been applied to a 145 acre field at 118 pounds/acre (11.8 pounds/acre as the active ingredient) after seed potatoes were planted. Mocap was air blasted onto the soil, and tilled in; the field was then irrigated. N-Propyl-mercaptan (107039), a contaminant and degradation product of Mocap, has a characteristic onion like odor. This prompted a survey of the entire population of the town (population 1000). Most of the houses in the town were within 0.8 kilometers of the edge of the potato field. Health survey questionnaires were completed by 421 residents. Headache, diarrhea, runny nose, sore throat, burning/itching eyes, fever, hay fever attacks and asthma attacks had the most highly elevated health effect incidence risks. While the residents of the town did appear to experience an increase in symptoms associated with exposure to n-propyl-mercaptan, this increase was not strictly a function of proximity of the resident to the sprayed field. With the exception of skin rash, the perception of odor appeared related significantly to the occurrence of symptoms. The stronger the perceived odor and the longer its duration, the greater the number of effects reported and their severity. The authors recommend that human exposure to n-propyl-mercaptan be minimized to the extent practicable through restricted applications and modified agricultural uses.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Propyl mercaptan produced severe eye irritation when instilled into rabbit eyes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In the 24 hr occluded dermal toxicity test, 2000 mg/kg /to the rabbit's skin/ produced gray mottled skin which became dry, thick, and corrugated after 4 days. Animals reportedly experienced pain immediately after application.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ During exposures, clinical signs /in rats/ included depressed activity, squinting, ataxia, shaking movements, and labored breathing.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exposure of animals to high concentration of vapor has induced rubbing and closure of eyes in about 15 min. Application of drop to rabbit eyes caused moderate immediate irritation. Hyperemia of conjunctiva, chemosis, and discharge increased for 1 or 2 days, but eyes returned to normal in 8 days.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PROPYL MERCAPTAN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea) 60 ug/L/48 hr; static /formulated product/

Environmental effects from the substance have not been investigated adequately.

Propyl mercaptan's production and use as a synthetic flavoring agent, chemical intermediate, gas odorant may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Propyl mercaptan is found in manure gas from domestic animal pens, in various crude oils, and in volatile products from onions and related plant bulbs, and is formed by biological processes. If released to air, an extrapolated vapor pressure of 154 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates propyl mercaptan will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propyl mercaptan will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours. Propyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, propyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 230. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Propyl mercaptan may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Slow biooxidation using a Warburg test(8) suggests that biodegradation not an important environmental fate process. If released into water, propyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 hours and 3.5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to propyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propyl mercaptan is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to propyl mercaptan via inhalation of certain raw food aromas, such as onion, chicken, and beef. (SRC)

Propyl mercaptan has been qualitatively detected in crude oil samples(1,2). The occurrence of small amounts of alkyl mercaptans in crude oil is believed to result from microbial action on elemental sulfur(2). Mercaptans are formed naturally in biological processes and exist in all living systems(2-3); the lower alkyl mercaptans, such as the propyl mercaptans, occur in manure gas from domestic animal pens(2) and have obnoxious odors at low concns(2-4). Propyl mercaptan has been identified in the volatile products of freshly crushed onion and related plant bulbs(5).

Propyl mercaptan's production and use as a synthetic flavoring agent, chemical intermediate, gas odorant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.81(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that propyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propyl mercaptan from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Propyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 154 mm Hg(5). Slow bio-oxidation using a Warburg respirometer with Alcaligenes faecalis(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.81(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that propyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb moderately to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 hours and 3.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The concentration of propyl mercaptan decreased over a distance of 0 to 54 meters using lysimeters to simulate dump leachate movement in groundwater indicating biotic degradation in soil(7); however, slow biooxidation using a Warburg test(8) suggests that biodegradation not an important environmental fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propyl mercaptan, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 154 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propyl mercaptan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.83X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Propyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.

Using a Warburg respirometer, propyl mercaptan was slowly bio-oxidized by a pure culture seed of Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria that was isolated from an activated sludge(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propyl mercaptan with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 4.83X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). Values of 5.3X10-11 and 4.59X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C have also been reported(2,3). These correspond to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The hydroxyl radical reaction proceeds primarily through OH addition to the sulfur(1); based upon chamber experiments with similar sulfur compounds(4), the reaction products may include propylsulfonic acid(SRC). Propyl mercaptan is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(5). Propyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for propyl mercaptan(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.81(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of propyl mercaptan is estimated as 230(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.81(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that propyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for propyl mercaptan is 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that propyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.5 days(SRC). Propyl mercaptan's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Propyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 154 mm Hg(3).

LC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea) 60 ug/L/48 hr; static /formulated product/

Environmental effects from the substance have not been investigated adequately.

Propyl mercaptan's production and use as a synthetic flavoring agent, chemical intermediate, gas odorant may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Propyl mercaptan is found in manure gas from domestic animal pens, in various crude oils, and in volatile products from onions and related plant bulbs, and is formed by biological processes. If released to air, an extrapolated vapor pressure of 154 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates propyl mercaptan will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propyl mercaptan will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours. Propyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, propyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 230. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Propyl mercaptan may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Slow biooxidation using a Warburg test(8) suggests that biodegradation not an important environmental fate process. If released into water, propyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 hours and 3.5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to propyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propyl mercaptan is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to propyl mercaptan via inhalation of certain raw food aromas, such as onion, chicken, and beef. (SRC)

Propyl mercaptan has been qualitatively detected in crude oil samples(1,2). The occurrence of small amounts of alkyl mercaptans in crude oil is believed to result from microbial action on elemental sulfur(2). Mercaptans are formed naturally in biological processes and exist in all living systems(2-3); the lower alkyl mercaptans, such as the propyl mercaptans, occur in manure gas from domestic animal pens(2) and have obnoxious odors at low concns(2-4). Propyl mercaptan has been identified in the volatile products of freshly crushed onion and related plant bulbs(5).

Propyl mercaptan's production and use as a synthetic flavoring agent, chemical intermediate, gas odorant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.81(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that propyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propyl mercaptan from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Propyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 154 mm Hg(5). Slow bio-oxidation using a Warburg respirometer with Alcaligenes faecalis(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 230(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.81(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that propyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb moderately to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 hours and 3.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The concentration of propyl mercaptan decreased over a distance of 0 to 54 meters using lysimeters to simulate dump leachate movement in groundwater indicating biotic degradation in soil(7); however, slow biooxidation using a Warburg test(8) suggests that biodegradation not an important environmental fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propyl mercaptan, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 154 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propyl mercaptan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.83X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Propyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.

Using a Warburg respirometer, propyl mercaptan was slowly bio-oxidized by a pure culture seed of Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria that was isolated from an activated sludge(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of propyl mercaptan with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 4.83X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). Values of 5.3X10-11 and 4.59X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C have also been reported(2,3). These correspond to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The hydroxyl radical reaction proceeds primarily through OH addition to the sulfur(1); based upon chamber experiments with similar sulfur compounds(4), the reaction products may include propylsulfonic acid(SRC). Propyl mercaptan is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(5). Propyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated for propyl mercaptan(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.81(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of propyl mercaptan is estimated as 230(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.81(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that propyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for propyl mercaptan is 4.08X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that propyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.5 days(SRC). Propyl mercaptan's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Propyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 154 mm Hg(3).

Propyl mercaptan was qualitatively detected in exhaust gases collected from the sulfate and semi-alkaline pulping processes of a Finish pulp mill(1). The compound was identified as a component of landfill gas collected from domestic waste disposal sites in Augsbach and Munich, Germany but not sewage gas collected from treatment plants in Munich, Germany(2).

Propyl mercaptan was qualitatively detected in the volatile components of raw chicken breast muscle(1). It was also detected not quantified as a beef volatile component(2).

Propyl mercaptan has been identified in the volatile products of freshly crushed onion and related plant bulbs(1).

Propyl mercaptan was qualitatively detected in crude oil samples collected from TX(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,435 workers are potentially exposed to propyl mercaptan in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to propyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where propyl mercaptan is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to propyl mercaptan via inhalation of certain raw food aromas, such as onion, chicken, and beef(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Ethyl mercaptan is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration (2,000 °F) followed by scrubbing with a caustic solution. /Ethyl mercaptan/

Incineration ... : Incinerate scrap material under controlled conditions using afterburner and a scrubber to neutralize sulfur dioxide ... . /Ethyl mercaptan/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Propanethiols/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Propanethiols/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Propanethiols/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Propanethiols/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PROPYL MERCAPTAN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2402; Propanethiols

IMO 3.1; Propanethiols

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II