Allyl chloride

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301+H311+H331 (66.2%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (73.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (26.2%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (73.6%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (26.2%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (50.1%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (49.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (73.6%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (26.2%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (98.4%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341 (100%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H372 (27.8%): Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373 (76.4%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 880 reports by companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H290: May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, the exposure level and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use water spray, dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. If leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse vapors and to provide protection for men attempting to stop leak. Water spray may be used to flush spills away from exposures.

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Vapor is heavier than air (vapor-air density at 100 °F, 2.2) and may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear hood ductwork. Burn paper in suitable location...

Large quantites can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Allyl chloride should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as sewer, because of possibility of explosion.

Environmental considerations: Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.

Environmental considerations: Water Spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill to control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural active agent (detergent, soaps, alcohol), if approved by EPA. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentrations, apply activated carbon at ten times the spill amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Air Spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Allyl chloride is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. 1800 °F, 2 sec minimum.

Allyl chloride may be disposed of by atomizing in suitable combustion chamber equipped with an effluent gas cleaning device.

Biodegradation: In aqueous wastes allyl chloride is converted after a while to allyl alc, which is biodegraded in sewage treatment plants. The concn of the soln, however, may not exceed 100 ppm, otherwise the micro-organisms will be damaged. Concn wastes are destroyed in special waste disposal facilities.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ALLYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

If material /is/ not on fire and /is/ not involved in /a/ fire keep sparks, flames, and other sources o ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use spray water to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry.

Ambient storage temperature, venting should be pressure-vacuum type.

Protect from physical damage. Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location away from any area where fire hazard may be acute. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from oxidizing materials.

Keep containers sealed. Remove any sources of ignition.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

2330.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Interim

2.8 [ppm]

54 [ppm]

140 [ppm]

1 ppm (3 mg/m³)

2 ppm (6 mg/m³)

TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) ST 2 ppm (6 mg/m3)

1.0 [ppm]

TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) See Appendix G

250 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

250.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH. . The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by Deichmann and Gerarde [1969] that a 1-hour exposure to 300 ppm might cause serious effects.

See: 107051

2.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 ppm; Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 2 ppm

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

1 ppm as TWA; 2 ppm as STEL; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 3

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Allyl chloride appears as a clear colorless liquid with an unpleasant pungent odor. Flash point -20 °F. Boiling point 113 °F. Less dense than water (7.8 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapor irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Vapors are heavier than air. Long exposure to low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations may have adverse health effects from inhalation or skin absorption.

Colorless, brown, yellow, or purple liquid with a pungent, unpleasant odor; [NIOSH] Odor is similar to garlic; [ACGIH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless, brown, yellow, or purple liquid with a pungent, unpleasant odor.

RED LIQUID

Colorless, brown, yellow, or purple liquid ...

Pungent, unpleasant odor.

113 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

44-45 °C

44.6 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-210.1 °F (NTP, 1992)

-134.5 °C

-136.4 °C

-25 °F (NTP, 1992)

Flash point equals -25 ° F

-28.9 °C (OPEN CUP); -31.7 °C (CLOSED CUP)

-32 °C c.c.

1 to 10 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether, petrol ether

In water, 3,370 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.36

0.94 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.938 at 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.94

0.9376 @ 20°C

2.64 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.64 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.6

340 mmHg at 68 °F ; 440 mmHg at 86 °F (NTP, 1992)

368.0 [mmHg]

368 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 39.3

295 mmHg

365 [mm Hg] @20 °C

737 °F (USCG, 1999)

Ignition temp, 737 °F (392 °C)

Allyl chloride will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.

29.04 KJ/mol

0.0289 N/m at 15 °C

10.05 eV

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

Strong Reducing Agent

ALLYL CHLORIDE presents a serious fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame or oxidizing agents. Polymerizes violently and exothermically with Lewis acids (aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, sulfuric acid) or metals (aluminum, magnesium, zinc, or galvanized metal) [MCA SD-99, 1973]. Incompatible with acids (nitric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum), with strong bases (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide), with ethyleneimine and ethylenediamine [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 36]. Attempts to alkylate benzene or toluene using allyl chloride in the presence of ethylaluminum chlorides have led to explosions.

Contact with aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride, or sulfuric acid may cause a violent exothermic polymerization. Contact with aluminum, magnesium, zinc (or galvanized metals) may produce similar results.

It has been found that allyl chloride...will react with benzene or toluene, even at -70 °C, in presence of ethyl aluminum dichloride or ethyl aluminum sesquichloride. Explosions have been reported.

Incompatible with nitric acid, ethyleneimine, ethylenediamine, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, sodium hydroxide,

Strong oxidizers, acids, amines, iron and aluminum chlorides, magnesium, zinc.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ALLYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, acids, amines, iron & aluminum chlorides, magnesium, zinc

Allyl chloride

1 x 10 ^-3 mg/m^3

3-Chloropropene

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Classification is based on a low (but biologically important) incidence of forestomach tumors in female mice and positive results in a variety of genetic toxicity tests. Allyl chloride is an alkylating agent and structurally related to probable human carcinogens. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of allyl chloride. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of allyl chloride. Overall evaluation: Allyl chloride is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 36: (1985) Allyl Compounds, Aldehydes, Epoxides and Peroxides

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

Volume 125: (2020) Some Industrial Chemical Intermediates and Solvents

2020 online

TR-073: Bioassay of Allyl Chloride for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 107-05-1) (1978 )

06/29/78

No Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

Under the conditions of this bioassay no convincing evidence was presented for the carcinogenicity of allyl chloride in Osborne-Mendel rats of either sex. The results are suggestive that allyl chloride is carcinogenic in male and female B6C3F1 mice since the compound, when administered by gavage caused a low incidence of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the forestomach.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Dizziness. Weakness. Laboured breathing. Vomiting. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Burning sensation. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Vomiting.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, mucous membrane; pulmonary edema; In Animals: liver, kidney injury

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

IRIS Current

HEAST Current

LC50 (rat) = 2000 ppm/4H

LD50 Rabbit dermal 2066 mg/kg

LD50 Dog iv 7.15 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 155 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 425 mg/kg

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) 10 mg/L/24 hr, /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) 57.68 mg/L/24 hr (95% confidence interval: 48.87-68.76 mg/L); static /formulated product/

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) 53.54 mg/L/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 43.01-71.14 mg/L); static /formulated product/

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (Guppy) 51.08 mg/L/96 hr (95% confidence interval: 41.03-67.02 mg/L); static /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ALLYL CHLORIDE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The 14 day LC50 value of allyl chloride to the guppy (poecilia reticulata) was determined. These data were investigated through the construction of a quantitative structure-activity relationship. Both hydrophobicity and alkylating potency of the compound were found to be necessary parameters for the satisfactory description of the LC50 data. The log LC50 experimental data for allyl chloride was 1.20 umol/L as compared to the calculated quantitative structure-activity relationship value of 2.82 umol/L.

7.20e-01

3.20e+00

4.70e-01

2.00e+00

7.30e-01

4.00e+00

2.30e-04

2.10e-02

1.00e-03

Volatile

1.42e+03

5.00e+00

2.10e+01

3.10e+00

1.30e+01

6.30e+00

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Allyl chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 368 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates allyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 0.8 days. Allyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, allyl chloride is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 51. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.10X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. In addition, allyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, allyl chloride is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. A BOD of 62% measured in the Japanese MITI test, indicates that biodegradation of allyl chloride is expected to be an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 3 days, respectively. A calculated BCF range of <0.14 to <1.3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Allyl chloride is hydrolyzed at pH=7 with a half-life of approximately 8 days. Occupational exposure to allyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where allyl chloride is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to allyl chloride via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

Allyl chloride has not been reported to occur in nature.

Allyl chloride's production and use as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

A report on chemical emissions determined that 1,112,000 lbs/year of allyl chloride were emitted to the atmosphere during 1978(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 51(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3,370 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allyl chloride is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of allyl chloride from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.10X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a vapor pressure of 368 mm Hg(4), and water solubility of 337 mg/L(5). Allyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). A BOD of 62% in the Japanese MITI test(6) indicates that biodegradation is expected to be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 51(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 3,370 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that allyl chloride is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.10X10-2 atm-cu m/ mol derived from it's vapor pressure, 368 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 337 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a measured BCF range of <0.14 to <1.3(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Allyl chloride will undergo hydrolysis at pH=7 with a half-life of approximately 8 days(8). Based on a BOD of 62% in the Japanese MITI test(7), biodegradation is expected to be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), allyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 368 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase allyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 0.8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.70X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Allyl chloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Allyl chloride, present at 100 mg/L, reached 62% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). In a standard biodegradability test using a sewage seed, 14 and 25% of the theoretical BOD was achieved in 5 days using nonacclimated and acclimated seed, respectively(2). In a test using activated sludge, allyl chloride was readily biodegradable(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of allyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.70X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 0.8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Chloroacetaldehyde is the expected product(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of allyl chloride with ozone has been estimated as 1.5X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4). Allyl chloride will undergo hydrolysis at pH=7 with a half-life of approximately 8 days(5). According to a separate study, the products of hydrolysis are allyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid(6). Allyl chloride does not contain a chromophore that absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

BCF values of <0.14 and <1.3 when exposed to concns of 0.5 and 0.05 ppm, respectively, were measured for allyl chloride(SRC), using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over a 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of allyl chloride is estimated as 51(SRC), using a water solubility of 3,370 mg/L(1) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that allyl chloride is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for allyl chloride is estimated as 1.10X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 368 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 337 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that allyl chloride is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 days(SRC). Allyl chloride's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of allyl chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: A 1999 study of 78 shallow drinking wells in New Jersey detected no allyl chloride in any of the sampled wells(1).

SURFACE WATER: A study of 42 raw water samples taken from the Great Lakes in 1987 found no detectable amounts of allyl chloride where the limit of detection was 0.1 ug/L(1).

A report on chemical emissions found that 1,112,000 lbs/year of allyl chloride were emitted to the atmosphere during 1978(1). In a 1988 study of industrial waste effluents, allyl chloride was not detected in any water samples at 37 different sampling sites throughout Canada(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: A qualitative study of air contaminants in 4 major cities (Boston, Chicago, Houston, and Tacoma) in 1991 found 2% of the samples contained allyl chloride(1). A study in Porto Allegre, Brazil detected no allyl chloride in 46 air samples in 1999(2). Air samples taken at 4 different locations in Rousse, Bulgaria found 5 of 384 samples during 1995-96 contained a detectable amount of allyl chloride; detection limit was 0.1 ppb(3). A study in Lima, OH in 1990-91 detected no allyl chloride in 21 air samples where the limit of detection was 0.32 ug/cu m(4).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Tested for but not detected at the 5 parts/trillion level in air samples from Houston TX, Denver CO, St Louis MO, and Riverside CA(1). In the same study, Pittsburgh air samples were found to contain <1 to 19 parts/trillion allyl chloride with a 6 parts/trillion mean; number of samples was unspecified(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Allyl chloride is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. 1800 °F, 2 sec minimum.

Allyl chloride may be disposed of by atomizing in suitable combustion chamber equipped with an effluent gas cleaning device.

Biodegradation: In aqueous wastes allyl chloride is converted after a while to allyl alc, which is biodegraded in sewage treatment plants. The concn of the soln, however, may not exceed 100 ppm, otherwise the micro-organisms will be damaged. Concn wastes are destroyed in special waste disposal facilities.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ALLYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ALLYL CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1100 131P

UN 1100; Allyl chloride

IMO 3.1; Allyl chloride

49 074 12; Allyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid Poison

Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: F, Xn, N; R: 11-20/21/22-36/37/38-40-48/20-68-50; S: (2)-16-25-26-36/37-46-61; Note: D

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I