acrylonitrile (inhibited)

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (2 of 1097) of reports.

H225 (99.8%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H301 (97.8%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (97.2%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (99.8%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (99.8%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (99.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (97.1%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (99.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350 (99.8%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361 (15.2%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H411 (97.8%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1097 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 1097 reports by companies.

There are 26 notifications provided by 1095 of 1097 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects, including skin reactions, may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely. Heart palpitation may begin within minutes after exposure.

Note: Acrylonitrile is very readily absorbed through the skin.

Signs and Symptoms of Acrylonitrile Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to acrylonitrile may include hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate), followed by hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Cherry-red mucous membranes and blood, cardiac arrhythmias, and other cardiac abnormalities are common. Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes) is not a consistent finding. Tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate) may be followed by respiratory depression. Lung hemorrhage and pulmonary edema may also occur. Headache, vertigo (dizziness), agitation, and giddiness may be followed by combative behavior, convulsions, paralysis, protruding eyeballs, dilated and unreactive pupils, and coma. Acrylonitrile is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. Lacrimation (tearing) and a burning sensation of the mouth and throat are common. Excessive salivation, nausea, and vomiting may also occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to acrylonitrile may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to acrylonitrile.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with acrylonitrile-contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning.

3. RUSH to a health care facility!

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to acrylonitrile.

4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

6. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water.

7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with acrylonitrile-contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self-poisoning.

2. RUSH to a health care facility!

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

In advanced or massive fires, fire fighting should be done from a safe distance or a protected location. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog or foam. Stay away from ends of tanks. Do not get water inside container. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. For massive fire in cargo area, use unmanned hose holder or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Acrylonitrile (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Vapors are heavier than air and May travel to A source of ignition and flash back. Liquid May float on water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1093 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 100 m (300 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.2 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.6 km (0.4 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 1.3 km (0.8 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 2.3 km (1.5 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Remove solutions containing acrylonitrile by vacuum cleaning to prevent an increase in airborne concentrations.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Acrylonitrile (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U009, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic; polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Keep in the dark. Ventilation along the floor. Store only if stabilized.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C. Light sensitive. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Isolate from alkalies and oxidizing materials. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Do not store uninhibited acrylonitrile.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

0.15 [ppm]

1.7 [ppm]

28 [ppm]

10 ppm [15 minutes]

Ca TWA 1 ppm C 10 ppm [15-minute] [skin] See Appendix A

2.0 [ppm], Ceiling(OSHA) = 10 ppm

2 ppm [1 ppm Action Level]

10 ppm [15 minute]

[1910.1045] TWA 2 ppm C 10 ppm [15-minute] [skin]

60 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

60.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH. . The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by Spector [1956] about a rat 4-hour LC50 of 500 ppm [Carpenter et al. 1949]. . . . Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for acrylonitrile is 85 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Schwanecke 1966].

NIOSH considers acrylonitrile to be a potential occupational carcinogen. [85 ppm]

Ca [60 ppm]

See: 2016-167

2.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2 ppm, skin.

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

2 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

carcinogen category: 2; sensitization of skin (SH); skin absorption (H)

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

Acrylonitrile, stabilized appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong pungent odor. Flash point 32 °F. Prolonged exposure to the vapors or skin contact harmful. Density 6.7 lb / gal. Vapors heavier than air. Combustion produces toxic oxides of nitrogen. Requires storage and handling in closed systems. Used in insecticides and to make plastics, fibers and other chemicals. Rate of onset: Immediate Persistence: Minutes to hours Odor threshold: 17 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Plastics, coatings, adhesives industries; dyes; pharmaceuticals; flam gas.

Liquid; Other Solid; CBI

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with an unpleasant odor. [Note: Odor can only be detected above the PEL.]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS OR PALE YELLOW LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with an unpleasant odor.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with an unpleasant odor. [Note: Odor can only be detected above the PEL.]

Clear, colorless liquid at room temperature

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid

Practically odorless, or with a very slight odor of peach kernels

Sweet odor

Irritating odor

Unpleasant odor

Onion, garlic, pungent

171 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

77.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-116 °F (EPA, 1998)

-83.51 °C

-83.48 °C

32 °F (EPA, 1998)

-5 °C (23 °F) - closed cup

32 °F(0 °C)(open cup)

-1 °C c.c.

10 to 50 mg/mL at 70.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

Solubility of water in acrylonitrile: 3.1 parts water/100 parts acrylonitrile

In water, 7.45X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Very soluble in ethanol, acetone, benzene, ether

Acrylonitrile is ... miscible with ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, ethylene cyanohydrin, liquid carbon dioxide, ... toluene, petroleum ether, and xylene.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 7

0.8004 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8007 at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.806 @ 20°C

1.9 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

1.83 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.8

100 mmHg at 73.4 °F (EPA, 1998)

109.0 [mmHg]

109 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 11.0

83 [mm Hg] @20 °C

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Nitriles

Acrylates and Acrylic Acids

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

ACRYLONITRILE produces poisonous hydrogen cyanide gas on contact with strong acids or when heated to decomposition. Reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents (dibenzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butylperoxide, bromine) [Sax, 9th ed., p. 61]. Rapidly ignites in air and forms explosive mixtures with air. Polymerizes violently in the presence of strong bases or acids. Underwent a runaway reaction culminating in an explosion on contact with a small amount of bromine or solid silver nitrate [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 404].

Incompatible materials: Oxidizing agents, copper.

Strong oxidizers, acids and alkalis; bromine; amines. [Note: Unless inhibited (usually with methylhydroquinone) may polymerize spontaneously or when heated or in presence of strong alkali. Attacks copper.]

Explosive polymerization may occur on storage with silver nitrate. Potentially explosive reactions with benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide + pyrrole, tetrahydrocarbozole + benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide. Violent reactions with strong acids (e.g., nitric or sulfuric), strong bases, azoisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butylperoxide, or bromine.

... Very reactive and polymerizes violently in the presence of strong bases. ... May polymerize spontaneously, particularly in the absence of oxygen or on exposure to light.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Acrylonitrile (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, acids & alkalis; bromine; amines [Note: Unless inhibited (usually with methylhydroquinone), may polymerize spontaneously or when heated or in presence of strong alkali. Attacks copper.]

Acrylonitrile

C: Compounds that autopolymerize due to peroxide formation if inhibitors are depleated or not present

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acrylonitrile is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature. Acrylonitrile is used as a monomer for acrylic and modacrylic fibers and whiskers, in copolymers with styrene and butadiene (ABS resins), in the manufacture of adiponitrile, and in nitrile rubbers. Acrylonitrile is no longer used as a fumigant and nitrile resins made with acrylonitrile are no longer used to make beverage bottles. HUMAN STUDIES: Dermal exposure to acrylonitrile causes irritation, burns, and blisters. Additionally, dermal exposure to acrylonitrile can lead to systemic toxicity and lethality. Chronic effects can also occur after exposure to acrylonitrile vapors or liquid. 576 Japanese workers exposed to 5-20 ppm acrylonitrile over 10 yr showed headache, fatigue, nausea, and weakness with symptoms of anemia, jaundice, conjunctivitis, and abnormal whole blood and serum specific gravity, cholinesterase, urobilinogen, bilirubin, urinary protein, and sugar values, indicative of liver injury and a general toxic effect. In cultured human bronchial epithelial cells acrylonitrile induced cytotoxicity, sister chromatid exchanges and DNA single strand breaks. Acrylonitrile affected semen quality among exposed workers. Acrylonitrile or its metabolites could induce reproductive defects as an in vivo multipotent genotoxic agent by inducing DNA strand breakage and sex chromosome non-disjunction in spermatogenesis. Exposure to acrylonitrile in pregnant workers caused increasing risk of preterm delivery and birth defects. ANIMAL STUDIES: After a single oral dose of 46.5 mg/kg bw acrylonitrile, moderate to marked hyperplasia of the Clara cells lining the bronchioles was observed in male rats. A 10% aqueous solution administered to the eyes of a rabbit caused a trace of pain and slight conjunctival irritation immediately following contact. There was no corneal injury at any time. The conjunctiva was completely normal within 24 hours. Intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg bw acrylonitrile daily for three weeks to adult rats resulted in loss of body weight, leukocytosis, functional disturbances in the liver and kidneys, slight damage to the neuronal cells of the brain stem and cortex and parenchymal degeneration of the liver and kidneys. A single intravenous dose of 150 mg/kg bw (15 mg/animal) acrylonitrile administered to rats produced bilateral adrenocortical hemorrhage and necrosis. Acrylonitrile was administered in the drinking water to rats for 2 yr at dose levels of 35, 100, and 300 ppm. A statistically significant incidence of tumors was observed in the brain (astrocytomas), ear canal (Zymbal gland), stomach (nonglandular portion), mammary gland (females only), tongue, pituitary gland, pancreas (males only), and uterus. Rats exposed by inhalation to 40 or 80 ppm of acrylonitrile had no statistically significant changes in reproductive success or fetal development. Only the pups of rats administered acrylonitrile per os (65 mg/kg) for days 6 to 15 of gestation had an increase in malformations. At the high dose level there was a significant increase in acaudate or short-tailed fetuses. The majority of other abnormalities including short trunk, anteriorly displaced ovaries, missing ribs, and imperforate anus were observed in the acaudate and short-tailed fetuses whether these animals were from the control or experimental group. The only anomaly that occurred solely in treated animals was a right-sided aortic arch, which appeared in one fetus from the 25 mg/kg/day group and one fetus from the 65 mg/kg/day group. Acrylonitrile, in aqueous or gas phases, induced reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA1530, TA1535, TA1950, TA100, TA1538, TA98 and TA1978 in the presence of metabolic activation.

Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97)

Acrylonitrile

Gastrointestinal

Respiratory

2 x 10 ^-3 mg/m^3

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) (Pesticide/Volatile Organic Compound (VOC))

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Acrylonitrile is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Cancer Classification: Group B1 Probable Human Carcinogen

CLASSIFICATION: B1; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: The observation of a statistically statistically significant increase in the incidence of lung cancer in exposed workers and observation of tumors, generally astrocytomas in the brain, in studies in two rat strains exposed by various routes (drinking water, gavage, and inhalation) forms the basis for this classification.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of acrylonitrile. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acrylonitrile. Overall evaluation: Acrylonitrile is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans

Volume 19: (1979) Some Monomers, Plastics and Synthetic Elastomers, and Acrolein

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

Volume 136: (2025) Talc and Acrylonitrile

2025 online

TR-506: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Acrylonitrile (CASRN 107-13-1) in B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) (2001 )

05/03/01

Chemical Not Tested in Species/Sex

Clear Evidence

Under the conditions of this 2-year gavage study, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of acrylonitrile in male and female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of forestomach and harderian gland neoplasms. Neoplasms of the ovary and lung in female mice may have been related to administration of acrylonitrile.

Nonneoplastic lesions of the forestomach and harderian gland in males and of the forestomach and ovary in females were associated with administration of acrylonitrile by gavage for 2 years.

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a short time harms the brain and heart and can even cause coma, seizures, apnea, cardiac arrest and death. Chronic inhalation of cyanide causes breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Skin contact with cyanide salts can irritate and produce sores. (L96, L97)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L96) ; inhalation (L96) ; dermal (L96)

Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Vomiting. Weakness. Convulsions. Chest tightness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Blisters. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin; asphyxia; headache; sneezing; nausea, vomiting; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness; skin vesiculation; scaling dermatitis; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Cyanide poisoning is identified by rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, general weakness, giddiness, headaches, vertigo, confusion, convulsions/seizures and eventually loss of consciousness. (L96, L97)

Cancer, Developmental (effects during periods when organs are developing), Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system), Neurological (Nervous System), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, central nervous system

[brain tumors, lung & bowel cancer]

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: static bioassay; Concentration: 2600 ug/L for 30 days

LC50; Species: /Lagodon rhomboides/ (Pinfish); Conditions: saltwater, static bioassay; Concentration: 24,500 ug/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill); Conditions: static bioassay; Concentration: 11,800 ug/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: flow through; Concentration: 10,100 ug/L for 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Acrylonitrile (24 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2.50e-01

1.10e+00

4.10e-02

1.80e-01

5.20e-02

5.40e-01

2.00e-03

Volatile

1.13e+04

1.50e+01

1.10e+02

4.10e+00

1.80e+01

3.80e+00

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Acrylonitrile's production and use as a monomer or intermediate in the production of acrylic fiber, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, adiponitrile, nitrile rubbers, elastomers, styrene-acrylonitrile resins (SAN), acrylamide, and polyacrylonitrile may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Acrylonitrile has been detected in cigarette smoke and auto exhaust. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 109 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acrylonitrile will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase acrylonitrile will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 hours. Acrylonitrile does not absorb UV light at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acrylonitrile is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 29. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Complete biodegradation of a low concentration of acrylonitrile was <2 days to 6 days depending on soil type with slow degradation reported in unacclimated soils exposed to high concentrations of acrylonitrile; these findings suggest that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil under certain conditions. If released into water, acrylonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Complete degradation in 6-20 days using various freshwater inoculums suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 4 days, respectively. An BCF of 48 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Acrylonitrile was stable at pH 4 to 10 for 23 days indicating that hydrolysis is negligible under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to acrylonitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acrylonitrile is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acrylonitrile via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with products containing acrylonitrile. (SRC)

Acrylonitrile's production and use as a monomer or intermediate in the production of acrylic fiber, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, adiponitrile, nitrile rubbers and carbon fibers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Acrylonitrile is found in auto exhaust(2). Residual amounts are reported to be released from clothing, furniture made with polyacrylic fibers and to leach from polyacrylonitrile packaging material(3). Acrylonitrile monomer is released during the burning of polyacrylonitrile plastic(3). The compound is present in tobacco smoke and tobacco subsitute smoke(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 29(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.25(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that acrylonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acrylonitrile from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Acrylonitrile is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 109 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Complete biodegradation of a low concentration of acrylonitrile was <2 days to 6 days depending on soil type with slow degradation reported in unacclimated soils exposed to high concentrations of acrylonitrile(6); these findings suggest that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil under certain conditions(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 29(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.25(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that acrylonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hrs and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 48(7) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Acrylonitrile was stable to aqueous hydrolysis in the pH range of 4-10 over a 10-day observation period(8) suggesting that hydrolyis is not important under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Complete degradation in 6-20 days using various freshwater inoculums(8,9) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acrylonitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 109 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acrylonitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.11X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The half-life for reaction with ozone in air is estimated to be 83 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.38X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). Acrylonitrile does not absorb UV light at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Biodegradation of acrylonitrile has been demonstrated in wastewater, activated sludge, and various microbial cultures free from other living organisms(1). Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of nitriles, such as acetonitrile, has been shown to proceed by two distinct routes(2,3); a nitrilase transforms the nitriles directly into acids plus ammonium ion, or a nitrile hydratase forms the amide which is hydrolyzed to acid plus ammonium ion by amidase(2,3). Acrylonitrile concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm in wastewater were completely degraded within 7 days in static-culture flask screening studies(4). In studies using activated sludge inocula, >95% degradation of acrylonitrile and >70% of theoretical BOD removal was reported after 21 days of acclimation in a screening study(5). In a waste water treatment plant, 30% of theoretical BOD removal of acrylonitrile was reported after 10 days(6). Using a bench-scale continuous flow reactor, >99% degradation of acrylonitrile and 30% of theoretical BOD removal was reported(7). Other studies, report 0 and 38% of theoretical BOD removal after 5 and 20 days respectively(8). Acrylonitrile completely degraded in Mississippi river water in 6 days(9) and degraded completely in 20 days in another study using river water, requiring less time for degradation with acclimation(10). In river water, 65% theoretical BOD was removed in 5 days after 27 days acclimation(11). At concentration up to 100 ppm, complete degradation of 14C-acrylonitrile occurred in <2 days in a Londo soil(1). Greater than 50% of the radioactivity was recovered as 14C-carbon dioxide following 6 days of incubation. Transient formation of acrylamide and acrylic acid as intermediates of degradation were observed(1). Similar results were obtained in studies conducted with Tappan loam and sand(1). Acclimation of the microorganisms was required before degradation of 100 ppm acrylonitrile in sand(1). Degradation of higher concentration (500 and 1,000 ppm in Londo soil) was relatively slow and may be due to inhibitory effects of the parent compound(1). Acrylonitrile, present at 100 mg/L, reached 61 of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(12).

ANAEROBIC: The biodegradation of acrylonitrile is reported to occur readily at concns <20 mg/L during anaerobic digestion processes operated in municipal sewage treatment facilities(1). A Pseudomonas-containing sludge, used for the treatment of industrial acrylonitrile wastes, could degrade up to 35% of the pollutant at concentration levels of 500 mg/L(1). In another study, acrylonitrile was poorly degraded in a reactor under anaerobic conditions with a 2-10 day retention time; only 17% utilization was reported after 110 days of acclimation(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acrylonitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.11X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acrylonitrile with photochemically-produced ozone is 1.38X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 83 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(SRC). Acrylonitrile (10 ppm) was stable at pH 4 to 10 for 23 days indicating that hydrolysis is negligible under these conditions(3). Acrylonitrile does not absorb light >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

A whole body BCF of 48 was determined for bluegills exposed to acrylonitrile for 28 days (or until equilibrium was obtained) in a flowing water system(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Koc of acrylonitrile can be estimated as 29(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.25(2) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that acrylonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for acrylonitrile is 1.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that acrylonitrile is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Acrylonitrile's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of acrylonitrile from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 109 mm Hg(3). The actual evaporation rate for acrylonitrile spilled on the ground should be appreciable(4).

GROUNDWATER: Screening of 1174 community wells and 617 private wells in Wisconsin during the early 1980's did not detect any acrylonitrile(1). Acrylonitrile was not detected at 1,401 of 1,401 groundwater stations in the United States(2).

DRINKING WATER: Acrylonitrile was detected but not quantified in one or more water supplies in a 5 city survey of US drinking water with known sources of contamination(1).

SURFACE WATER: Only 5% of samples had detectable quantities of acrylonitrile in EPA's Water Quality Database (US-914 STORET)(1). Acrylonitrile was not detected at 298 of 298 surface water stations in the United States(2).

1.6% of samples from 1,278 STORET stations (EPA Water quality data base) had detectable quantities of acrylonitrile(1). Acrylonitrile was detected in the treated wastewater from the following industries (mean concentration): iron and steel manufacturing (1,600 ppb), foundries (23 ppb), organic chemicals/plastics manufacture (93 ppb), and rubber processing (10 ppb)(2). In Rio Blanco, CO, the concentration of acrylonitrile in oil shale retort outgas was 0.5-2 ppm(3). At acrylic fiber manufacturing plant in the United States, the concentration of acrylonitrile in the effluent was 0.1 g/L(4). At a chemical and latex manufacturing plant in Louisville, KY, acrylonitrile was detected but not quantified in effluents(4). Sources of atmospheric emissions of acrylonitrile from production facilities include absorber vents (0.44 g/kg), flare stacks (0.5 g/kg), product loading (0.14 g/kg), fugitive emissions (0.26 g/kg), storage tanks (0.81 g/kg), deep well ponds (0.10 g/kg), and incinerators (negligible)(5).

SOIL: Soil samples from LA, NJ, TX, AL, SC, VA, and WV analyzed for acrylonitrile had concentrations ranging from 0-50 ug/kg(1). Acrylonitrile was not detected in all but one soil sample at 11 industrial sites and in sediment at 4 industrial sites in the US(2). The one positive soil sample was at the detection limit of 0.5 ppb(2). Acrylonitrile was not detected in 351 samples from EPA Water Quality database (STORET) in the United States(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Air samples collected from LA, NJ, TX, AL, SC, VA, and WV were found to contain acrylonitrile at concentrations ranging from 1.1-325 ug/cu m(1). As part of EPA's VOC-AMBI database, the average outdoor concentration of acrylonitrile was determined to be 4.016 ppb in the United States(2). Ambient air monitoring in Chiba City, Japan in 1999 detected mean acrylonitrile concentrations of 0.12, 0.09 and 0.10 ug/cu m over 24-hr, 7-day and 4-week periods, respectively(2).

INDOOR AIR: Indoor air samples were collected from 75 residential houses in Ottawa Canada between Nov 20, 2002 to Mar 11, 2003(1); acrylonitrile was detected in 53% of all samples at a concentration range of 0.015-8.89 ug/cu m and an arithmetic mean of 0.27 ug/cu m(1); over the same time period and locations, outdoor air samples contained an acrylonitrile concentration range of 0.015-0.18 ug/cu m (mean of 0.02 ug/cu m)(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: At 12 sites in the United States (43 samples), the mean concentration of acrylonitrile was 970 parts per trillion (range, 46-110,000 parts per trillion)(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Atmospheric acrylonitrile concentration was sampled at 11 industrial sites, ranging from an average of 0.1-249 ug/cu m, with the highest reading at 325 ug/cu m.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U009, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Acrylonitrile is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Nitrogen oxides removed from effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Acrylonitrile (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Acrylonitrile, stabilized/

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Acrylonitrile, stabilized ID: 1093 [Table#655]

/GUIDE 131P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Acrylonitrile, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Acrylonitrile, stabilized/

/GUIDE 131P FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Acrylonitrile, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Acrylonitrile (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1093 131P

1093 131P(inhibited)

UN 1093; Acrylonitrile, stabilized

IMO 3; Acrylonitrile, stabilized

49 064 20; Acrylonitrile

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Acrylonitrile, stabilized is included on the dangerous goods list. /Acrylonitrile, stabilized/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Acrylonitrile, stabilized is included on the dangerous goods list. /Acrylonitrile, stabilized/

Flammable Liquid Poison

Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: F, T, N; R: 45-11-23/24/25-37/38-41-43-51/53; S: 9-16-53-45-61; Note: D, E

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I