chloroacetonitrile

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (79.3%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301+H311+H331 (29.1%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (48%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (52%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319 (77.5%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (99.6%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411 (99.6%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 227 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226 (30.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H310 (30.9%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (69.1%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319 (30.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (70.9%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 55 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type surrounding fire(Material itself using agent does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2668 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.3 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.4 km (0.2 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done with undue risk. Use water sprat or foam to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Approach from upwind. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D003 and P030 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Cyanides (soluble cyanide salts), not otherwise specified/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A poor candidate for incineration. /Cyanides/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Cool. Ventilation along the floor.

Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, oxidizing materials, and reducing agents. Outside or detached storage preferred.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Final

0.45 [ppm]

5.0 [ppm]

15 [ppm]

14 ppm [From IDLH Table: Chloroacetonitrile] (NIOSH, 2024)

14.0 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cellular respiration. This may result in cyanosis. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Butyl rubber, polyvinyl alcohol, or Viton barrier recommended.

Personnel protection: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Wear appropriate equipment to prevent: Any possibility of skin contact. /Cyanides/

Wear eye protection to prevent: Any possibility of eye contact. /Cyanides/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for CHLOROACETONITRILE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 47 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Chloroacetonitrile appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 118 °F. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Hence, sinks in water. Very toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. A lachrymator. Used to make other chemicals and as a fumigant.

Colorless liquid with a pungent odor; [CAMEO]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless liquid

Pungent odor

259 to 261 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

126.5 °C

126.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

118 °F (NTP, 1992)

50 to 100 mg/mL at 70.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in hydrocarbons, alcohols

In ether and ethanol

In water, > 1X10+5 mg/L, temperature not specified

Solubility in water: none

1.2020 to 1.2035 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

1.1930 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.19

1.193 @ 20°C

2.61 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.61

8.7 [mmHg]

8 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.16

15 [mm Hg] @30 °C

log Kow = 0.45

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /chlorides, nitrogen oxides, and cyanides/.

Index of refraction: 1.4210-1.4240 at 25 °C.

The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic and flammable vapors including hydrogen cyanide . Reacts with strong oxidants, reducing agents, acids, bases, steam, producing highly toxic and flammable fumes.

Coriolis coupling

Schoenflies notation

Centrifugal distortion

Chemical bond

Equilibrium structure

Hydrogen bonding potential

Internuclear distance

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole coupling

Nuclear quadrupole moment

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Flammable. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Hence, sinks in water. Reacts with water and steam to produce toxic vapors of hydrogen chloride.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Nitriles

Highly Flammable

Water-Reactive

CHLOROACETONITRILE reacts with water, steam, strong acids or acid fumes to produce toxic vapors of hydrogen chloride. When heated to decomposition, it emits highly toxic fumes of hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride [Sax, 2nd ed., 1963, p. 600].

Incompatible with strong oxidizers such as acids, acid salts, chlorates and nitrates. /Cyanides/

Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of chloroacetonitrile were available. There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of chloroacetonitrile in experimental animals. Overall evaluation: Chloroacetonitrile is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

Chloroacetonitrile

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 52: (1991) Chlorinated Drinking-water; Chlorination By-products; Some Other Halogenated Compounds; Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

Sore throat. Cough. Headache. Laboured breathing. Weakness. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Further see Inhalation.

Redness.

Further see Inhalation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LD50 Rat oral 220 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 139 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg

Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Cyanide and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Administer amyl nitrite ampules as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer cyanide antidote kit as per protocol and physician order ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/

/GENOTOXICITY/ Chlorinated and brominated haloacetonitriles (HAN) were investigated for genotoxic activity. The HAN produced DNA strand breaks in cultured human lymphoblastic (CCRF-CEM) cells, bound to the nucleophilic trapping agent 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine and formed a covalent bond to polyadenylic acid in a cell-free reaction system. Thus, /it was/ demonstrated that these chemicals are genotoxic, which would indicate a potential for carcinogenic activity and for human health hazard. /haloacetonitriles/

/GENOTOXICITY/ The alkylating potential of the HAN to react with the electrophile-trapping agent, 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, followed the order dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) greater than bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN) greater than chloroacetonitrile (CAN) greater than dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) greater than trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN). ... The HAN produced DNA strand breaks in cultured human lymphoblastic (CCRF-CEM) cells. TCAN was the most potent DNA strand breaker, and BCAN greater than DBAN greater than DCAN greater than CAN, which was only marginally active. DCAN reacted with polyadenylic acid and DNA to form adducts in a cell-free system; however, the oral administration of DBAN or DCAN to rats did not result in detectable adduct formation in liver DNA. ...

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The present studies were initiated to measure the permeation coefficients (K(p)) for haloacetonitriles (HANs) and chloral hydrate (CH), important cytotoxic DBPs. The K(p) values measured using fully hydrated dermatomed torso skin at 37 °C for the HANs ranged from 0.099 to 0.17 cm h(-1) , and was 0.0039 cm h(-1) for CH. Of the HANs, dibromoacetonitrile had the highest permeability while chloroacetonitrile had the lowest permeability and a direct relationship was observed between their K(p) and their octanol/water partition coefficients (K(ow) ). The K(p) values of the HANs were also approximately 30 times that of CH. The monthly dermal and ingestion doses of HANs and CH of an average American population were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. The dermal doses of HANs from showering and bathing ranged from 0.39 to 0.78 times their ingestion doses but only approximately 0.02 times their ingestion doses for CH, assuming that the K(p) values determined are applicable to shorter water contact times. However, that ratio can vary markedly with chlorinated swimming pool exposures, with a range of 0.30-2.3 for HANs and 0.19-0.25 for CH. Dermal exposure to HANs and CH seems to be a significant route of exposure and should be considered when evaluating their total exposure during the routine usage of water for bathing and swimming. /haloacetonitriles/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Sister chromatid exchange was induced in one study using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and DNA strand breaks (weakly) were induced in another using a human lymphoblast cell line.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Chloroacetonitrile was tested externally on the eyes of rabbits and has been rated 5 on a scale of 1 to 10 according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hours. The most severe injuries have been rated 10.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Chloroacetonitrile was tested in a limited carcinogenicity study in female Sencar mice by skin application, in an initiation/promotion study in female Sencar mice by skin application and in a screening assay for lung tumors in female strain A mice by oral administration. No skin tumor was produced after skin application in mice or in the initiation/promotion study, in which chloroacetonitrile was applied topically as six equal doses over a two-week period, followed by repeated doses of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate for 20 weeks. After oral administration, a small, significant increase in the proportion of mice with lung tumors and number of tumors per mouse was observed: control, 3/31 and 0.1; treated group (10 mg/kg bw, three times per week, eight weeks), 9/28 and 0.43 (p < 0.05).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In a screening assay based on the enhanced induction of lung tumours, groups of 40 female strain A/J mice, 10 weeks old, were given 10 mg/kg bw chloroacetonitrile, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroacetonitrile or dibromoacetonitrile [purity unspecified] in 10% Emulphor by oral gavage three times per week for eight weeks. A group of 40 animals given 10% Emulphor only served as controls. Survival at the end of the study (at nine months of age) was: control, 31/40; chloroacetonitrile-treated, 28/40; dichloroacetonitrile-treated, 30/40; trichloroacetonitrile-treated, 32/40; bromochloroacetonitrile-treated, 32/40; and dibromoacetonitrile-treated, 31/40. The numbers of animals with lung tumours and the average numbers of tumours per animal were: control, 3/31 and 0.1; chloroacetonitrile-treated, 9/28 and 0.43 (p < 0.05); dichloroacetonitrile-treated, 7/30 and 0.23; trichloroacetonitrile-treated, 9/32 and 0.38 % (p < 0.05); bromochloroacetonitrile-treated, 10/32 and 0.34 (p < 0.05); dibromoacetonitrile-treated, 5/31 and 0.19.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ The alkylating potential of the HAN to react with the electrophile-trapping agent, 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, followed the order dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) greater than bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN) greater than chloroacetonitrile (CAN) greater than dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) greater than trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN). ... None of the HAN initiated gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) foci when assayed for tumor-initiating activity in rat liver foci bioassay. In summary, the HAN were demonstrated to possess alkylating activity and genotoxicity in vitro and appeared after oral administration to possess biological activity as indicated by the inhibition of DMN-DM by TCAN but appeared to lack genotoxic and tumor-initiating activity in rat liver. It is proposed that if the HAN found in drinking water pose a carcinogenic hazard it would be limited to the gastrointestinal tract.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CHLOROACETONITRILE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from, as of June 21, 2012: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=107-14-2]

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Chloroacetonitrile's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of the cardiovascular drug guanethidine and the insecticide fenoxycarb may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Chloroacetonitrile is a disinfectant by-product of drinking water chlorination. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates chloroacetonitrile will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chloroacetonitrile will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 240 days. If released to soil, chloroacetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 9. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Chloroacetonitrile may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Based on studies using pure culture soil methylotroph Methylosirius trichosporium OB-3b, chloroacetonitrile is expected to biodegrade in soil and water. If released into water, chloroacetonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 days and 25 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life for chloroacetonitrile at 20 °C and pH 8.7 is 6.68 days; hydrolysis rates at neutral or acidic conditions is slower by approximately one to two orders of magnitude. Occupational exposure to chloroacetonitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where chloroacetonitrile is produced or used. The general population may be exposed via tap water containing chloroacetonitrile as a chlorination by-product. (SRC)

Chloroacetonitrile's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of the cardiovascular drug guanethidine and the insecticide fenoxycarb(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Chloroacetonitrile has been detected in the wastewater effluent from the electronics industry(2) and in the effluents from water treatment facilities that use chlorination(3). Chloroacetonitrile is reported to be a disinfectant by-product of drinking water chlorination(4,5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that chloroacetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chloroacetonitrile from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Chloroacetonitrile is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8 mm Hg at 20 °C(3). Based on studies using pure culture soil methylotroph Methylosirius trichosporium OB-3b, chloroacetonitrile is expected to biodegrade in soil(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that chloroacetonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 days and 25 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.45(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for chloroacetonitrile at 20 °C and pH 8.7 was experimentally determined to be 1.2X10-6/sec(6) which corresponds to a half-life of 6.68 days(SRC); hydrolysis rates at neutral or acidic conditions is much slower(6) by approximately one to two orders of magnitude based on observed hydrolysis rates of the nine haloacetonitriles used in the study(SRC). Based on studies using pure culture soil methylotroph Methylosirius trichosporium OB-3b, chloroacetonitrile is expected to biodegrade in water(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chloroacetonitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 8 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase chloroacetonitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 240 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.74X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

PURE CULTURE: The biodegradation of chloroacetonitrile was studied using the soil methylotroph Methylosirius trichosporium OB-3b at pH 7.4 with 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Chloroacetonitrile was degraded entirely after 24 hours with formate being the major degradation product. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and cyanide were also listed as biodegradation products(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chloroacetonitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.74X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 240 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for chloroacetonitrile at 20 °C and pH 8.7 was experimentally determined to be 1.2X10-6/sec(2) which corresponds to a half-life of 6.68 days(SRC). Hydrolysis rates at neutral or acidic conditions is much slower(2) by approximately one to two orders of magnitude based on observed hydrolysis rates of the nine haloacetonitriles used in the study(SRC). Under basic conditions, aqueous hydrolysis of chloroacetonitrile yields the corresponding acetamide, which in basic media can be further hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for chloroacetonitrile(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.45(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of chloroacetonitrile can be estimated to be 9(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that chloroacetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for chloroacetonitrile is estimated as 1.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that chloroacetonitrile is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 25 days(SRC). Chloroacetonitrile's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Chloroacetonitrile is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8 mm Hg at 20 °C(3).

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Chloroacetonitrile's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of the cardiovascular drug guanethidine and the insecticide fenoxycarb may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Chloroacetonitrile is a disinfectant by-product of drinking water chlorination. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates chloroacetonitrile will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chloroacetonitrile will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 240 days. If released to soil, chloroacetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 9. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Chloroacetonitrile may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Based on studies using pure culture soil methylotroph Methylosirius trichosporium OB-3b, chloroacetonitrile is expected to biodegrade in soil and water. If released into water, chloroacetonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 days and 25 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life for chloroacetonitrile at 20 °C and pH 8.7 is 6.68 days; hydrolysis rates at neutral or acidic conditions is slower by approximately one to two orders of magnitude. Occupational exposure to chloroacetonitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where chloroacetonitrile is produced or used. The general population may be exposed via tap water containing chloroacetonitrile as a chlorination by-product. (SRC)

Chloroacetonitrile's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of the cardiovascular drug guanethidine and the insecticide fenoxycarb(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Chloroacetonitrile has been detected in the wastewater effluent from the electronics industry(2) and in the effluents from water treatment facilities that use chlorination(3). Chloroacetonitrile is reported to be a disinfectant by-product of drinking water chlorination(4,5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that chloroacetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chloroacetonitrile from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Chloroacetonitrile is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8 mm Hg at 20 °C(3). Based on studies using pure culture soil methylotroph Methylosirius trichosporium OB-3b, chloroacetonitrile is expected to biodegrade in soil(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that chloroacetonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 days and 25 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.45(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for chloroacetonitrile at 20 °C and pH 8.7 was experimentally determined to be 1.2X10-6/sec(6) which corresponds to a half-life of 6.68 days(SRC); hydrolysis rates at neutral or acidic conditions is much slower(6) by approximately one to two orders of magnitude based on observed hydrolysis rates of the nine haloacetonitriles used in the study(SRC). Based on studies using pure culture soil methylotroph Methylosirius trichosporium OB-3b, chloroacetonitrile is expected to biodegrade in water(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chloroacetonitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 8 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase chloroacetonitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 240 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.74X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

PURE CULTURE: The biodegradation of chloroacetonitrile was studied using the soil methylotroph Methylosirius trichosporium OB-3b at pH 7.4 with 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Chloroacetonitrile was degraded entirely after 24 hours with formate being the major degradation product. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and cyanide were also listed as biodegradation products(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chloroacetonitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.74X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 240 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The aqueous hydrolysis rate constant for chloroacetonitrile at 20 °C and pH 8.7 was experimentally determined to be 1.2X10-6/sec(2) which corresponds to a half-life of 6.68 days(SRC). Hydrolysis rates at neutral or acidic conditions is much slower(2) by approximately one to two orders of magnitude based on observed hydrolysis rates of the nine haloacetonitriles used in the study(SRC). Under basic conditions, aqueous hydrolysis of chloroacetonitrile yields the corresponding acetamide, which in basic media can be further hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for chloroacetonitrile(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.45(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of chloroacetonitrile can be estimated to be 9(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that chloroacetonitrile is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for chloroacetonitrile is estimated as 1.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that chloroacetonitrile is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 25 days(SRC). Chloroacetonitrile's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Chloroacetonitrile is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8 mm Hg at 20 °C(3).

DRINKING WATER: Chloroacetonitrile was detected not quantified in drinking water samples collected in Miami, FL on February 3, 1976(1). The compound was selected as a priority disinfection by-product to be included in a US nantionwide occurrence study. Chloroacetonitrile was not detected (method reporting limit = 0.1 ug/L) in two treatment plant operations sampled on Oct 30, 2000; the plants are located in EPA Region 9 (Pacific Southwest). Disinfection systems used were ozone-chlorine-chloramines and chlorine-chloramines, respectively. Sampling on July 1, 2001 and March 19, 2002 resulted in no detections at plant 1. At plant 2, chloracetonitrile was detected at 0.1 ug/L both in the treatment tank and finished water when sampled on July 1, 2001 and March 19, 2002. A concentration of 0.2 ug/L was reported in a clearwell sample from a plant located in EPA Region (South Central), sampled on September 10, 2001; the plant employed chlorine dioxide- chlorine-chloramine disinfection(2,3).

Chloroacetonitrile has been qualitatively detected in a wastewater effluent collected from the electronics industry (source and sampling date not reported)(1); and in the effluents from water treatment facilities that use chlorination(2).

Occupational exposure to chloroacetonitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where chloroacetonitrile is produced or used. Chloroacetonitrile is reported to be a disinfectant by-product of drinking water chlorination; therefore, the general population may be exposed to chloroacetonitrile through tap water containing this by-product. (SRC)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D003 and P030 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Cyanides (soluble cyanide salts), not otherwise specified/

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A poor candidate for incineration. /Cyanides/

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Chloroacetonitrile [Table#5866]

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CHLOROACETONITRILE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2668; Chloroacetonitrile

IMO 6.1; Chloroacetonitrile

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/24/25-51/53; S: (1/2)-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: II