Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (100%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

Remove immediately from exposure. Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed up to 12 hours. Caution is advised.

Note: TEPP is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of TEPP Exposure: Acute exposure to TEPP may produce the following signs and symptoms: sweating, pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, profound weakness, muscle spasms, seizures, and coma. Mental confusion and psychosis may occur. Excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may be observed, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to TEPP may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to TEPP.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. RUSH to a health care facility!

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to TEPP.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. RUSH to a health care facility!

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of TEPP is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of TEPP may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. RUSH to a health care facility! (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Extinguish with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Use water in large amounts, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

/To fight fire use:/ Powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water in large amounts, carbon dioxide.

Fire Fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

If material is on fire or involved in a fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. Use water to absorb vapors. /Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spills of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: These should be removed by vacuum cleaning or by dissolving them in water or other solvent in the factory environment. /Pesticides/

1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material.

Environmental considerations-Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with a impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, or cement powder. /Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid/

Environmental consideration-Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate). Adjust pH to neutral (pH 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2004)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P111, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C with residence times for liquids and solids; seconds; solids: hours. Also, a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration with a liquid injection with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C with residence times of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also, a potential candidiate for fluidized bed incineration range of 450 to 980 °C with residence times for liquids and gases, seconds; solids, longer.

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal, or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Tepp /tetraethylpyrophosphate/ is 50% hydrolyzed in water in 6.8 hr at 25 °C, and 3.3 hr at 39 °C; 99% hydrolysis requires 45.2 hr at 25 °C, or 21.9 hr at 38 °C. Hydrolysis of tepp yields nontoxic products. Recommendable methods: Incineration & hydrolysis. Peer review: Large amt - incinerate at high temp in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Skin that becomes contaminated with TEPP should be immediately washed or showered to remove any TEPP.

Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where TEPP is handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle TEPP should wash their hands thoroughly before eating, smoking or using toilet facilities.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Store only in original container. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Dry. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

It should be stored in moisture-proof containers in a cool well-ventilated area. Empty drums should be decontaminated; never re-use containers.

Ambient temperature

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing /is necessary/. /Keep/ separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

0.06 [mg/m3]

The compound is currently at the Holding Status AEGLs which have been reviewed by the NAC/AEGL Committee and are on hold due to insufficient data to develop AEGL values.

AEGLs Status: Holding

0.10 [mg/m3]

1.0 [mg/m3]

10 [mg/m3]

0.05 mg/m³

TWA 0.05 mg/m3 [skin]

0.05 [mg/m3]

5 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

5.0 [mg/m3]

5 mg/cu m

See: 107493

0.01 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.01 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction and vapor), skin

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: cholinesterase activity in red blood cells; Sampling Time: discretionary; BEI: 70% of individual's baseline. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting pesticides/

(inhalable fraction): 0.01 mg/m

0.01 mg/m³ [2006]

0.060 mg/m

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C , on spraying much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system by a cholinesterase inhibiting effect. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms. This may result in convulsions, respiratory failure, heart failure and death. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for TEPP:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Mask with canister approved for organic phosphate pesticides; Goggles or face shield; Rubber gloves & other clothing to prevent contact with skin.

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with TEPP. Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of TEPP contacting the eyes.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 0.5 mg/m3 :

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate is an organic phosphate pesticide which acts as an inhibitor of cholinesterase, and as such it is highly toxic by all routes of exposure. It is a water-white to amber liquid, depending on purity. Tetraethyl pyrophosphate is soluble in water and is slowly decomposed by water. It is toxic by inhalation and by skin absorption. It may be found as a liquid or as a dry mixture where the liquid is absorbed onto a dry carrier.

Colorless to amber liquid with a faint, fruity odor. [insecticide] [Note: A solid below 32 degrees F.]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS HYGROSCOPIC LIQUID.

Colorless to amber liquid with a faint, fruity odor.

Colorless to amber liquid with a faint, fruity odor. [insecticide] [Note: A solid below 32 °F.]

Mobile liquid

Colorless to amber liquid (Note: A solid below 32 degrees F).

Agreeable odor

AROMATIC

Faint, fruity odor

280 °F at 2.3 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

82 °C @ 0.05 mm Hg; 124 °C @ 1.1 mm Hg; 138 °C @ 2.3 mm Hg

280 °F at 2.3 mmHg

310 °C @760 [mm Hg]

Decomposes

32 °F (EPA, 1998)

Solid below 32 °F

>110 °C c.c.

Miscible (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with glycerol, ethylene glycol, toluene, propylene glycol, acetone, methanol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, ethanol, chloroform

Miscible in water

Solubility in water: good

Miscible

1.185 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.185 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Density: about 1.2 @ 25 °C; dark amber-colored mobile liquid /Technical product/

1.18 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.00

1.2 @25 °C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 10

0.00047 mmHg at 86 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.00015 [mmHg]

2.60X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C (extrapolated from 4.7X10-4 mm Hg at 30 °C)

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 2

0.0002 mmHg

0.00047 [mm Hg] @25 °C

Henry's Law constant = 2.2X10-10 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C /Estimated/

Quickly hydrolyzed by water (half-life at 25 °C about 7 hr in a 50% vol/vol mixt).

...Hydrolyzed readily in the presence of moisture.

When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /phosphorus oxides/.

Hygroscopic. Dissolves in water, then is slowly hydrolyzed with formation of mono-, di-, and triethyl orthophosphates and phosphoric acid. Water solutions attack metal surfaces.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Anhydrides

TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE reacts slowly with water to form HPO3; corrosive to aluminum; slowly corrosive to copper, brass, zinc and tin; incompatible with strong oxidizers (NTP, 1992). Organophosphates, such as TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Incompatibilities: ... it is incompatible with alkaline materials.

Strong oxidizers, alkalis, water [Note: Hydrolyzes quickly in water to form pyrophosphoric acid].

/Tetraethyl pyrophosphate/ .... attacks some forms of plastic, rubber and coatings corrosive to most metals.

Strong oxidizers, alkalis, water [Note: Hydrolyzes quickly in water to form pyrophosphoric acid.]

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Dizziness. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Sweating. Laboured breathing. Cough. Weakness. Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Incoordination. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

EASILY ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

See Inhalation.

Eye pain, blurred vision, lacrimation (discharge of tears); rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus); headache, chest tightness, cyanosis; anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), twitching, paralysis, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, convulsions; low blood pressure, cardiac irreg; sweating

Eyes, respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, blood cholinesterase

Chemical: TEPP

Other Poison - Organophosphate

LC50 (rat) = 7 mg/m3/4H; [ACGIH]

LD50 Rat (male) dermal 2.4 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 23.5 mg/cu m/1 hr; 6.75 mg/cu m/4 hr

LD50 Rat ip 0.65 mg/kg

LD50 Rat iv 0.3 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Eserine was bound to the catalytic site of squid head ganglia acetylcholinesterase, in vitro, while atropine was bound to a second site distinct from the active center. TEPP diminished the binding of eserine but had little effect on atropine. ...

Airway protection. Insure that a clear airway exists. Intubate the patients and aspirate the secretions with a large-bore suction device if necessary. Administer oxygen by mechanically assisted pulmonary ventilation if respiration is depressed. Improve tissue oxygenation as much as possible before administering atropine, so as to minimize the risk of ventricular fibrillation. In severe poisonings, it may be necessary to support pulmonary ventilation mechanically for several days. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Atropine sulfate. Administer atropine sulfate intravenously, or intramuscularly if intravenous injection is not possible. Remember that atropine can be administered through an endotracheal tube if initial IV access if difficult to obtain. Depending on the severity of poisoning, doses of atropine ranging from very low to ...high ...may be required, or even continuous infusion. The objective of atropine antidotal therapy is to antagonize the effects of excessive concentrations of acetylcholine at end-organs having muscarinic receptors. Atropine does not reactivate the cholinesterase enzyme or accelerate disposition of organophosphate. Recrudescence of poisoning may occur if tissue concentrations of organophosphate remain high when the effect of atropine wears off. Atropine is effective against muscarinic manifestations, but it is ineffective against nicotinic actions, specifically muscle weakness and twitching, and respiratory depression. Despite the limitations, atropine is often a life-saving agent in organophosphate poisonings. Favorable response to a test dose of atropine... can help differentiate poisoning by anticholinesterase agents from other conditions. However, lack of response, with no evidence of atropinization (atropine refractoriness) is typical of more severe poisonings. The adjunctive use of nebulized atropine has been reported to improve respiratory distress, decrease bronchial secretions, and increase oxygenation. ...Do not administer atropine or pralidoxime prophylactically to workers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Prophylactic dosage with either atropine or pralidoxime may mask early signs and symptoms of organophosphate poisoning and thus allow the worker to continue exposure and possibly progress to more severe poisoning. Atropine itself may enhance the health hazards of the agricultural work setting: impaired heat loss due to reduced sweating and impaired ability to operate mechanical equipment due to blurred vision. This can be caused by mydriasis, one of the effects of atropine. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Glycopyrolate has been studied as an alternative to atropine and found to have similar outcomes using continuous infusion. Ampules of... glycopyrolate were added to ...saline and this infusion was titrated to the desired effects of dry mucous membranes and heart rate above 60 beats/min. During this study, atropine was used as a bolus for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min. The other apparent advantage to this regimen was a decreased number of respiratory infections. This may represent an alternative when there is a concern for respiratory infection due to excessive and difficult to control secretions, and in the presence of altered level of consciousness where the distinction between atropine toxicity or relapse of organophosphate poisoning is unclear. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Pralidoxime. Before administration of pralidoxime, draw a blood sample (heparinized) for cholinesterase analysis (since pralidoxime tends to reverse the cholinesterase depression). Administration pralidoxime (Protopam, 2-PAM), a cholinesterase reactivator, in cases of severe poisoning by organophosphate pesticides in which respiratory depression, muscle weakness, and/or twitching are severe. When administered early (usually less than 48 hours after poisoning) pralidoxime relieves the nicotinic as well as the muscarinic effects of poisoning. Pralidoxime works by reactivating the cholinesterase and also by slowing the "aging" process of phosphorylated cholinesterase to a non-reactivatable form. ... Dosage of pralidoxime may be repeated in 1-2 hours, then at 10-12 hour intervals if needed. In very severe poisonings, dosage rates may be doubled. Repeated doses of pralidoxime are usually required. In cases that involve continuing absorption of organophosphate (as after ingestion of large amounts), or continuing transfer of highly lipophilic organophosphate from fat into blood, it may be necessary to continue administration of pralidoxime for several days beyond the 48 hour post-exposure interval usually cited as the limit of its effectiveness. ... Blood pressure should be monitored during administration because of the occasional occurrence of hypertensive crisis. Administration should be slowed or stopped if blood pressure rises to hazardous levels. Be prepared to assist pulmonary ventilation mechanically if respiration is depressed during or after pralidoxime administration. If intravenous injection is not possible, pralidoxime may be given by deep intramuscular injection. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Recommended medical surveillance: The following procedures should be made available to each employee who is exposed to TEPP at potentially hazardous levels: Initial Medical Examination: A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the respiratory system, nervous system, cardiovascular system, and attention to the cholinesterase levels in the blood should be stressed. The skin should be examined for evidence of chronic disorders. Cholinesterase determination: TEPP causes depressed levels of activity of cholinesterase in the serum and erythrocytes. The cholinesterase activity in the serum and erythrocytes should be determined by using medically acceptable biochemical tests prior to any new period of exposure. Periodic Medical Examination: The aforementioned medical examinations should be the cholinesterase determination which should be performed quarterly or at any time overexposure is suspected or signs and symptoms of toxicity occur.

...Workers /should/ undergo an annual medical exam... . Contraindications for work with organophosporous pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders and epilepsy, pronounced endocrine disorders... . Blood cholinesterase /SRP: both plasma and RBC/ must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in choinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed... until /cholinesterase activity/ is... restored. /Organophosphorous pesticides/

Measurement of whole blood-AChE is the most widely adopted method for monitoring the effects of occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Physiological variations in blood ChE levels occur in a healthy person and are seen among a population. It has been estimated that the coefficient of variation for AChE activity in samples from an individual is 8-11%, and that a decrease of 23% below pre-exposure level may, therefore, be considered significant. If the average of several pre-exposure values were available, then a decrease of 17% would be significant. It has been recommended that, if measured activity is reduced by 30% or more of the pre-exposure value, AChE measurements should be repeated at appropriate intervals to confirm the results. Depressions of AChE or ChE in excess of 20-25% are considered diagnostic of exposure but not, necessarily, indicative of hazard. Depressions of 30-50% or more are considered indicators for removal of an exposed individual from further contact with pesticides until levels return to normal. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

...Organophosphorus pesticides may undergo hydrolysis in vivo to yield substituted phosphoric acids that are subsequently excreted in urine. Advances in gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have made it possible to analyse the urine of exposed persons for the presence of appropriate metabolites. It is usually necessary to preserve the sample by the addition of chloroform, to concentrate or extract the metabolite(s), and to convert them to suitably-volatile derivatives that can be detected by GC. Obviously, access to a well-equipped analytical laboratory, capable of the quick processing of samples, is a necessary factor if monitoring by urine analysis is proposed. However, in some cases, simpler and sensitive colorimetric tests are available for screening the urine of exposed persons. Thus, 4-nitrophenol can be measured directly in the urine of workers exposed to parathion. Consideration of the concentration of metabolite(s) in the urine can be helpful in determining patterns of exposure, and these concentrations can be calibrated against the effects on AChE for a particular pesticide. However, the time-course and peak of excretion of metabolites appears to vary according to dose, so that serial sampling and analyses of urine are desirable. Levels of metabolite alone cannot be considered a guide to hazard. This is obvious when it is realized that pesticides that have very different toxicities may yield identical acidic metabolites. Thus, the level of metabolites in urine, after exposure to sufficient amounts of the very toxic parathion-methyl to depress blood-AChE to 50%, will be much lower than that of the identical metabolites, following exposure to the related fenitrothion, which is about 40 times less toxic. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Numerous instances of occupational and accidental poisonings from TEPP, including cases where percutaneous absorption was the principal route of exposure, have been described. Death can ensue within minutes to hours but can be delayed for several days. Under controlled conditions with atropine, however , humans have survived ingestion of up to 41 mg/kg when given in divided doses

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Intramuscular or intravascular administration of 1 mg TEPP or more (about 0.0143 mg/kg) resulted in rapid depression of plasma cholinesterase and /red blood cell/ (RBC) acetylcholinesterase. Approximately four times as large a dose was required to produce a similar effect when the compound was administered orally. (From a graph presented in the study, an intramuscular dose of about 0.5 mg (about 0.007 mg/kg) reduced plasma cholinesterase and RBC acetylcholinesterase to about 20% and 75% of control, respectively.) Thus, a no-effect-level for RBC acetylcholinesterase inhibition following intramuscular administration is probably <0.007 mg/kg. Maximum depression of plasma cholinesterase occurred within 1 hr of dosing, and the maximum depression of RBC acetylcholinesterase occurred within 2 hr of dosing, regardless of the route of administration. Overt cholinergic symptoms (anorexia, vomiting, sweating, salivation, giddiness, uneasiness, headache, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, etc.) occurred after a single parenteral dose of 5 mg, after 3.6 mg for 2 days, or after 2.4 mg for 3 days. Similar results were obtained following oral dosing of 7.2 mg every 3 hours, 3-5 times. When symptoms appeared, they usually began suddenly about 30 minutes after the last dose of TEPP.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Research into the effects of TEPP on the eyes of pilots /was reported/. If an unequal amount of TEPP is in each eye, depth perception is affected. When a 2-yr-old son of one of the pilots was taken to the hospital /because of/ convulsions, a connection /was suggested/ between the father's occupation and the child's condition, and recommended therapy with pralidoxime (2-PAM). Recovery ensued and later it was discovered that the child had eaten some contaminated dirt from the driveway where his father had parked the spray tank truck. ...

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ...A small drop of /TEPP/ in the eye might be sufficient to kill a human.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The muscarinic signs, which are usually the first to become manifest, consist of hypersalivation, lacrimation, sweating, and nasal discharge. Miosis, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea, and frequency of urination also occur. The nicotinic effects consist of fasciculation of muscles, weakness, and paralysis. The central /nervous system/ effects include nervousness, apprehension, ataxia, convulsions, and coma. Death is due to respiratory failure, or sometimes cardiac arrest. There is little difference between signs produced by different organophosphorus compounds, but route of absorption may influence one system more than another. /Organophosphorus insecticides/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Tepp is very toxic to warm-blooded animals. ... Its vapors are also highly toxic.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...TEPP... produced a depression of erythrocyte counts in the blood and the effects increased with increasing /compound/ concentration. The leucopenia involved a reduction of both neutrophils and lymphocytes. The frogs initially showed a moderate avoidance reaction upon immersion in the... solution. /TEPP/... did not produce any visible hemorrhage or salivation and the eyes always remained clear. Hypotonia, often leading to flaccid paralysis of the limbs, was characteristic, although spasticity of the limbs was evident in some instances.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ Neuromuscular transmission in frog, blocked by DFP, TEPP or Sarin, can be restored by 0.01-0.1 mM /sodium fluoride/ (NaF). The potency of NaF in restoring transmission is less than that of P-2-AM, the effect of 0.02 mM NaF being equivalent to that of 0.001 mM P-2-AM. The analysis of end-plate potential indicates that the restoration of transmission is due to the dual actions of fluoride, namely, (1) sensitization of end-plate membrane and (2) reactivation of phosphorylated ChE. A similar conclusion is obtained from the analysis of the effects of TEPP and Sarin as well as of NaF on the post-synaptic potential of frog's sympathetic ganglion cell. A similar effect of NaF is also demonstrated with regard to Renshaw cell activity of cat's spinal cord.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Persons with a history of reduced pulmonary function, convulsive disorders, or recent exposure to anticholinesterase agents would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure to TEPP.

Work ... must not be carried out by young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health; the same applies to alcoholics. Contraindications for work with organophosphorus pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis). /Organophosphorus pesticides/

LD50 Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) oral 3.56 mg/kg, 3-4 month old males /40% Tepp, 60% other ethyl phosphates/

LD50 Phasianus colchicus (pheasant) oral 4.22 mg/kg, 3-4 month old males (95% confidence limit: 2.93-6.09 mg/kg) /40% Tepp, 60% other ethyl phosphates/

LD50 Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) oral 3.56 mg/kg, 3-4 month old males /40% Tepp, 60% other ethyl phosphates/

LD50 Phasianus colchicus (pheasant) oral 4.22 mg/kg, 3-4 month old males (95% confidence limit: 2.93-6.09 mg/kg) /40% Tepp, 60% other ethyl phosphates/

LD50 Alectoris chuckar (chukar) oral 10.1 mg/kg, 3-4 month old (95% confidence limit: 7.28-14.0 mg/kg) /40% Tepp, 60% other ethyl phosphates/

LD50 Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog) oral 89.1 mg/kg (95% confidence limit: 46.3-171 mg/kg), males /40% Tepp, 60% other ethyl phosphates/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to mammals, birds and bees. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate's former production and use as an insecticide resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.60X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates tetraethyl pyrophosphate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetraethyl pyrophosphate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.0 hours. If released to soil, tetraethyl pyrophosphate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2.2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole. Tetraethyl pyrophosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, tetraethyl pyrophosphate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Biodegradation data for this substance were not located in the literature. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis half-lives for this substance have been measured to be 6.8 and 7.5 hours at 25 °C. Occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since tetraethyl pyrophosphate is no longer produced or used. In the past, tetraethyl pyrophosphate was applied directly to crops as an insecticide and exposure to this compound was primarily by loading crop duster airplanes and application to fields. (SRC)

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate's production and use as an insecticide(1) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

Air emmissions of TEPP manufacture have been reported to consist of 0.5 kg hydrocarbon and 0.05 kg TEPP per metric ton of pesticide produced.

Application as a contact insecticide on agricultural and ornamental crops, including use in greenhouses; formulation of insecticides; manufacture of TEPP.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.2(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1.00X10+6 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that tetraethyl pyrophosphate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetraethyl pyrophosphate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.60X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), and water solubility(2). Tetraethyl pyrophosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2). Biodegradation data for this substance were not located in the literature.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2.2(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1.00X10+6 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that tetraethyl pyrophosphate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.60X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow(5) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data for this substance were not located in the literature.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetraethyl pyrophosphate, which has a vapor pressure of 2.60X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tetraethyl pyrophosphate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5.0 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

Aquatic or Terrestrial Fate: ... Rapidly hydrolyzed in the presence of moisture.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tetraethyl pyrophosphate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5.0 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The hydrolysis half-life of tetraethyl pyrophosphate has been measured to be 7.5 hours at 25 °C based on a rate constant of 9.3X10-2 hr-1(2). Measured hydrolysis half-lives from another study were 6.8 hours at 25 °C and 3.3 hours at 38 °C(3). Tetraethyl pyrophosphate is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(4).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated for tetraethyl pyrophosphate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.45(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment.

The Koc of tetraethyl pyrophosphate is estimated as 2.2(SRC), using a water solubility of 1.00X10+6 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetraethyl pyrophosphate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for tetraethyl pyrophosphate is estimated as 2.2X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.60X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.00X10+6 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tetraethyl pyrophosphate is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(2). Tetraethyl pyrophosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Tetraethyl pyrophosphate has been detected during studies of pesticides in Dutch surface water resources(1).

Tetraethyl pyrophosphate was detected in foods sampled by the Food and Drug Administration during regulatory monitoring from 1978-1982(1). The concentrations of tetraethyl pyrophosphate and the types of food in which it was detected were not given.

Inhalation, eye, or skin contact.

... PERCENTAGE OF TOXIC DOSE RECEIVED PER HOUR OF WORK WAS 44.2% FOR WORKERS WHO LOADED AIRPLANES WITH 1% TEPP DUST.

Occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since tetraethyl pyrophosphate is no longer produced or used(SRC). In the past, tetraethyl pyrophosphate was applied directly to crops as an insecticide and exposure to this compound was primarily by loading crop duster airplanes and application to fields(1).

Potential exposure (dermal, oral) to tetraethyl pyrophosphate has been determined for piloting airplane dusting of fruit orchards (24 mg/hr, 0.17 mg/hr), for flagging for airplane application to fruit orchards (16 mg/hr, 0.07 mg/hr), and for loading for airplane application to fruit orchards(73 mg/hr, 0.15 mg/hr)(1).

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2004)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P111, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C with residence times for liquids and solids; seconds; solids: hours. Also, a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration with a liquid injection with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C with residence times of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also, a potential candidiate for fluidized bed incineration range of 450 to 980 °C with residence times for liquids and gases, seconds; solids, longer.

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal, or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Tepp /tetraethylpyrophosphate/ is 50% hydrolyzed in water in 6.8 hr at 25 °C, and 3.3 hr at 39 °C; 99% hydrolysis requires 45.2 hr at 25 °C, or 21.9 hr at 38 °C. Hydrolysis of tepp yields nontoxic products. Recommendable methods: Incineration & hydrolysis. Peer review: Large amt - incinerate at high temp in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2783 152(solid)

3018 152(liquid)

NA 2783; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid

IMO 6.1; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid

UN 1705; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate and compressed gas mixture

IMO 2.3; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate and compressed gas mixture

49 214 86; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, liquid

49 214 88; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate mixture, liquid

49 214 87; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate mixture, dry

49 205 45; Tetraethyl pyrophosphate and compressed gas mixture

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

Marine pollutant

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 27/28-50; S: (1/2)-36/37/39-38-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: I