4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 75 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 60 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

4-methoxy-4-methylpentan-2-one appears as a clear colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent.

Colorless to white liquid; [CHEMINFO] Oily liquid; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

WATER-WHITE LIQUID

297 to 325 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

147-163 °C

141 °F (NTP, 1992)

60 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Water solubility of 280,000 mg/l at 25 °C.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 28

Relative density (water = 1): 0.89

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.49

2.2 [mmHg]

3.16 mm Hg at 25 °C.

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 0.42

Odor Threshold Low: 25.0 [ppm]

[CAMEO] Odor threshold form CHEMINFO

Boiling point

Heat of sublimation

Vapor pressure

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Solvents -> Other Solvents

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LCLo (mice) = 2,280 ppm/15h

4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay using a protocol approved by the National Toxicology Program. A wide range of doses (0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333, and 10,000 ug/plate) was tested in four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced rat or hamster liver S9. These tests were negative and the highest ineffective dose level tested in any Salmonella tester strain was 10,000 ug/plate.

Two hydrocarbon solvents (heptane and Special Boiling Point Spirit 100/140) and eight oxygenated solvents (methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, di-isobutyl ketone, isopropyl ether, hexylene glycol, secondary butyl alcohol and ME 6K (pentoxone) have been tested for genotoxic activity. The solvents were tested in bacterial mutation assays, a yeast assay for mitotic gene conversion and in cultured mammalian cells (either rat liver or Chinese hamster ovary) for structural chromosome damage. All of the solvents gave a negative response in the bacterial mutation assays and the yeast mitotic gene conversion assay. In the rat liver chromosome assay, diacetone alcohol evoked a weak positive response, the remaining solvents gave a negative response.

4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is released to the atmosphere by evaporation from its use as a solvent in a variety of resin coatings. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 3.1 days). Direct photolysis may also contribute to its atmospheric degradation. Physical removal from air via wet deposition is possible since 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is very water soluble. If released to soil surfaces or water, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can degrade through direct photolysis (exact environmental photolysis rates are not available). Insufficient data are available to predict the importance of biodegradation. Evaporation from surfaces is an important environmental transport process. The time required to evaporate about 50% of applied 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone from a typical solvent application in lacquers, thinners, and paints is about 20 minutes. When released to moist soil, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may leach readily based upon an estimated Koc value of 4.4. Occupational exposure to 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can occur through inhalation of vapor and dermal contact. The general population may be exposed through the same routes when handling consumer products (such as paints, thinners, lacquers, etc) that contain 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. (SRC)

4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone's use as a solvent in variety of resin coating(1) will release the compound directly to air through evaporation(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Evaporation from surfaces is an important environmental transport process for 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. The time required to evaporate about 50% of applied 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone from a typical solvent application in lacquers, thinners, and paints is about 20 minutes(1). When released to moist soil, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may leach readily based upon an estimated Koc value of 4,4(2,SRC). Since 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be degraded by direct photolysis at environmental wavelengths(3), photodegradaton may occur on sunlit surfaces. Insufficient data are available to predict the importance of biodegradation(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: 4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be degraded by direct photolysis at environmentally relevant wavelenghts(1); although the photolysis rate in the environment is not certain. This process may contribute to its removal from sunlit water. Volatilization from water is slow. The volatilization half-lives from a model environmental river (1 meter deep) and model pond have been estimated to be 22 days and 236 days, respectively(2-3,SRC). Insufficient data are available to predict the importance of biodegradation. Aquatic hydrolysis bioconcentration, and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.16 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It is expected to degrade in an average ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemicall produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 3.1 days(3,SRC). 4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be degraded by direct photolysis at environmentally relevant wavelengths(4); although the photolysis rate in the environment is not certain, this process may contribute to atmospheric removal. Physical removal via wet deposition is likely since 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is very soluble in water. (SRC)

The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 5.15X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at room temperature which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.1 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Ketone, ether, and alkane functional groups are generally not susceptible to significant aqueous hydrolysis in the environment(2); therefore, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is not expected to hydrolyze in environmental waters(SRC). Laboratory experiments demonstrated that 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is decomposed by direct photolysis(3); irradiation in hexane solution at 313 nm resulted in a quantum yield measurement of 0.46 and a projected degradation half-life of about 6 hr(3); irradiation in ethanol and allyl alcohol solution yielded similar results(3); the photolysis products included mesityl oxide, methanol, an hydroxyfuran derivative, and small amounts of acetone and methyl isopropenyl ether(3).

Based upon a water solubility of 280,000 mg/l at 25 °C(1), the BCF for 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be estimated to be 0.5 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This BCF value suggests that 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone will not bioconcentrate significantly in aquatic organisms(SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 280,000 mg/l at 25 °C(1), the Koc for 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be estimated to be 4.4 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This Koc value suggests that 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone has very high soil mobility(3).

Based upon a water solubility of 280,000 mg/L(1) and an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.16 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), the Henry's Law constant for 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be estimated to be 1.93X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC). From this value of Henry's Law constant, the volatilization from environmental waters is slow with the possible exception of very shallow rivers(3). Based on the Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 22 days(3,SRC). Volatilization half-life from an model environmental pond can be estimated to be about 236 days(4,SRC). 4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone has a relative evaporation rate of 0.2 (relative to n-butyl acetate = 1) from non-adsorbing surfaces(5); the time required for 50% of applied 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone to evaporate from a standard use as lacquer-paint solvent is about 20 minutes(1).

Occupational exposure to 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can occur through inhalation of vapor and dermal contact. The general population may be exposed through the same routes when handling consumer products (such as paints, thinners, lacquers, etc) that contain 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. (SRC)

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,101 workers are potentially exposed to 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in the USA(1). NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 63,836 workers are potentially exposed to 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in the USA(2).

4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is released to the atmosphere by evaporation from its use as a solvent in a variety of resin coatings. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 3.1 days). Direct photolysis may also contribute to its atmospheric degradation. Physical removal from air via wet deposition is possible since 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is very water soluble. If released to soil surfaces or water, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can degrade through direct photolysis (exact environmental photolysis rates are not available). Insufficient data are available to predict the importance of biodegradation. Evaporation from surfaces is an important environmental transport process. The time required to evaporate about 50% of applied 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone from a typical solvent application in lacquers, thinners, and paints is about 20 minutes. When released to moist soil, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may leach readily based upon an estimated Koc value of 4.4. Occupational exposure to 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can occur through inhalation of vapor and dermal contact. The general population may be exposed through the same routes when handling consumer products (such as paints, thinners, lacquers, etc) that contain 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. (SRC)

4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone's use as a solvent in variety of resin coating(1) will release the compound directly to air through evaporation(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Evaporation from surfaces is an important environmental transport process for 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. The time required to evaporate about 50% of applied 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone from a typical solvent application in lacquers, thinners, and paints is about 20 minutes(1). When released to moist soil, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may leach readily based upon an estimated Koc value of 4,4(2,SRC). Since 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be degraded by direct photolysis at environmental wavelengths(3), photodegradaton may occur on sunlit surfaces. Insufficient data are available to predict the importance of biodegradation(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: 4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be degraded by direct photolysis at environmentally relevant wavelenghts(1); although the photolysis rate in the environment is not certain. This process may contribute to its removal from sunlit water. Volatilization from water is slow. The volatilization half-lives from a model environmental river (1 meter deep) and model pond have been estimated to be 22 days and 236 days, respectively(2-3,SRC). Insufficient data are available to predict the importance of biodegradation. Aquatic hydrolysis bioconcentration, and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.16 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It is expected to degrade in an average ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemicall produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 3.1 days(3,SRC). 4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be degraded by direct photolysis at environmentally relevant wavelengths(4); although the photolysis rate in the environment is not certain, this process may contribute to atmospheric removal. Physical removal via wet deposition is likely since 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is very soluble in water. (SRC)

The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 5.15X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at room temperature which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.1 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Ketone, ether, and alkane functional groups are generally not susceptible to significant aqueous hydrolysis in the environment(2); therefore, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is not expected to hydrolyze in environmental waters(SRC). Laboratory experiments demonstrated that 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone is decomposed by direct photolysis(3); irradiation in hexane solution at 313 nm resulted in a quantum yield measurement of 0.46 and a projected degradation half-life of about 6 hr(3); irradiation in ethanol and allyl alcohol solution yielded similar results(3); the photolysis products included mesityl oxide, methanol, an hydroxyfuran derivative, and small amounts of acetone and methyl isopropenyl ether(3).

Based upon a water solubility of 280,000 mg/l at 25 °C(1), the BCF for 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be estimated to be 0.5 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This BCF value suggests that 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone will not bioconcentrate significantly in aquatic organisms(SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 280,000 mg/l at 25 °C(1), the Koc for 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be estimated to be 4.4 from a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This Koc value suggests that 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone has very high soil mobility(3).

Based upon a water solubility of 280,000 mg/L(1) and an extrapolated vapor pressure of 3.16 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), the Henry's Law constant for 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can be estimated to be 1.93X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC). From this value of Henry's Law constant, the volatilization from environmental waters is slow with the possible exception of very shallow rivers(3). Based on the Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 22 days(3,SRC). Volatilization half-life from an model environmental pond can be estimated to be about 236 days(4,SRC). 4-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone has a relative evaporation rate of 0.2 (relative to n-butyl acetate = 1) from non-adsorbing surfaces(5); the time required for 50% of applied 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone to evaporate from a standard use as lacquer-paint solvent is about 20 minutes(1).

Occupational exposure to 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone can occur through inhalation of vapor and dermal contact. The general population may be exposed through the same routes when handling consumer products (such as paints, thinners, lacquers, etc) that contain 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. (SRC)

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,101 workers are potentially exposed to 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in the USA(1). NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 63,836 workers are potentially exposed to 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone in the USA(2).

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 4-METHOXY-4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2293; 4-Methoxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one

IMO 3.3; 4-Methoxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xn; R: 10-20; S: (2)-23-24/25

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III