3-Hydroxybutanal

H310 (66.7%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (33.3%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319 (66.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P316, P321, P337+P317, P361+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 60 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Aldol appears as a clear white to yellow syrupy liquid. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin and eyes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.

Colorless to yellow liquid; [HSDB] Clear viscous liquid; [MSDSonline]

Clear, white-to-yellow syrupy liquid

Colorless, thick liquid

Decomposes at about 83 °C

Boiling point = 83 °C at 20 mm

150 °F (NFPA, 2010)

150 °F (66 °C) (open cup)

Miscible with water /1.00X10+6 mg/L/

Miscible with water

Miscible with ethanol; soluble in diethyl ether; very soluble in acetone

Miscible with alcohol, ether, organic solvents

1.103 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Specific heat: 0.737; bulk density: 9.17 lb/gal at 20 degC

3.00 (Air = 1)

21.0 [mmHg]

21 mm Hg at 20 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

482 °F (250 °C)

Emits crotonaldehyde and water when heated.

Index of refraction: 1.4238 at 20 °C/D

Decomposes at 85 °C to produce crotonaldehyde

Conversion factors: 1 mg/L = 278 ppm; 1 ppm = 3.6 mg/cu m

Other Classes -> Aldehydes

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Reactive agents - 1st degree

Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Aldehydes

An aldehyde and alcohol. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetaldol is a colorless, thick liquid. It is used in manufacture of rubber vulcanizers. Other uses include perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant, and synthetic polymers. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats exposed to acetaldol saturated air survived 1/2 hour.

LD50 Rat oral 2180 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 140 mg/kg

Immediate first aid: Ensure adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Considering administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Rats exposed to /acetaldol/ saturated air survived 1/2 hour.

Acetaldol's production and use in the manufacture of rubber vulcanizers, perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant and synthetic polymers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates acetaldol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetaldol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours. Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. Acetaldol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing a standard dilution test, acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, acetaldol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to acetaldol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetaldol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetaldol from smoking cigarettes. (SRC)

Acetaldol's production and use in the manufacture of rubber vulcanizers(1,2), perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant and synthetic polymers(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Acetaldol has been identified as a constituent of tobacco smoke(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetaldol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Acetaldol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(3). Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days(4), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetaldol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(3), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetaldol, which has a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetaldol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days using a sewage inoculum in a standard dilution method test at 20 °C(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetaldol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Acetaldol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for acetaldol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of acetaldol is estimated as 1(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for acetaldol is estimated as 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that acetaldol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Acetaldol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not likely to occur(SRC). Acetaldol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(3).

DRINKING WATER: Acetaldol was detected, but not quantified in water samples collected in Seattle WA 5.2 sampled on Nov 5, 1976(1).

Acetaldol has been identified as a constituent of tobacco smoke(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of acetaldol in the United States may be as low as 50 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 37,212 workers (11,951 of these are female) were potentially exposed to acetaldol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to acetaldol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetaldol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetaldol via smoking cigarettes. (SRC)

Acetaldol's production and use in the manufacture of rubber vulcanizers, perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant and synthetic polymers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates acetaldol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetaldol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours. Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. Acetaldol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing a standard dilution test, acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, acetaldol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to acetaldol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetaldol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetaldol from smoking cigarettes. (SRC)

Acetaldol's production and use in the manufacture of rubber vulcanizers(1,2), perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant and synthetic polymers(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Acetaldol has been identified as a constituent of tobacco smoke(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetaldol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Acetaldol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(3). Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days(4), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetaldol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(3), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetaldol, which has a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetaldol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days using a sewage inoculum in a standard dilution method test at 20 °C(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetaldol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Acetaldol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for acetaldol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of acetaldol is estimated as 1(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for acetaldol is estimated as 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that acetaldol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Acetaldol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not likely to occur(SRC). Acetaldol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(3).

DRINKING WATER: Acetaldol was detected, but not quantified in water samples collected in Seattle WA 5.2 sampled on Nov 5, 1976(1).

Acetaldol has been identified as a constituent of tobacco smoke(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of acetaldol in the United States may be as low as 50 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 37,212 workers (11,951 of these are female) were potentially exposed to acetaldol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to acetaldol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetaldol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetaldol via smoking cigarettes. (SRC)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.