2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (2 of 1289) of reports.

H226 (99.8%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302+H312 (23.9%): Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H302 (99.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (99.8%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (99.8%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (37.6%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (34.2%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (65.6%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (38.6%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1289 reports by companies from 46 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 1289 reports by companies.

There are 45 notifications provided by 1287 of 1289 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Do not get water inside containers.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Water may be ineffective. Alcohol foam.

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, foam, CO2, dry chemical.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES /Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures/ Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

/Product/ Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. /Contaminated packaging/ Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids, acid chlorides, copper and food and feedstuffs.

Do not store near acids.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Handle and store under inert gas. Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

1.1 [ppm]

12 [ppm]

72 [ppm]

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the respiratory tract. The substance is corrosive to the eyes and skin. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

/Skin protection/ Handle with gloves.

/Eye/face protection/ Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

/Respiratory protection/ Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

/Body Protection/ Complete suit protecting against chemicals, Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing., The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 38 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

2-dimethylaminoethanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a fishlike odor. Flash point 105 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. Used to make other chemicals.

A clear colorless liquid with a fishlike odor; [CAMEO]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless liquid

Very faint yellow liquid

Amine odor

Fishy odor

275 °F at 758 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

134.1 °C

134.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

135 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-74 °F (NTP, 1992)

105 °F (NTP, 1992)

105 °F open cup

38 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with water

Miscible with alcohol, ether

Miscible with acetone, benzene

1000 mg/mL

Solubility in water: miscible

0.887 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8866 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Bulk density wt/gal at 20 °C: 7.4 lb/gal

Relative density (water = 1): 0.89

0.8866 @ 20°C

3.03 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.03 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.03

7.8 mmHg at 72 °F ; 18.8 mmHg at 103.1 °F; 77.5 mmHg at 155.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

3.18 [mmHg]

3.18 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 612

log Kow = -0.55 at 23 °C

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

563 °F (USCG, 1999)

563 °F (295 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

3.5839 mPa.s at 21.6 °C

42.7-43.2 kJ/mol

Flammable. Partially soluble in water and less dense than water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL is an organic compound with both amine and alcohol substituents. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. This compound may react vigorously with oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Oxidizing agents, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Do not store near acids.

can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Ignites spontaneously in contact with cellulose nitrate of high surface area.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) is a colorless liquid. DMAE has been used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products. Deaner(DMAE p-acetamidobenzoate) was a U.S. prescription drug for more than 20 years until 1983 when it was withdrawn from the market. It was used to treat children with learning and behavior problems. A large number of dietary supplements contain DMAE. The predominant form, when specified, is DMAE bitartrate. DMAE has applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Severe respiratory symptoms were observed in a single painter exposed to spray paint containing DMAE. Wheal and flare responses occurred after exposure of human volunteers to DMAE but it was interpreted as an irritant. DMAE tartrate administered orally to humans produced mild mental stimulation. At 20 mg/day, there was a gradual increase in muscle tone and perhaps an increased frequency of convulsions in susceptible individuals. Larger doses produced insomnia, muscle tenseness, and spontaneous muscle twitches. Serious cholinergic side effects were reported in a 37-yr-old woman with tardive dyskinesia who had been taking deanol. However, a single 2500 mg dose taken in a suicide attempt had no adverse effects. ANIMAL STUDIES: Acute clinical signs of rat exposure to DMAE vapor included nasal and ocular irritation, respiratory distress, and body weight loss. In the 13-week study, rats were exposed to 0, 8, 24, or 76 ppm DMAE for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. The principal exposure-related changes were transient corneal opacity in the 24 and 76 ppm groups; decreased body weight gain for the 76 ppm group; and histopathological lesions of the respiratory and olfactory epithelium of the anterior nasal cavity of the 76 ppm group and of the eye of several 76 ppm group females. DMAE did not induce any neoplasms in mice. In a developmental study in rats there were no effects of DMAE treatment on any gestational parameters, including pre- and post-implantation loss or sex ratio. Fetal body weights per litter were statistically significantly increased at 100 ppm relative to controls. There were no increases in the incidences of total malformations by category (external, visceral or skeletal) or individually. The incidence of six skeletal variations out of 120 noted differed in exposed groups relative to that of control. Four of these variations were decreases in incidence; only one fetal variation, the split (bipartite) cervical centrum, was elevated at 100 ppm relative to controls. DMAE was not genotoxic using the Salmonella/microsome reverse gene mutation test, the CHO/HGPRT forward gene mutation test, a sister chromatid exchange test in cultured CHO cells, and an in vivo peripheral blood micronucleus test in mice.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Blurred vision. Pain. Severe burns.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse. Burning sensation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (rat) = 1,641 ppm/4h

LD50 Rabbit dermal 1370 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse sc 961 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 234 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 1080 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Monomethylethanolamine (1 mM) and dimethylethanolamine (1 mM) stimulated DNA synthesis 10- and 15-fold, respectively, in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. In addition, simultaneous treatments with insulin (500 nM) and methylated ethanolamine analogues (1 mM or less) resulted in synergistic activation of DNA synthesis. The order of mitogenic potency of ethanolamine analogues was dimethylethanolamine > monomethylethanolamine > ethanolamine. Choline (1-5 mM) alone had no effect on DNA synthesis, but it increased the combined effects of lower concentrations of ethanolamine analogues and insulin. The synergistic effects of ethanolamine analogues, choline and insulin were considerably (1.7- to 1.9-fold) enhanced by GF 109203X (3 uM), a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C. The results suggest that ethanolamine analogues enhance insulin-induced DNA synthesis by a mechanism which is inhibited by the protein kinase C system.

Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) was administered acutely to rats subsequently injected with spomorphine. A dose of 80 mg of DMAE had no effect on the severity of apomorphine-induced stereotypy. However, 160 mg of DMAE significantly diminished the severity of apomorphine-induced stereotypy. This dose of DMAE did not significantly alter spontaneous locomotor activity. DMAE did not reduced apomorphine-induced stereotypy in animals previously exposed to haloperidol and presumed to have postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity. These results with DMAE are contrasted with the effects of choline chloride, and suggest that choline chloride may be more effective than DMAE at augmenting striatal cholinergic activity.

Dithiocarb and (+)-cyanidanol-3-prevented paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats in vivo. Both, as well as two other antihepatotoxic agents, deanol and DMSO, inhibited covalent binding of [(3)H]-paracetamol to rat liver microsomal proteins in vitro. Dithiocarb and (+)-cyanidanol-3 were the most effective inhibitors. The concentrations of the antidotes yielding 50% inhibition (I50) valued 1.8 x 10(-5) M for dithiocarb and 2.1 x 10(-5) M for (+)-cyanidanol-3.

2-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE; 0.1-0.5 g/kg) significantly reduced the paracetamol-induced increments of serum-enzyme activities (GOT, GPT, SDH) in rats and mice. This hepatoprotective effect of DMAE depended on the applied dose in rats, but there was no complete protection following the highest dose. Paracetamol-induced depletion of hepatic glutathione (GSH) was not influenced by the simultaneous administration of DMAE in rats and mice. Metabolic disposition of paracetamol in the urine of rats showed an enhanced elimination of free paracetamol and the glucuronide in the DMAE-treated group, whereas the mercapturate excretion remained unchanged. Diminished p-hydroxylation of aniline in a 9000Xg supernatant of rat and mouse liver homogenates in the presence of DMAE indicated an inhibition of microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity, which is also involved in the metabolic activation of paracetamol.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Adverse effects were observed in one occupational study (manufacture of polyurethane foam insulation for refrigerators) and included disorders of the upper respiratory tract and nervous system, along with significant changes in the immune status. Workers were exposed to a mixture of DMAE, ethylenediamine, propylene oxide, and 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate. Severe respiratory symptoms were observed in a single painter exposed to spray paint containing DMAE. Wheal and flare responses occurred after exposure of human volunteers to DMAE (undiluted, and 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions in saline) but were interpreted as an irritant response. DMAE failed to meet the current criteria for classification as a respiratory sensitizer.[NTP; Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE)

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Beyond subjective assessments, the effect of skin tensors is difficult to assess. The present 2-phase randomized double-blind split face study was designed to compare the effect of a gel containing 3% 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol, DMAE) with the same formulation without DMAE. In a first pilot study, sensorial assessments and measures of the skin distension under suction were performed in eight volunteers. In a second study conducted in 30 volunteers, shear wave propagation was measured. Large interindividual variations precluded any significant finding in the first study. The DMAE formulation showed, however, a significant effect characterized by increased shear wave velocity in the direction where the mechanical anisotropy of skin showed looseness.The DMAE formulation under investigation increased skin firmness.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Skincare formulations for the improvement of aging skin are increasingly important consumer products. Here, we review available data on one such agent - 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or deanol - that has recently been evaluated in a placebo-controlled trial. DMAE is an analog of the B vitamin choline and is a precursor of acetylcholine. Although the role of acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter is well known, growing evidence points to acetylcholine as a ubiquitous cytokine-like molecule that regulates basic cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, locomotion, and secretion in a paracrine and autocrine fashion. Indeed, this modulatory role may contribute to the cutaneous activity of DMAE. In a randomized clinical study, 3% DMAE facial gel applied daily for 16 weeks has been shown to be safe and efficacious (p < 0.05) in the mitigation of forehead lines and periorbital fine wrinkles, and in improving lip shape and fullness and the overall appearance of aging skin. These effects did not regress during a 2-week cessation of application. Beneficial trends (p > 0.05 but </= 0.1) were noted in the appearance of coarse wrinkles, under-eye dark circles, nasolabial folds, sagging neck skin, and neck firmness. Application was found to be well tolerated, with no differences in the incidence of erythema, peeling, dryness, itching, burning, or stinging between the DMAE and placebo groups. An open-label extension of the trial showed that the long-term application of DMAE gel for up to 1 year was associated with a good safety profile. The acute skin-firming effects of DMAE have been confirmed by quantitative measures of cutaneous tensile strength.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Seventy-four children referred for problems with learning, including many with hyperactivity, were screened for neurological or psychiatric illness, then given deanol, methylphenidate, or placebo in a double-blind fashion for 3 months. Maintenance dose for methylphenidate was 40 mg daily; for deanol, 500 mg. Behavior rating forms, reaction time, and a series of standard psychometric tests were given before and after treatment. Both drugs showed significant improvement on a number of tests; the pattern and degree of change differed slightly for the 2. In this paradigm, deanol thus appeared to improve performance in children with learning and behavior disorders. The mechanism of action remains speculative; proof that deanol increases acetylcholine is scanty, and there is a theoretical basis for actually assuming an anticholinergic effect.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) is a volatile, water-soluble amine that has applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. These studies evaluated the acute and subchronic inhalation toxicity of DMEA. Acute (4-hr) exposures of Wistar rats to DMEA vapor resulted in an LC50 value (95% confidence limits) of 1641 (862-3125) ppm. Clinical signs of nasal and ocular irritation, respiratory distress, and body weight loss were observed in rats exposed to 1668 ppm DMEA and higher.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In the 13-week subchronic study, F-344 rats were exposed to 0, 8, 24, or 76 ppm DMEA for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks. The principal exposure-related changes were transient corneal opacity in the 24 and 76 ppm groups; decreased body weight gain for the 76 ppm group; and histopathologic lesions of the respiratory and olfactory epithelium of the anterior nasal cavity of the 76 ppm group and of the eye of several 76 ppm group females. Rats maintained for a 5-week recovery period only exhibited histological lesions of the nasal tissue, with the lesions being decreased in incidence and severity. DMEA acts primarily as an ocular and upper respiratory tract irritant and toxicant at vapor concentrations of 76 ppm, while 24 ppm or less produced no biologically significant toxicity in rats. Thus, 24 ppm was considered to be the no-observable-effect level.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In the 2-week study, F-344 rats exposed to 98, 288, or 586 ppm DMEA for 9 days (6 hr/day) during an 11-day period also exhibited signs of respiratory and ocular irritation (except the 98 ppm group). All animals of the 586 ppm group and 4 of 15 male rats of the 288 ppm group died. Body weight values for the 288 ppm group were reduced to about 75% of preexposure values, while the 98 ppm group gained 35% less weight than controls. Statistically significant differences in clinical pathology parameters (288 ppm group) and in organ weight values (288 and 98 ppm groups) probably resulted from the decreased food consumption and not from specific target organ toxicity. In the groups evaluated histologically (the 98 and 288 ppm groups) the eye and nasal mucosa were the primary target organs.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ The lysosome hypothesis of aging predicts that membrane stabilizers will extend life-span. Stabilizers containing the dimethylaminoethanol moiety (DMAE) have been reported to extend the life-span of drosophila and mice. We tested the prediction in Japanese quail (N = 15) by administering DMAE bitartrate (18.4 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 69 weeks, starting at 195 weeks of age. A matched control group (N = 14) received tartaric acid (4.0 mg/kg/day) in the water. Contrary to the prediction, the DMAE-treated group has a shorter life-span after start of treatment (49 weeks) than the controls (69 weeks). No significant differences between the groups were observed in body weight or daily fluid intake. Three behavioral studies were carried out on survivors at 243-249 weeks of age, namely; activity response to light-flash; sexual mounting response to a female quail; and classical conditioning of the heart rate. Aged quail differed from young-adults in changes in motor activity in response to light flashes. Aged quail appeared less responsive initially to reinforced conditioning trials and demonstrated extinction when light flash was not followed by electric shock. There were no detectable differences in latency to mount or in basal heart rate, either as a function of age or as a function of DMAE treatment. /DMAE bitartarate/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of December 8, 2014: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

2-Dimethylaminoethanol's production and use to manufacture flocculants for wastewater treatment, flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, polyurethane lacquers, water-based paints and surface coatings, and used for ion exchange resins, pharmaceuticals, and corrosion inhibitor formulations may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may be emitted directly to air from sealants, architectural coatings, coatings on furniture and cabinets, polyurethane foam cushions, and carpets in homes, commercial buildings, and vehicles. It may also be released directly into the environment as a component of corrosion inhibitor formulations, paints, and surface coatings. 2-Dimethylaminoethanol occurs in salmon, sardines, and anchovies. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.18 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-dimethylaminoethanol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-dimethylaminoethanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.3 hours. Vapor-phase 2-dimethylaminoethanol will also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days. If released to soil, 2-dimethylaminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. The pKa of 2-dimethylaminoethanol is 9.3. At pH 8.2, 20% will be the free amine. Thus, this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. As a result, 2-dimethylaminoethanol may have greater adsorption and less mobility than its estimated Koc value indicates. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 60.5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is readily biodegradable and that biodegradation is expected to be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, 2-dimethylaminoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-dimethylaminoethanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-dimethylaminoethanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-dimethylaminoethanol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and dietary supplements, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-dimethylaminoethanol. (SRC)

2-Dimethylaminoethanol is a naturally occurring precursor of choline; it is found in high concentrations in salmon, sardines, and anchovies(1).

2-Dimethylaminoethanol's production and use to manufacture flocculants for wastewater treatment, flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, polyurethane lacquers, water-based paints and surface coatings, and used for ion exchange resins, pharmaceuticals, and corrosion inhibitor formulations(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may be emitted directly to air from sealants, architectural coatings, coatings on furniture and cabinets, polyurethane foam cushions, and carpets in homes, commercial buildings, and vehicles(1). It may also be released directly into the environment as a component of corrosion inhibitor formulations, paints, and surface coatings(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-dimethylaminoethanol is 9.3(3). At pH 8.2, 20% will be the free amine. Thus, this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(4). As a result, 2-dimethylaminoethanol may have greater adsorption and less mobility than its estimated Koc value indicates. Volatilization of 2-dimethylaminoethanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.18 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). A 60.5% of theoretical BOD in two weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is readily biodegradable(6) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Results of another screening test found that 2-dimethylaminoethanol biodegrades readily(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.55(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 60.5% of theoretical BOD in two weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is readily biodegradable(6) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Results of another screening test found that 2-dimethylaminoethanol biodegrades readily(7). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

2-Dimethylaminoethanol's production and use to manufacture flocculants for wastewater treatment, flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, polyurethane lacquers, water-based paints and surface coatings, and used for ion exchange resins, pharmaceuticals, and corrosion inhibitor formulations may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may be emitted directly to air from sealants, architectural coatings, coatings on furniture and cabinets, polyurethane foam cushions, and carpets in homes, commercial buildings, and vehicles. It may also be released directly into the environment as a component of corrosion inhibitor formulations, paints, and surface coatings. 2-Dimethylaminoethanol occurs in salmon, sardines, and anchovies. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.18 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-dimethylaminoethanol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-dimethylaminoethanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.3 hours. Vapor-phase 2-dimethylaminoethanol will also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days. If released to soil, 2-dimethylaminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. The pKa of 2-dimethylaminoethanol is 9.3. At pH 8.2, 20% will be the free amine. Thus, this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. As a result, 2-dimethylaminoethanol may have greater adsorption and less mobility than its estimated Koc value indicates. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 60.5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is readily biodegradable and that biodegradation is expected to be an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, 2-dimethylaminoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-dimethylaminoethanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-dimethylaminoethanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-dimethylaminoethanol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and dietary supplements, and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-dimethylaminoethanol. (SRC)

2-Dimethylaminoethanol is a naturally occurring precursor of choline; it is found in high concentrations in salmon, sardines, and anchovies(1).

2-Dimethylaminoethanol's production and use to manufacture flocculants for wastewater treatment, flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, polyurethane lacquers, water-based paints and surface coatings, and used for ion exchange resins, pharmaceuticals, and corrosion inhibitor formulations(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may be emitted directly to air from sealants, architectural coatings, coatings on furniture and cabinets, polyurethane foam cushions, and carpets in homes, commercial buildings, and vehicles(1). It may also be released directly into the environment as a component of corrosion inhibitor formulations, paints, and surface coatings(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-dimethylaminoethanol is 9.3(3). At pH 8.2, 20% will be the free amine. Thus, this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(4). As a result, 2-dimethylaminoethanol may have greater adsorption and less mobility than its estimated Koc value indicates. Volatilization of 2-dimethylaminoethanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.18 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). A 60.5% of theoretical BOD in two weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is readily biodegradable(6) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Results of another screening test found that 2-dimethylaminoethanol biodegrades readily(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -0.55(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 60.5% of theoretical BOD in two weeks using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is readily biodegradable(6) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Results of another screening test found that 2-dimethylaminoethanol biodegrades readily(7). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-dimethylaminoethanol, which has a vapor pressure of 3.18 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-dimethylaminoethanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase 2-dimethylaminoethanol is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.71X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

AEROBIC: 2-Dimethylaminoethanol, present at 100 mg/L, reached 60.5% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test which classified the compound as readily biodegradable(1). A static test using a non adapted activated sludge inoculum measured a 2-dimethylaminoethanol degradation of >90% in 13 days(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-dimethylaminoethanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 9.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-dimethylaminoethanol with ozone has been measured as 6.71X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 2-dimethylaminoethanol(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.55(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-dimethylaminoethanol can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of 2-dimethylaminoethanol is 9.3(3). At pH 8.2, 20% will be the free amine. Thus, this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(4). As a result, 2-dimethylaminoethanol may have greater adsorption and less mobility than its estimated Koc value indicates.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-dimethylaminoethanol is estimated as 1.8X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-dimethylaminoethanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 2-Dimethylaminoethanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.18 mm Hg(3).

A large number of dietary supplements contain 2-dimethylaminoethanol. The predominant form, when specified, is 2-dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate(1). /2-Dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate/

2-Dimethylaminoethanol is a naturally occurring precursor of choline; it is found in high concentrations in salmon, sardines, and anchovies(1). Individuals may ingest small quantities of 2-dimethylaminoethanol through the consumption of salmon roe, mollusks (squid), and fish(2).

2-Dimethylaminoethanol may be emitted to air from sealants, architectural coatings, coatings on furniture and cabinets, polyurethane foam cushions, and carpets in homes, commercial buildings, and vehicles(1). Air monitoring conducted in interior of a motor vehicle in the autumn of 2006 for 7 days derived a 2-dimethylaminoethanol diffusion coefficient of 0.073 cu cm/sec with the 2-dimethylaminoethanol being emitted from polyurethane materials in the vehicle(2).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 8 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in the United States may be as low as <10 workers and as high as 100-499 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 33,474 workers (5,559 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 2-dimethylaminoethanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-dimethylaminoethanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-dimethylaminoethanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-dimethylaminoethanol via ingestion of food and dietary supplements, dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-dimethylaminoethanol, and inhalation(SRC).

NIOSH-sponsored industrial hygiene surveys conducted at four polyurethane foam insulation manufacturing facilities in 1979 found DMAE concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.22 ppm in workplace air at one facility and "very low" concentrations at another facility. A review estimated that industrial 2-dimethylaminoethanol exposure in the United Kingdom is controlled to less than 2 ppm as an 8-hour time-weight average (TWA); higher exposures of 2 to 4 ppm are possible during spray painting with water-based coatings. The magnitude of dermal exposure was estimated to be 0 to 0.1 mg/sq cm/day with up to 1 mg/sq cm/day for spent catalyst drumming in organic flocculants manufacture. The TWA values for worker exposure in polyether block plants and in hot cure molding plants were up to 60 ppb total amine burden, which is comprised of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane triethylenediamine (DABCO) and 2-dimethylaminoethanol. The range of 2-dimethylaminoethanol was <1 to 87 ppb in polyether slabstock production, 7 to 1,100 ppb in hot cure molding, and <10 ppb in cold cure molding and in conversion and cold block handling(1).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

/Product/ Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. /Contaminated packaging/ Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 132 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2051; 2-Dimethylaminoethanol

IMO 8; 2-Dimethylaminoethanol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive Flammable Liquid

Symbol: C; R: 10-20/21/22-34; S: (1/2)-25-26-36/37/39-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: II