Methyl Isobutyl Ketone

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 4455) of reports.

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319 (> 99.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (97.1%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (93.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (11.5%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H351 (11.8%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4455 reports by companies from 80 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 4455 reports by companies.

There are 79 notifications provided by 4453 of 4455 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Not Classified

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P319, P321, P331, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Fire extinguishers containing carbon dioxide, dry powder, or foam are recommended. Flashback along a vapor trail may occur. Water should not be used, since this may cause the fire to spread, though a water spray can be used to cool containers.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistance" foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. Ue water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides, Oxides of phosphorus.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

In the event of spillage, naked flames, sparks, and heat should be avoided. Contact with skin and eyes should be avoided by wearing suitable protective gloves, face-shield and boots. Liquid should be prevented from entering drains and sewers. Spillages (small-scale) should be absorbed on paper towels, sawdust, or sand, and all material should be removed to a safe place for subsequent disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U161 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store at Room Temperature.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Drums should be stored in a well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and heat. The storage temperature should not exceed 40 °C.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Store away from oxidizers and reducing agents.

Conditions that could lead to autoxidation (presence of air, light, heat, or heavy metals) or condensation (strongly acidic or basic media) should be avoided during storage. Containers of V2A steel are recommended for both storage and transportation.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - MIBK in urine = 1 mg/L; sample at end of shift; [ACGIH]

20.0 [ppm]

75 [ppm]

500 [ppm]

3000 [ppm]

50 ppm (205 mg/m³)

75 ppm (300 mg/m³)

TWA 50 ppm (205 mg/m3) ST 75 ppm (300 mg/m3)

100.0 [ppm]

100 ppm (410 mg/m³)

TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3) See Appendix G

500 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

500.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Among a group of workers exposed to concentrations of 500 ppm for 20 to 30 minutes and about 80 ppm for the rest of the shift, most experienced irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, weakness, loss of appetite, headache, nausea, vomiting, and a sore throat [Linari et al. 1964].

See: 108101

75.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 20 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 75 ppm.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: methyl isobutyl ketone in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift; BEI: 1 mg/L.

20 ppm as TWA; 75 ppm as STEL; A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans); BEI issued.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.

CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance and the vapour are irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system at high concentrations. This may result in narcosis.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Methyl isobutyl ketone appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point 73 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless, mobile liquid with a fruity, ethereal odour

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.

Colorless liquid

Pleasant odor

Faint, ketonic and camphor odor

Fruity, ethereal odor

243 to 244 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

115.7 °C

116.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

117-118 °C

116.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-120.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

-84.7 °C

-120.5 °F

73 °F (NTP, 1992)

64 °F (18 °C) (Closed cup)

14 °C c.c.

1 to 5 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Water/air, blood/air, oil (olive oil)/air, oil/water, and oil/blood partition (or solubility) coefficients of methyl isobutyl ketone were measured by vial-equilibration in combination with gas chromatography. Partition coefficients for methyl isobutyl ketone: water/air: 79; blood/air: 90; oil/air: 926. The blood/air partition coefficients for ketones are almost in the same range as the water/air, irrespective of the oil/air partition coefficients.

In water, 19,000 mg/L at 25 °C

Slightly soluble in water

Miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene; soluble in chloroform

Miscible with most organic solvents

19 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 1.91

miscible with alcohol, ether, and to 1 ml in 50 ml of water

(in ethanol)

0.802 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7965 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Density: 0.8042 at 20 °C/20 °C

Bulk density: 6.68 lb/gal at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.80

0.796-0.799

0.7965 @25 °C

3.45 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.45 (Air = 1)

Highly flammable. This chemical is sensitive to air (may form explosive peroxides). Slightly soluble in water.

Highly Flammable

Peroxidizable Compound

METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE is incompatible with caustic soda and other strong alkalis, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and other strong inorganic acids, amines and oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid and chromium trioxide. It reacts violently with potassium tert-butoxide. It reacts vigorously with reducing materials. (NTP, 1992).

Incompatible with strong oxidizers and can react vigorously with reducing agents.

Ignites on contact with potassium-t-butoxide ... May form explosive peroxides upon exposure to air. Can react vigorously with reducing material.

4-Methyl-2-pentanone had not been considered prone to autoxidation, but an explosion during prolonged and repeated aerobic hot evaporation of the solvent was attributed to formation and explosion of a peroxide.

Strong oxidizers, potassium tert-butoxide

Methyl isobutyl ketone

B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)

10 samples had 0-70 ppm peroxide; age 1-9 yrs

An explosion occured during repeated hot evaporations in air. See Bretherick's.

Smith, G. H., Chem. & Ind., 1972, 291

Bretherick. L., Chem. & Ind., 1972, 363

Yoshida, 1980, 363

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 49-101

https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+108-10-1

Based on the available animal and clinical data in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that MIBK is safe as used in nail polish removers and as an alcohol denaturant in cosmetic products.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a colorless liquid. It is used as a solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, paints, varnishes, and lacquers. It is also used as denaturant for rubbing alcohol, in the manufacture of methyl amyl alcohol, and in dry-cleaning preparations. It is also widely used in rubber chemicals for the production of tyres. HUMAN STUDIES: Symptoms and signs of poisoning include: irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, as well as CNS depression. Gastrointestinal pain and hepatic toxicity may occur with exposure to high concentrations. In workers exposed to up to 2050 mg MIBK/cu m (500 ppm) for 20-30 min per day and to 328 mg/cu m (80 ppm) for much of the remainder of the working day, over half of the 19 workers complained of weakness, loss of appetite, headache, eye irritation, stomach ache, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat. A few of the workers experienced insomnia, somnolence, heartburn, intestinal pain, and some unsteadiness. Four workers had slightly enlarged livers and six had a nonspecific colitis. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause drying and flaking of the skin. Accidental aspiration of liquid MIBK can cause chemical pneumonitis. ANIMAL STUDIES: MIBK elicited no dermal irritation to intact rabbit skin. Guinea pigs were exposed to 1000, 16,800, 28,000 ppm MIBK. The 1000 ppm level caused little or no irritation of eyes and nose of the animals. Guinea pigs showed a decreased respiratory rate during the first 6 hr of exposure attributed to a low grade CNS depression. The 16,800 ppm level caused immediate signs of eye and nose irritation followed by salivation, lacrimation, ataxia, and death. Nine of 10 animals died within 6 hr of exposure. The highest concentration used (28,000 ppm) killed 50 percent of the animals within 45 min. Only a few guinea pigs survived 60 min of exposure. Fatty livers and congestion of the brain, lungs and spleen were noted. Rats exposed to 25 ppm MIBK showed a minimal statistical increase in pressor lever response, but the discriminatory behavior of baboons was not impaired by exposures of 20-40 ppm. In rats exposed dermally to 300-600 mg MIBK/kg per day for 4 months, dose- and time-dependent morphological changes were observed in the skin, brain, liver, adrenals, spleen, and testis. Body temperature decreased and oxygen consumption increased. Reproductive toxicity of MIBK was evaluated in a two-generation inhalation study in rats. The only effect reported in offspring was significantly depressed body weights on day 14 postpartum in F1 and F2 male and female pups in mid- and high-exposure groups; however, pup body weights were not different from those of controls on days 7 and 21 post-partum. No other exposure-related changes were observed in any reproductive or developmental endpoint in either generation, including an absence of anatomical changes in F0 and parental F1 reproductive organs. Genotoxicity assays of MIBK included the Salmonella/microsome (Ames) assay, L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, BALB/3T3 cell transformation assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis assay, and micronucleus assay. The presence of a marginal response only at the highest cytotoxic concentration tested in the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay, the lack of reproducibility in the BALB/3T3 cell transformation assay, and clearly negative results in the Ames assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis and micronucleus assays, suggest that MIBK is unlikely to be genotoxic in mammalian systems. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Aquatic invertebrates are less sensitive than fish to the toxicity of MIBK. The toxicity of MIBK was also measured in the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda, in which the 8-day threshold for toxicity was 725 mg/L, and in the relatively more sensitive cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa, in which the toxicity threshold was 136 mg/L.

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)

Developmental

Musculoskeletal

3 mg/m^3

4-Methyl-2-pentanone

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer in humans: No data were available to the Working Group. Cancer in experimental animals: There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of methyl isobutyl ketone. Overall evaluation: Methyl isobutyl ketone is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Male rat-specific kidney tumors can occur after exposures to a structurally diverse group of substances or their metabolites. This arises from binding to α2u, a low-molecular-weight protein. Examples of these substances include 1,4-dichlorobenzene (and -2,5-dichlorophenol, its metabolite), d-limonene (and d-limonene 2-5-oxide, its metabolite), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, (and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol, its metabolite), tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) (and TBA, its metabolite), and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (and TBA, its metabolite). They induce α2u-globulin nephropathy, a mode of action (MoA) noted in a series of studies and publications over recent decades as not being relevant in humans. The nephropathy can lead to kidney tumor formation in male rats.

Methyl isobutyl ketone

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 101: (2012) Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-water

TR-538: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (CASRN 108-10-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) (2007 )

09/27/05

Some Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year dermal studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane in male or female F344/N rats administered 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane in male B6C3F1 mice administered 150, 300, or 600 mg/kg or in female B6C3F1 mice administered 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg.

Methyl isobutyl ketone is used as a denaturant for rubbing alcohol; as a solvent for paints, varnishes, nitrocellulose, lacquers, and protective coatings; in industrial extraction processes; in dry-cleaning preparations; and in the synthesis of methyl isobutyl carbinol. Methyl isobutyl ketone was nominated for study by the National Cancer Institute and the United States Environmental Protection Agency because of its widespread use, the high potential for worker exposure due to its many industrial applications, and its high production volume. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to methyl isobutyl ketone (greater than 99% pure) by inhalation for 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium.

Two-year study in ratsGroups of 50 males and 50 females were exposed to methyl isobutyl ketone at concentrations of 0, 450, 900, or 1,800 ppm by inhalation, 6 hours plus T90 (12 minutes) per day, 5 days per week for 104 weeks. Survival of males exposed to 1,800 ppm was significantly less than that of the chamber controls. The mean body weights of the 900 and 1,800 ppm males were less than those of the chamber controls after weeks 97 and 89, respectively.

In the standard evaluation of the kidney, there were slightly increased incidences of renal tubule adenoma and renal tubule adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in males exposed to 900 or 1,800 ppm, and renal tubule carcinoma in males exposed to 1,800 ppm. The incidences of renal tubule hyperplasia were also significantly increased in the 450 and 1,800 ppm males, and the severities were greater than in the chamber controls. Chronic nephropathy occurred in all males exposed to 1,800 ppm and in 70% to 88% of exposed females, and the severity was increased in 1,800 ppm males. The incidences of transitional epithelial hyperplasia of the renal pelvis in males exposed to 900 or 1,800 ppm and mineralization of the renal papilla in all groups of exposed males were significantly increased. In addition, two female rats exposed to 1,800 ppm had renal mesenchymal tumors. In the extended evaluation of the kidney, renal tubule adenomas and renal tubule hyperplasia occurred in all groups of exposed male rats. In the combined single and step section analysis, the incidences of renal tubule adenoma and renal tubule adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were significantly increased in males exposed to 1,800 ppm. The incidences of renal tubule hyperplasia were also significantly increased in all exposed groups of males.

There was a positive trend in the incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia in males, and the incidence in the 1,800 ppm group was significantly increased. The incidence of adrenal medulla hyperplasia in the 1,800 ppm males was significantly increased.

Two-year study in miceGroups of 50 males and 50 females were exposed to methyl isobutyl ketone at concentrations of 0, 450, 900, or 1,800 ppm by inhalation, 6 hours plus T90 (12 minutes) per day, 5 days per week for 105 weeks. Survival of males and females was similar to that of the chamber controls. The mean body weights of females exposed to 1,800 ppm were less than those of the chamber controls after week 17.

The incidences of hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were significantly increased in males and females exposed to 1,800 ppm. The incidences of eosinophilic foci were significantly increased in 450 and 1,800 ppm females.

Genetic toxicologyMethyl isobutyl ketone was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, or TA1535 when tested with and without hamster or rat liver metabolic activation enzymes.

ConclusionsUnder the conditions of these 2-year studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of methyl isobutyl ketone in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms. Increased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia in 1,800 ppm male F344/N rats may have been related to methyl isobutyl ketone exposure. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of methyl isobutyl ketone in female F344/N rats based on the occurrence of renal mesenchymal tumors in the 1,800 ppm group. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of methyl isobutyl ketone in male and female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of liver neoplasms.

Exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone resulted in nonneoplastic lesions of the kidney characteristic of α2u-globulin accumulation in male rats and nephropathy in female rats.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Weakness.

Dry skin. Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane; headache, narcosis, coma; dermatitis; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

EC50; Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (/Green/ algae); Concentration: 400 mg/ for 96 hr; Effect: growth rate

LD50; Species: Angelaius phoeniceus (Redwinged blackbird) oral 100 mg/kg

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish); Conditions: static; Concentration: 450 mg/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) weight 0.12 g; Conditions: flow through bioassay, water hardness 45.5 mg/L CaCO3, temp: 25 +/- 1 °C, pH 7.5, dissolved oxygen greater than 60% of saturation; Concentration: 505 mg/L for 96 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Aquatic invertebrates are less sensitive than fish to the toxicity of MIBK. ...The toxicity of MIBK was also measured in the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda, in which the 8-day threshold for toxicity was 725 mg/L, and in the relatively more sensitive cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa, in which the toxicity threshold was 136 mg/L.

3.30e+04

1.40e+05

3.10e+03

1.30e+04

6.30e+03

4.00e+01

1.40e+00

3.00e+00

Volatile

3.36e+03

9.90e+04

4.20e+05

9.40e+03

3.90e+04

1.90e+04

Methyl isobutyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, paints, varnishes, and lacquers, denaturant agent for rubbing alcohol, in the manufacture of methyl amyl alcohol and in dry-cleaning preparations may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an extracting agent for the production of antibiotics and for the removal of paraffins from mineral oil for the production of lubricating oils may also result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Methyl isobutyl ketone has been reported found in camphor, elderberry, ginger and Chinese quince. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 19.9 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates methyl isobutyl ketone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl isobutyl ketone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 30 hours. Methyl isobutyl ketone absorbs UV at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, methyl isobutyl ketone is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 70. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Methyl isobutyl ketone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 84% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, methyl isobutyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 hours and 6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl isobutyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methyl isobutyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing methyl isobutyl ketone. (SRC)

Methyl isobutyl ketone has been reported found in camphor, elderberry, ginger(1) and Chinese quince(2).

Methyl isobutyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for gums, resins, nitrocellulose, paints, varnishes, and lacquers, denaturant agent for rubbing alcohol, in the manufacture of methyl amyl alcohol and in dry-cleaning preparations(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as an extracting agent for the production of antibiotics and for the removal of paraffins from mineral oil for the production of lubricating oils(1) may also result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Methyl isobutyl ketone has been approved for use as a component of synthetic flavoring substances and as a component of adhesives and resins that are used in packaging, transporting, or holding food(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 70(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methyl isobutyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl isobutyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 19.9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19,000 mg/L(5). Methyl isobutyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). An 84% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 70(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methyl isobutyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 19.9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19,000 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 9 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). An 84% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl isobutyl ketone, which has a vapor pressure of 19.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl isobutyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 30(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Methyl isobutyl ketone absorbs UV at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: The theoretical BOD of methyl isobutyl ketone (5 ppm) in seawater was measured as 27.6% and 30.6% over a 5 day incubation period(1). The theoretical BOD of methyl isobutyl ketone in freshwaters seeded with settled domestic sewage was 56%, 66%, 69% and 69%, over 5, 10, 15 and 20 day incubation periods(2). The theoretical BOD of methyl isobutyl ketone in synthetic seeded seawaters with settled domestic sewage was 15%, 46%, 50% and 53%, over 5, 10, 15 and 20 day incubation periods(2). Methyl isobutyl ketone, present at 100 mg/L, reached 84% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(3). Methyl isobutyl ketone was degraded 78-84% with a degradation rate of 0.24 1/hr in experiments using activated sludge inoculum, 100 mg/L of methyl isobutyl ketone, 30 mg/L biomass and a temperature of 28 °C for 28 days(4). Methyl isobutyl ketone had influent concentrations of 8100, 8100 and 190 ug/L and effluent concentrations of 27.5, 40.5 and <10 ug/L using an activated sludge with a daily mass loading of COD/bacterial mass ratios of 0.1, 0.36 and 0.48, respectively(5). Methyl isobutyl ketone was degraded from 855 ug/L to 143 ug/L in 12 hours and from 3385 ug/L to 1098 ug/L in 8 hours using activated sludge that was acclimated for 3 weeks(6). In a wastewater stream, a BOD of 2.06 g of oxygen/g and a COD of 2.16 g of oxygen/g for methyl isobutyl ketone were found(7).

ANAEROBIC: The theoretical methane recovery of methyl isobutyl ketone in an anaerobic aquifer was 46% over a 3 week incubation period(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl isobutyl ketone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.30X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 30 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). The photochemical degradation products of methyl isobutyl ketone with hydroxyl radicals are acetone and 2-methylpropanal(2). Methyl isobutyl ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Methyl isobutyl ketone in cyclohexane exhibits strong absorption of UV light >290 nm(4), and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for methyl isobutyl ketone(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.31(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of methyl isobutyl ketone is estimated as 70(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.31(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that methyl isobutyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for methyl isobutyl ketone is estimated as 1.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 19.9 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 19,000 mg/L (2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that methyl isobutyl ketone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 9 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). Methyl isobutyl ketone's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of methyl isobutyl ketone from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: In a 1991 survey of Suprfund sites in the United States, methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in Biscayne Aquifer sites, Florida. The maximum groundwater concentration was reported at 90 ug/L(1).

DRINKING WATER: Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in 4 out of 14 drinking water supplies sampled in England(1) and in drinking water in the Netherlands(2).

SURFACE WATER: Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in Cuyahoga River(1) and in 1 out of 204 samples of surface water collected near heavily industrialized areas across the US(2). Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in 1 out of 17 samples of Delaware River water(3). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at mean concentrations of 57.1 ug/L (range, 2.8-332 ug/L) and 1.2 ug/L (range, 0.01-5.60 ug/L) in the Adige River, Italy(4). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at a concentration of less than 10 ug/L in the Potomac River(5). Dutch surface water samples taken from 1992 to 1997 had average concentrations of <0.1, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.3 ug/L for the Rhine, Meuse, Northern Delta area, and Westerscheldt, respectively(6).

Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at a concentration of 10 ug/L near a waste disposal facility in Kansas(1). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at a concentration of 62,000 ug/L in the vicinity of a coal strip-mine in Ohio(2). Methyl isobutyl ketone was not detected in 214 ground water samples taken from 30 industrial sites in Taiwan(3). For samples collected from 1981 to 1986, methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in 0.8%, 23.1%, 1.4%, 1.3% and 5.9% of the hazardous waste site groundwater samples in EPA regions 1, 2, 4, 5 and 8, respectively(4). Methyl isobutyl ketone was not analyzed in EPA region 7, and was not detected in regions 3, 6, 9 and 10(4).

Leachate collected from the Southington, CT municipal landfill contained methyl isobutyl ketone at a concentration of 172-263 ug/L(1). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in leachate from Granby, CT municipal landfill at a concentration of 25-150 ppb(2). Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in leachate from Maxy Flats, KY low-level radioactive waste disposal site(3). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the effluent from a pharmaceutical plant at a concentration of 0.4-0.8 kg/cu m(4). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the effluent from a solid waste composting plant at concentrations of 43 ug/cu m (field), 28 ug/cu m (tipping area), 1,500 ug/cu m (shredder), 62 ug/cu m (indoor air), 900 ug/cu m (fresh compost), 1,100 ug/cu m (middle age compost), 830 ug/cu m (old compost) and 60 ug/cu m (curing region)(5). Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected at a concentration of 190 ug/L in formation water discharged from an offshore (Shell Oil) production operation in the Gulf of Mexico(6). Methyl isobutyl ketone has been identified in the final effluent from at least one plant in each of the following industries: printing and publishing, coal mining, electronic, and organic chemicals(7) and has been found in gasoline engine exhaust(8). Methyl isobutyl ketone was found at concentrations of 4, 74 and 450 mg/L in landfill leachate from three sites in Germany(9). During 1979 methyl isobutyl ketone was found in waste material from pharmaceutical production, which was later disposed of by discharge into the ocean at a dumpsite north of Puerto Rico(10). Methyl isobutyl ketone was identified in water from drum storage area in the "Valley of the Drums" hazardous waste site near Louisville, KY, concentration range 880-1600 ug/L(11).

Methyl isobutyl ketone was found in highway tunnels in Tuscarora; light duty trucks emitted 0.014 mg/km traveled or 0.211 mg/L fuel used, heavy duty trucks emitted 0.079 mg/km traveled or 0.248 mg/L fuel used(1). Emission factors for light-duty vehicles were 0.88, 0.45 and 0.62 mg/kg in 1999, 2001 and 2006, respectively(2). The emission factor for moderate/heavy duty diesel trucks was 2.3 mg/kg in 2006. Measurements were taken in the Caldecott Tunnel, San Francisco Bay area on CA Hwy 24(2).

SOIL: Methyl isobutyl ketone was detected in the soil of a Michigan waste disposal facility at a concentration of 4 ug/kg(1). Methyl isobutyl ketone was found in 0.6% of 705 soil samples taken from 30 industrial sites in Taiwan(2).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U161 and F003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Product: Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 127 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Miscible)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 127 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Miscible)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 127 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Miscible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 127 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Miscible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Methyl isobutyl ketone (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1245; Methyl isobutyl ketone

IMO 3; Methyl isobutyl ketone

49 092 45; Methyl isobutyl ketone (flammable liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Methyl isobutyl ketone is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Methyl isobutyl ketone is included on the dangerous goods list.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Flammable Liquid

Airtight.

Symbol: F, Xn; R: 11-20-36/37-66; S: (2)-9-16-29; Note: 6

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II