4-Methyl-2-Pentanol

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H319 (70.7%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1520 reports by companies from 37 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Methyl isobutyl carbinol:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

ALCOHOL FOAM.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof if in building. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

20.0 [ppm]

25 ppm (100 mg/m³)

40 ppm (165 mg/m³)

TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m3) ST 40 ppm (165 mg/m3) [skin]

25.0 [ppm]

TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G

400 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

400.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Eye irritation has occurred after exposures to 50 ppm for 15 minutes [Silverman et al. 1946].

See: 108112

40.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 25 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 40 ppm, skin. /Methyl isobutyl carbinol/

20 ppm as TWA; 40 ppm as STEL.

20 ppm (83 mg/m³) [2020]

40 ppm (167 mg/m³) [2020]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Exposure could cause lowering of consciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Methyl isobutyl carbinol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Methyl isobutyl carbinol appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 120 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

Liquid; CBI

Colorless liquid with a mild odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

Colorless liquid with a mild odor.

COLORLESS LIQ

Colorless liquid.

Mild odor.

269.2 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

133 °C @ 760 MM HG

less than -130 °F (USCG, 1999)

106 °F (USCG, 1999)

105 °F (OPEN CUP)

2 % (NIOSH, 2024)

SOL IN ALC & ETHER.

MISCIBLE WITH MOST COMMON ORG SOLVENTS.

Water solubility of 1.64X10+4 mg/kg (experimental).

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 2

0.807 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8075 @ 20 °C/4 °C

% IN SATURATED AIR: 0.46 @ 20 °C; DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.01 (AIR= 1)

Relative density (water = 1): 0.82

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5

3 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

2.8 [mmHg]

2.8 MM HG @ 20 °C

log Kow= 1.43

STABLE LIQ

Odor Threshold Low: 0.01 [ppm]

Odor Threshold High: 1.0 [ppm]

Odor threshold from "Quick Guide: The Electronic NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards"

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4100 @ 20 °C/D

WT/GAL 6.72 LB @ 20 °C; SETS TO A GLASS BELOW -90 °C

CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 PPM= 4.17 MG/CU M; 1 MG/L= 239.3 PPM

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

EU Flavoring substances

Fragrance Ingredient (4-Methyl-2-pentanol) -> IFRA transparency List

Solvents -> Alcohols (<C12)

Flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

METHYL ISOBUTYL CARBINOL is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

This compound is incompatible with strong oxidizers (NIOSH, 2024).

Strong oxidizers.

Strong oxidizers

4-Methyl-2-pentanol

B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)

1 samples had 20-30 ppm peroxide; age &gt;1 yrs

4-Methyl-2-pentanol

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and through the skin.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Unconsciousness.

Dry skin. Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin; headache, drowsiness; dermatitis; In Animals: narcosis

Eyes, skin, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

4-Methyl-2-Pentanol

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

LCLo (rat) = 2,000 ppm/4H

LD50 Rat oral 2.6 g/kg

LD50 Rabbit /dermal/ 3.56 ml/kg/24 hr

THE LIQ MAY BE VERY SLIGHTLY IRRITATING TO SKIN & IS SLIGHTLY TOXIC WHEN INGESTED.

... EYE IRRITATION WAS PRODUCED @ 50 PPM, ALTHOUGH ODOR WAS NOT OBJECTIONABLE @ THIS LEVEL.

SKIN CONTACT FOR 24 HR RESULTED IN LD50 3.56 ML/KG FOR RABBIT ... SKIN IRRITATION WAS MINIMAL, HOWEVER.

... BY APPLICATION OF A DROP TO RABBIT EYES ... FOUND TO CAUSE INJURY OF PRESUMABLY TRANSIENT TYPE, GRADED 5 ON A SCALE OF 1-10 AFTER 24 HR. /THE MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10/

RATS INHALING 2000 PPM FOR 8 HR: 5 OF 6 DIED. SATURATED VAPOR FOR 2 HR: NO DEATHS. /FROM TABLE/

Methyl isobutyl ketone has recently been shown to potentiate and cholestasis induced by manganese bilirubin or manganese in rats. The effect of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone, two major metabolites of methyl isobutyl ketone on these models of cholestasis /was examined/. Dosages varying from 1.88 to 15 mmol/kg 4-methyl-2-pentanol or 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone were administered once, 18 hr prior to the administration of a cholestatic manganese bilirubin combination. The cholestatic effect of the manganese bilirubin combination was enhanced with dosages of 4-methyl-2-pentanol of 3.75 mmol/kg and larger. Daily pretreatment for 3 days resulted in an increased response to the cholestatic challenges of either mangenese bilirubin or manganese alone. 4-Methyl-2-pentanol administered repetitively was a better potentiator than 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone with the manganese bilirubin model of cholestasis. However, with manganese alone, 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone proved to be more effective. 4-Methyl-2-pentanol and 4-hydroxymethyl isobutyl ketone per se were devoid of cholestatic properties, since the bile flow measured prior to the cholestatic challenge was not decreased and in some cases was significantly greater than that of vehicle-pretreated animals. These results show that methyl isobutyl ketone metabolites can potentiate the cholestatic form of hepatotoxicity.

LD50 Goldfish 360 mg/l/24 hr (modified ASTM D 1345)

5.40e+04

2.30e+05

3.10e+03

1.30e+04

6.30e+03

4.00e+01

1.40e+00

3.00e+00

Volatile

2.45e+03

1.60e+05

6.80e+05

9.40e+03

3.90e+04

1.90e+04

LD50 Goldfish 360 mg/l/24 hr (modified ASTM D 1345)

5.40e+04

2.30e+05

3.10e+03

1.30e+04

6.30e+03

4.00e+01

1.40e+00

3.00e+00

Volatile

2.45e+03

1.60e+05

6.80e+05

9.40e+03

3.90e+04

1.90e+04

4-Methyl-2-pentanol may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as a solvent and its use in organic synthesis and brake fluids. It may be formed naturally as it has been found in the volatiles from mountain Beaufort cheese. If released to soil, it will be expected to exhibit high to very high mobility in soil based upon an estimated Koc; it may, therefore, leach through soil to groundwater. It will not hydrolyze in moist soil, but it may be subject to volatilization from near surface soil based upon estimated rates for its volatilization from water. It may be subject to biodegradation in soil based upon the rapid biodegradation observed in laboratory aqueous screening tests using sewage and activated sludge inoculums. If released to water, it will not be expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended particulate matter or to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms based upon estimated Koc and BCF. It will not be expected to hydrolyze or directly photolyze. It may be subject to biodegradation in natural waters based upon the rapid biodegradation observed in laboratory aqueous screening tests using sewage and activated sludge inoculum. It will be subject to volatilization from surface waters based upon half-lives of 23 hr for volatilization from a model river one meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec and 10.6 days for volatilization from a model pond. If released to the atmosphere, it can be expected to exist mainly in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere based upon its vapor pressure. The estimated half-life for the reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm, based upon a measured rate constant. 4-Methyl-2-pentanol has been rated a moderately reactive compound with respect to ozone formations as observed in smog chamber tests. It will not be expected to directly photolyze in the atmosphere. Any general population exposure occurs mainly through the oral ingestion of contaminated drinking water and foods, such as certain cheeses, and through the inhalation of contaminated ambient air. Minor exposure may occur through dermal contact with contaminated water. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation of contaminated air and dermal contact with solutions containing the compound. (SRC)

4-Methyl-2-pentanol was qualitatively detected in the mixture of volatiles from mountain Beaufort cheese(1) which indicates that the compound may be formed naturally(SRC).

4-Methyl-2-pentanol may be released to the environment as a result of its manufacture and use as a solvent for dyestuffs, oils, gums, resins, waxes, nitrocellulose and ethylcellulose; its use in organic synthesis, froth flotation; and its use in brake fluids(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If 4-methyl-2-pentanol is released to soil, it will be expected to exhibit high to very high mobility in soil(1,SRC) based upon estimated Koc of 143 and 21 estimated from log Kow(2) and water solubility(3), respectively, using a recommended regression equations(4,SRC). It may, therefore, leach through soil(SRC). It will not hydrolyze in moist soil(4), but it may be subject to volatilization from near surface soil based upon estimated rates for its volatilization from water(4-6). It may be subject to biodegradation in soil based upon the rapid biodegradation observed in laboratory aqueous screening tests using sewage and activated sludge inoculum(7,8).

AQUATIC FATE: If 4-methyl-2-pentanol is released to water, it will not be expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended particulate matter or to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms based upon estimated Koc and BCF, respectively, estimated(2,SRC) from the measured log Kow (1) and water solubility(3). It will not be expected to hydrolyze(2) or directly photolyze(4,SRC). It may be subject to biodegradation in natural waters based upon the rapid biodegradation observed in laboratory aqueous screening tests using sewage and activated sludge inoculum(5,6). It will be subject to volatilization from surface waters based upon half-lives of 23 hr for volatilization from a model river one meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec(2,SRC) and 10.6 days for volatilization from a model pond(7,SRC), respectively, estimated using a measured Henry's Law constant(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If 4-methyl-2-pentanol is released to the atmosphere, it can be expected to exist mainly in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(1,SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 5.3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC). The measured rate constant for vapor-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals of 7.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 2.3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). 4-Methyl-2-pentanol has been rated a moderately reactive (Class III) compound(4) with respect to ozone formation as observed in smog chamber tests(5). 4-Methyl-2-pentanol will not be expected to directly photolyze in the atmosphere(6,SRC).

A percent theoretical BOD of 84% was observed after 5 days in screening tests using the standard dilution technique and effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant as inoculum(1). A percent theoretical BOD of 43% was observed after 5 days in screening tests using the standard dilution technique and acclimated sewage as inoculum(2). Tests using acclimated mixed microbial cultures as inoculum gave a percent theoretical BOD of 56% after 5 days(3). In screening tests using filtered, settled domestic wastewater as inoculum, the observed percent theoretical BOD of 50%, 72%, 90% and 94% were observed after 5, 10, 15, 20 days, respectively(4). In screening tests using activated sludge in a medium containing 100 ppm urea and approximately 16,000 ppm ethyl alcohol, the observed rate constant of disappearance of 4-methyl-2-pentanol was 0.432/hr which corresponds to a half-life of 17 hr(5). The results of these laboratory screening tests indicate that 4-methyl-2-pentanol is readily biodegradable under the conditions used in the experiments(SRC). No information regarding biodegradation in natural media was found(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-methyl-2-pentanol with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured to be 7.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1) which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 2.3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). 4-Methyl-2-pentanol was rated as a moderately reactive (Class III) compound(2) with respect to ozone formation as observed in smog chamber tests where the initial 4-methyl-2-pentanol concn was 1.5 ppm (by volume) and the initial NOx concn was 0.6 ppm(3). Because alcohols do not absorb light at wavelengths above 290 nm(4), 4-methyl-2-pentanol will not be expected to directly photolyze in the environment(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be a major pathway under normal environmental conditions because of the lack of hydrolysis functional groups (pH 5-9)(5).

Based upon an experimental log Kow of 1.43(1), a BCF of 7.2 has been estimated using a recommended regression equation(2). Based upon an experimental water solubility of 1.64X10+4 mg/kg(3), a BCF of 2.6 has been estimated using a recommended regression equation(2). Based upon these estimated BCF, 4-methyl-2-pentanol will not be expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC).

Based upon an experimental log Kow of 1.43(1), a Koc of 143 has been estimated using a recommended regression equation(2). Based upon an experimental water solubility of 1.64X10+4 mg/kg(3), a Koc of 21 has been estimated using a recommended regression equation(2). Based upon these estimated Koc, 4-methyl-2-pentanol will be expected to exhibit high to very high mobility in soil(4). 4-Methyl-2-pentanol, therefore, may leach through soil to groundwater if it does not volatilize or biodegrade first(SRC).

The half-life for volatilization of 4-methyl-2-pentanol from a river one meter deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec is estimated to be 23 hr at 25 °C(1,SRC) based upon an experimental Henry's Law constant of 4.45X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(2). The volatilization half-life from a model pond, which considers the effect of adsorption, has been estimated to be 10.6 days(3,SRC).

DRINKING WATER: 4-Methyl-2-pentanol was qualitatively detected in 4 of 15 samples drinking water concentrate derived from large volume (>400 gallons) samples from 4 of 7 cities (Poplarville, MS, March 1979; Cincinnati, OH, Oct 1978; Philadelphia, PA, Feb 1976; Ottumwa, IA, Sept 1976)(1).

4-Methyl-2-pentanol was detected at a concn of 136 ppb in a sample of influent water from an unspecified municipal wastewater treatment plant(1). It was not indicated whether the compound was detected in final effluent from the plant(1). It was detected at a concn of 45 ppb in effluent samples taken from the Los Angeles County wastewater treatment plant discharge, Palos Verdes, CA between Nov 1980 and Aug 1981(2). A concn of 140 ppm was found in samples of leachate or samples of groundwater plume taken at an unspecified industrial landfill at an unspecified time(3). 4-Methyl-2-pentanol was qualitatively detected in 4 of 16 samples of concentrate derived from large volume (>400 gallons) samples of advanced treatment concentrate from 4 of 6 cities (Lake Tahoe, CA, Oct 1974; Pomona, CA, 1975; Orange County, CA, Feb 1976; Blue Plains, Washington, DC, May 1975)(4).

4-Methyl-2-pentanol was not detected (detection limit 0.5 ug/kg, dry weight basis) in two samples of marine sediment taken 6 km from the Los Angeles County wastewater treatment plant discharge, Palos Verdes, CA between Nov 1980 and Aug 1981(1).

4-Methyl-2-pentanol was qualitatively detected in ambient air samples taken Nov 20, 1979 at the BFI Landfill in New Jersey(1). It was detected in ambient air during an air pollution peak at concn ranging from 0.9 to 7.0 ppb; date and location not specified(2).

4-Methyl-2-pentanol was qualitatively detected in the mixture of volatiles from mountain Beaufort cheese(1).

4-Methyl-2-pentanol was not detected (detection limit 0.3 ug/kg, dry weight basis) in tissue samples from aquatic organisms taken 6 km from the Los Angeles County wastewater treatment plant discharge, Palos Verdes, CA between Nov 1980 and Aug 1981(1). Samples analyzed included one sample each of liver tissue from Pacific Sanddab (Citharichthys xanthostigma), scorpion fish (Scrorpaena guttata), Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus); muscle tissue from ridgeback prawn (Sicyonia ingentis); and a whole red pointer crab (Mursia guadichaudii)(1).

General population exposure to 4-methyl-2-pentanol occurs mainly through the oral ingestion of contaminated drinking water(1) and foods, such as certain cheeses(2), and through the inhalation of contaminated ambient air(3). Minor exposure may occur through dermal contact with contaminated water(SRC). Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation of contaminated air and dermal contact with solutions containing the compound(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estmated that 25,135 workers are potentially exposed to 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the USA(1).

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 4-METHYL-2-PENTANOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2053; 4-Methyl-2-pentan-2-ol

IMO 3.3; 4-Methyl-2-pentan-2-ol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xi; R: 10-37; S: (2)-24/25

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III