Diisopropyl Ether

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (1 of 265) of reports.

H225 (99.6%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H336 (98.9%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H412 (28.7%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 265 reports by companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 265 reports by companies.

There are 21 notifications provided by 264 of 265 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Isopropyl ether:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, AFFF, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Alcohol foam, CO2, foam, dry chemical.

VAPORS ARE HEAVIER THAN AIR & MAY TRAVEL TO A SOURCE OF IGNITION & FLASH BACK. LIQUID FLOATS ON WATER & MAY TRAVEL TO A SOURCE OF IGNITION & SPREAD FIRE. ETHER TENDS TO FORM UNSTABLE, EXPLOSIVE PEROXIDES ON STANDING.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable metal containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Isopropylether may be disposed of by atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

Isopropyl ether is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for isopropyl ether: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL ETHER (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

TEST ALL ISOPROPYL ETHER FOR PEROXIDES BEFORE USING & DESTROY PEROXIDES WITH SODIUM SULFITE SOLN.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Cool. Keep in the dark. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store only if stabilized.

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids & oxidizing materials.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

200.0 [ppm]

310 [ppm]

1700 [ppm]

10000 [ppm]

500 ppm (2100 mg/m³)

TWA 500 ppm (2100 mg/m3)

500.0 [ppm]

1400 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. (NIOSH, 2024)

1400.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Volunteers exposed to 800 ppm for 5 minutes reported irritation of the eyes and nose [Silverman et al. 1946].

1400 ppm [Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.]

1400 ppm

1400 ppm [10%LEL]

See: 108203

250.0 [ppm]

310.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 250 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 310 ppm.

250 ppm as TWA; 310 ppm as STEL.

250 ppm [1979]

310 ppm [1979]

850 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.

CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness.

Diisopropyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ethereal odor. Flash point -18 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

Liquid; Gas Vapor

Colorless liquid with a sharp, sweet, ether-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a sharp, sweet, ether-like odor.

Colorless volatile liquid

Colorless liquid.

Colorless liquid

Sweet, slightly sharp, pungent like camphor and ethyl ether

The odor is more irritating and less pleasant than that of ethyl ether.

Sharp, sweet, ether-like odor.

Ether-like odor

156 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

68.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-123 °F (USCG, 1999)

-86.8 °C

-18 °F (USCG, 1999)

-18 °F (-28 °C) (closed cup)

0.2 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Sol of commercial grade in water, 1.71% @ 19 °C; miscible with most organic solvents.

Sol in acetone; miscible in ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether

MISCIBLE WITH MOST ORG SOLVENTS

Water solubility = 8,800 mg/l @ 20 °C

Soluble in oxygenated solvents

Solubility in water: poor

0.724 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7258 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Bulk density: 6.05 lb/gal @ 15.5 °C; similar to ethyl ether in properties but does tend to form peroxides more readily than ethyl ether

Relative density (water = 1): 0.7

0.719 @25 °C

3.5 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5

119 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

149.0 [mmHg]

149 mm Hg @ 25 °C /from experimentally derived coefficients/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 15.9

119 mmHg

150 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow= 1.52

Keeping ethers from becoming anhydrous plus the addition of antioxidants will help reduce this explosion hazard.

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. Form explosive peroxide in storage. A flask of diisopropyl ether was heated on a steam bath with gentle shaking when an explosion occurred. In a second instance, an explosion occurred after practically all the ether had been distilled, [MCA Guide for Safety(1972)].

Highly Flammable

Peroxidizable Compound

Ethers, such as DIISOPROPYL ETHER, can act as bases. They form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. The complex between diethyl ether and boron trifluoride is an example. Ethers may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. In other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond, ethers are relatively inert. Mixing diisopropyl ether in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, [NFPA 1991].

Mixing diisopropyl ether and chlorosulfonic acid in a closed container caused the temp and pressure to incr. Mixing diisopropyl ether and 70% nitric acid in a closed container caused the temp and pressure to increase.

The short alkyl-chain ether hydroperoxides ... are dangerous and ... all ethers should be tested and separated from peroxidic products before distillation or evaporation. /Short alkyl-chain ethers/

Isopropyl ether autooxidizes to form peroxides and hydroperoxides at 20 °C with UV radiation or in the presence of a photosensitizer, eg, benzophenone

Mixtures of propionyl chloride with diisopropyl ether are very unstable. The exothermic reaction giving isopropyl propionate and isopropyl chloride can proceed spontaneously. This reaction is catalyzed by low concn of zinc tetrachloride (4 ppm) or somewhat less effectively by iron trichloride (40 ppm). In this way pressure may build up in closed vessels and explode. Premixing of ethers and acid chlorides should be avoided.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL ETHER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers, acids [Note: Unstable peroxides may form on long contact with air.]

Isopropyl ether

A: Compounds that form explosive levels of peroxides without concentration

Large amounts of peroxides found in new commerically available containers

> 2 ppm after 5 days, > 600 ppm after 30 days

A long history of very violent explosions, including fatal incidents when bottles were opened. See Bretherick's for individual accounts.

Anon., Chem. Eng. News, 1942, 20, 1458

Douglass, I. B., J. Chem. Educ., 1963, 40, 469

Rieche, A. et al., Ber., 1942, 75, 1016

Hamstead, A. C. et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data., 1960, 5, 583; Ind. Eng. Chem., 1961, 53(2), 63A

Walton, G. C., CHAS Notes, 1988, 6, 3

Demer, F. R., University of Arizona Lab. Safety Notes, 1992, winter

Diisopropylether

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Diisopropyl ether

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 138

In prep.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Drowsiness. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness.

Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose; resp discomfort; dermatitis; In Animals: drowsiness, dizziness, unconsciousness, narcosis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Diisopropyl Ether

7 x 10^-1 mg/m^3

PDF Document

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 162,000 mg/m3

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Ethers and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: To keep open, "minimal flow rate"/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethers and related compounds/

Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions /chronic respiratory disease or skin disease/ which might place the employee at increased risk from isopropylether exposure. In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of isopropylether might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. Isopropylether is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure. Persons with existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. Any employee developing the above-listed conditions should be referred for further medical examination. /Chronic respiratory disease or skin disease/

Toxic symptoms similar to ethyl ether.

MILDLY IRRITATING TO SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES. INHALATION OF HIGH CONCENTRATIONS CAUSES /CNS DEPRESSION/, UNCONSCIOUSNESS. DEATH MAY OCCUR DUE TO RESP PARALYSIS. /ETHYL ETHER/

Isopropyl ether has an anesthetic action very much like ethyl ether, but is somewhat more toxic.

Human exposure to 500 ppm over a 15 min period caused no irritation, but irritation of the eyes and nose was noted at 800 ppm for 5 min with some respiratory discomfort. Industrial exposure has caused but few cases of death or serious injury. Repeated skin contact would be expected to cause dermatitis.

... a group of subjects exposed for 15 minutes at 500 ppm did not consider the exposure to be irritating. At a concentration of 300 ppm, however, about one-third of the subjects objected to the unpleasant odor, while at 800 ppm for five minutes most subjects reported irritation of the eyes and nose.

... MONKEY, RABBIT, & GUINEA PIG /WERE REPEATEDLY EXPOSED/ TO A VAPOR CONCN OF 6.0% OF ISOPROPYL ETHER IN AIR. ALL DIED DUE TO RESPIRATORY FAILURE. ... ANIMALS EXPOSED TO VAPOR CONCN OF 1% FOR 1 HR DAILY ... /EXHIBITED/ SIGNS OF INTOXICATION & DEPRESSION, REVEALED NO SIGNIFICANT WT OR BLOOD CHANGES DURING OR AFTER 20 EXPOSURES. AT 0.3% FOR 2 HR & 0.1% FOR 3 HR DAILY, THERE WERE NO DELETERIOUS EFFECT NOTED DURING OR AFTER 20 EXPOSURES.

... RABBITS ... /WERE ADMIN A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF ISOPROPYL ETHER/ (5-6.5 G/KG). RAPID, INTENSE INTOXICATION WAS PRODUCED. DEATH WAS DUE TO RESP FAILURE CAUSED BY DEPRESSANT ACTION. SINGLE EXPOSURES /ON RABBIT SKIN/ TO LIQ FOR ONE HR PRODUCED NO DELETERIOUS EFFECT. ... REPEATED EXPOSURE FOR 10 DAYS CAUSED DERMATITIS.

ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS HAVE SHOWN ... THOSE SURVIVING FOR SOME WEEKS AFTER EXPOSURE HAVE SHOWN SEVERE TOXIC CHANGES IN LIVER.

AFTER 20-30 DAYS OF EXPOSURE OF RABBITS TO DIISOPROPYL ETHER VAPORS @ 7.5 ML/L/1.5 HR DAILY PERIVASCULAR & PERICELLULAR EDEMAS WERE FOUND IN THE BRAIN. LEVEL OF ASCORBIC ACID IN NEURONS OF CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC NODES WAS DECR.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL ETHER (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 91.7 mg/l 96 hr flow-through bioassay, wt 0.12 g, water hardness 45.5 mg/l CaCO3, temp: 25 + or - 1 °C, pH 7.5, dissolved oxygen greater than 60% of saturation

2.20e+03

9.40e+03

7.30e+02

3.10e+03

1.50e+03

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 91.7 mg/l 96 hr flow-through bioassay, wt 0.12 g, water hardness 45.5 mg/l CaCO3, temp: 25 + or - 1 °C, pH 7.5, dissolved oxygen greater than 60% of saturation

2.20e+03

9.40e+03

7.30e+02

3.10e+03

1.50e+03

5.00e+00

3.70e-01

7.00e-01

Volatile

2.26e+03

6.70e+03

2.80e+04

9.20e+03

4.40e+03

Isopropyl ether's production and use as an extraction agent and as a solvent in paints/stain removers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 149 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isopropyl ether will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isopropyl ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 hours. The vapor phase reactions of isopropyl ether with nitrate radicals corresponds to a half-life of 9 seconds. Direct photolysis will not be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm. If released to soil, isopropyl ether is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 160. It may be resistant to biodegradation in environmental media based upon screening test data from studies using activated sludge or sewage inocula. Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces may be important given the vapor pressure of this compound. If released into water, isopropyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based on the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based on its estimated Henry's Law constant. The volatilization half-life from a model river and a model lake is estimated as approximately 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 8 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Isopropyl ether is not expected to hydrolyze in the environment due to lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. The most probable routes of general population exposure to isopropyl ether are via handling of paints and stain removers, inhalation of contaminated air and ingestion of contaminated drinking water. Exposure through dermal contact may occur in occupational settings. Inhalation and dermal exposure will be expected to be highest in workplaces where isopropyl ether is made and used. (SRC)

Isopropyl ether's production and use as an extraction agent and as a solvent in paints/stain removers(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 160(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.52(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that isopropyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isopropyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be important(3,SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its water solubility(4) and vapor pressure(5). The potential for volatilization of isopropyl ether from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 149 mm Hg(5). Isopropyl ether is not expected to hydrolyze in soil due to lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). Aqueous screening test data from studies using activated sludge or sewage inocula(6,7) suggest that isopropyl ether may be resistant to biodegradation in environmental media(SRC). Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 160(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.52(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that isopropyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Isopropyl ether is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its water solubility(4) and vapor pressure(5). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(3,SRC). Isopropyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). Isopropyl ether will not significantly photooxidize via reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the water(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 8(3,SRC), from isopropyl ether's log Kow(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Isopropyl ether may be resistant to biodegradation in environmental media based upon screening test data from studies using activated sludge or sewage inocula(8,9,SRC). Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isopropyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 149 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isopropyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 hours(3,SRC). The half-life for the reaction of isopropyl ether with nitrate radicals is estimated as 9 seconds(4,SRC). Direct photolysis will not be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(5).

No data concerning the biodegradation of isopropyl ether in environmental media were located. An activated sludge aqueous screening study found that the compound was biodegraded slowly after a 15 day lag period with a 25% theoretical biological oxygen demand being measured after 25 days incubation(1). A screening test study utilizing a sewage inoculum also indicated slow biodegradation as indicated by the 7% theoretical biological oxygen demand which was measured after 5 days(2). These screening test results suggest that isopropyl ether may be resistent to biodegradation in the environment(SRC). Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation(3).

The rate constant for the vapor phase reactions of isopropyl ether with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured to be 1.85X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1) which corresponds to a half-life of 21 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm (SRC). The rate constant for the vapor phase reactions of isopropyl ether with night-time nitrate has been determined to be 5.18X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2), which corresponds to a half-life of 9 seconds at an atmospheric concn of 2X10+13 nitrate molecules per cu cm(SRC). Reaction of isopropyl ether with photochemically produced alkoxy radicals in water is not expected to be an important fate process(3). Direct photolysis will not be an important removal process since aliphatic ethers do not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(4). Isopropyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(5).

An estimated BCF of 8 was calculated for isopropyl ether(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.52(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of isopropyl ether is estimated as approximately 160(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.52(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that isopropyl ether is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for isopropyl ether is estimated as 2.3X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 149 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 8,800 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isopropyl ether is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is approximately 3 hours(3,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is approximately 4 days(3,SRC). Isopropyl ether's Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicates that rapid volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of isopropyl ether from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on a vapor pressure of 149 mm Hg(1).

Isopropyl ether was detected in 1 of 14 samples of treated drinking water in England in 1978 and 1979; the drinking water with isopropyl ether was derived from river water(1).

GROUNDWATER: Isopropyl ether has been found in groundwater in the U.S. from unspecified sites at a concn range of 20-34 ppb(1). Isopropyl ether has been detected at concn up to 160 ppb in the Old Bridge aquifer under an industrial plant in South Brunswick Township, NJ (no sampling dates specified)(2). A contamination abatement system installed at this aquifer, including 7 extraction wells and a water treatment facility, reduced the isopropyl ether concn by an estimated 92%(2). It was detected at concn ranging from 13-128 ug/L in 12 of 12 samples of groundwater taken from between March 1985 and Feb 1986 from an aquifer near Dijon, France which was contaminated by a nearby industrial area(3). Isopropyl ether was detected in groundwater collected from wellfields across the Netherlands, concn unknown(4).

SURFACE WATER: Isopropyl ether has been found in the following Lake Michigan basin locations: Chicago Sanitary and Ship Channel, 1 ug/L(1). Isopropyl ether was found at a concn of 1 ppb in samples of surface water from 2 of 204 sites near heavily industrialized areas across the U.S sampled between Aug 1975 and Sept 1976(2).

Isopropyl ether has been detected in 10 out of 63 samples of industrial effluents collected from a wide variety of industries across the USA (dates not reported)(1). Six of the positive samples contained <10 ug/L isopropyl ether, 3 samples contained 10-100 ug/L and 1 sample contained >100 ug/L(1). Samples of landfill gas from an unspecified landfill which had for more than 15 months accepted municipal and industrial solid wastes and unspecified liquid wastes contained 220 mg/cu m isopropyl ether(2).

Isopropyl ether was identified, but not quantified, at 4 of 7 sites in the Kanawha Valley, WV, sampled in Sept 1977(1).

The most probable routes of general population exposure to ether are via handling of paints and stain removers, inhalation of contaminated air(2,SRC) and ingestion of contaminated drinking water(1,SRC). Exposure through dermal contact may occur in occupational settings(SRC). Inhalation and dermal exposure will be expected to be highest in workplaces where isopropyl ether is made and used(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,253 workers (1,126 of these are female) are exposed to isopropyl ether in the USA(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Isopropylether may be disposed of by atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

Isopropyl ether is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for isopropyl ether: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL ETHER (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL ETHER (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1159; Diisopropylether

IMO 3.1; Diisopropylether

49 081 95; Diisopropylether

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F; R: 11-19-66-67; S: (2)-9-16-29-33; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II