Isopropyl chloroformate

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (99.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314 (50%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H315 (50%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (18.8%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (68.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (90.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 208 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Isopropyl chloroformate is an irritant and is corrosive to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Some effects of exposure may be delayed up to 24 hours. Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Isopropyl Chloroformate Exposure: Acute exposure to isopropyl chloroformate may produce the following signs and symptoms: eye irritation, irritation of the upper respiratory tract, and surface burns. Eye irritation may persist after exposure ceases, and exposure may result in permanent corneal damage. Skin sensitization may occur after exposure. Inhalation of isopropyl chloroformate may result in irritation of the nose and throat, difficulty in breathing, pulmonary edema, destruction of lung tissue, collapse, and convulsions. Ingestion of isopropyl chloroformate may cause burns of the gastrointestinal tract.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to isopropyl chloroformate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to isopropyl chloroformate.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Rush to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to isopropyl chloroformate.

3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water or sodium bicarbonate solution for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Rush to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!

3. Rinse mouth with large amounts of water. Inform victims not to swallow this water.

4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.

7. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Keep unnecessary people away and isolate hazard area. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. For large fires, use water spray, fog or foam. Do not get water inside container. Cool containers exposed to flame with water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. (EPA, 1998)

Use carbon dioxide, dry powder, alcohol-resistant foam, dry sand. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 2407 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 60 m (200 ft)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.2 km (0.2 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.5 km (0.4 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.9 km (0.6 mi)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protectionequipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended. Absence of an AEGL-1 value does not imply that exposure below the AEGL-2 value is without adverse effects.

AEGLs Status: Final

0.27 [ppm]

3.0 [ppm]

9.1 [ppm]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: Insufficient data - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 5 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 20 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

AIR-SUPPLIED RESPIRATORS & FACILITIES FOR FLUSHING EYES & SKIN WITH WATER SHOULD BE PROVIDED. /Chloroformates/

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Isopropyl chloroformate appears as a clear colorless volatile liquid with a pungent irritating odor. About the same density as water and insoluble in water. Floats on water Very irritating to skin and eyes and very toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Used to make other chemicals.

Clear liquid with an irritating odor; [CAMEO] Reacts with water evolving hydrogen chloride; [ICSC]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

COLORLESS LIQ

220 °F at 761 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

104.6 °C @ 761 MM HG

104.6 °C

105 °C @760 [mm Hg]

60.1 °F (EPA, 1998)

20 °C c.c.

VERY SOL IN ETHER

Solubility in water: slow reaction

1.08 (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.078 (20 °C/4 °C)

Relative density (water = 1): 1.08

1.078 @25 °C

4.2 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.2 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.2

100 mm Hg @ 47 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 3

72 [mm Hg] @21 °C

0.65 cP @ 20 °C

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4013 @ 20 °C/D

5.00 MG/CU M= 1 PPM

Flash point: 27.8 °C (Tag open cup), 23.3 °C (Tag closed cup)

Flash point = 14 °C; Autoignition temp = 535 °C

Chloroformates are reactive intermediates that combine acid chloride, and ester functions. They undergo many reactions of acid chlorides, however, the rates are usually slower. Reactions of chloroformates, like other acid chlorides, proceed faster with better yields when alkali hydroxides or tertiary amines are present to react with the HCl as it forms. /Chloroformates/

Boiling point

Heat of sublimation

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Quadrupole coupling

Refractive index

Rotational excitation cross section

Surface tension

Vapor pressure

Vibrational mode frequency

Viscosity

Highly flammable. Gives off HCl fumes in moist air. Insoluble in water. Decomposes slowly in water forming isopropyl alcohol, HCl, and CO2.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Highly Flammable

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

ISOPROPYL CHLOROFORMATE is water reactive. A sample stored in a refrigerator exploded [Wischmeyer 1973]. Attacks many metals especially in humid atmosphere [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980. p. 476]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH PHOSGENE

A sample exploded in refrigerated storage. It is known that if iron salts are present during the preparation from 2-propanol and phosgene, catalysed thermal decomposition may occur.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Pain. Blisters.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LCLo (rat) = 200 ppm/5h

LD50 Rat oral 1.07 g/kg

LD50 Rabbit oral 11.3 g/kg

... SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN EYES & RESP TRACT MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS. /CHLOROFORMATES/

... CAN PRODUCE DELAYED PULMONARY EDEMA SIMILAR TO THAT PRODUCED BY PHOSGENE.

EYE IRRITATION, IRRITATION OF UPPER RESP TRACT, & SURFACE BURNS HAVE BEEN PRINCIPAL FINDINGS IN EXPOSED HUMANS. ... EYE IRRITATION MAY PERSIST SOME TIME AFTER EXPOSURE CEASES. SKIN SENSITIZATION MAY OCCUR. /CHLOROFORMATES/

TOXIC BY INHALATION.

SUMMARY TOXICITY STATEMENT: HIGH IRRITANT VIA INHALATION. HIGH= CAPABLE OF CAUSING DEATH OR PERMANENT INJURY DUE TO EXPOSURES OF NORMAL USE; INCAPACITATING & POISONOUS; REQUIRES SPECIAL HANDLING.

SUMMARY TOXICITY STATEMENT: MODERATE VIA ORAL ROUTES. MODERATE= MAY CAUSE REVERSIBLE OR IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES TO EXPOSED TISSUE, NOT PERMANENT INJURY OR DEATH; CAN CAUSE CONSIDERABLE DISCOMFORT.

INHALATION OF 122,000 PPM...BY RATS CAUSED IMMEDIATE FATALITIES WITH PULMONARY EDEMA. INHALATION OF 6450 PPM CAUSED DEATH OF ALL RATS IN ABOUT 50 MIN, WITH RESP DISTRESS, PROSTRATION, & CONVULSIONS.

Direct dropwise application to the guinea pig skin causes deep necrosis and eschar formation, and direct contact with the rabbit eye causes permanent corneal opacity.

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate's use as a chemical intermediate could release the compound to the environment through various waste streams generated at sites of production and use. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade in the vapor phase by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half- life of about 5 days). Since isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water, atmospheric degradation may occur through dissolution into clouds or through contact with rain or other atmospheric water. If released to water or moist soil, hydrolysis will be the dominate degradation process; the aqueous hydrolysis half-life is 5.6 min at 24.5 °C. If released to dry surfaces, isopropyl chlorocarbonate will evaporate into the atmosphere. Occupational exposure can occur through inhalation. (SRC)

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate's use as a chemical intermediate in the production of herbicides and other chemicals(1) could release the compound to the environment through various waste streams generated at sites of production and use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, aqueous hydrolysis will be the dominate fate process in moist soils(SRC). The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(2); therefore, evaporation from dry surfaces to the atmosphere will occur(SRC). Results of a single biodegradation study (using the Japanese MITI protocol) have classified ethyl chloroformate (a compound similar in structure to isopropyl chlorocarbonate) as biodegradable(3) but this probably refers to the hydrolysis product(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, aqueous hydrolysis will be the dominant fate process in the aquatic environment(SRC). Aqueous volatilization, bioconcentration, biodegradation, and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important fate processes due to isopropyl chlorocarbonate's rapid hydrolysis(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 100 mm Hg at 47 °C(1), isopropyl chlorocarbonate is expected to exist primarily in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 5 days(3,SRC). Since isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water, atmospheric degradation may occur through dissolution into clouds or through contact with rain or other atmospheric water(SRC).

Using the Japanese MITI protocol (4 week incubation period with activated sludge inoculum), ethyl chloroformate (a compound similar in structure to isopropyl chlorocarbonate) was classified as biodegradable with a theoretical BOD of 81-86%(1) but this probably refers to the hydrolysis product(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isopropyl chlorocarbonate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 3.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the aqueous hydrolysis of isopropyl chlorocarbonate in distilled water has been experimentally determined to be 3.54X10-4/sec and 20.5X10-4/sec at 12.5 and 24.5 °C, respectively(2); these rate constants respectively correspond to half-lives of 32.6 and 5.6 min(2,SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis products of isopropyl chlorocarbonate are isopropyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and hydrochloric acid(2). The hydrolytic decomposition of isopropyl chlorocarbonate has been observed to be base-catalyzed, but not acid-catalyzed(3).

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be an important process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes(1), the Koc for isopropyl chlorocarbonate can be estimated to be approximately 12(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isopropyl chlorocarbonate has high mobility in soil(SRC). However, isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(3); therefore, leaching in soil is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for isopropyl chlorocarbonate can be estimated to be 4.15X10-3 atm-cu m/mole using a structure estimation method(1,SRC); this value of Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from water is potentially an important fate process(2). However, isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(3); therefore, volatilization from water is not expected to be important(SRC). The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(4); therefore, evaporation from dry surfaces will occur(SRC).

The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(1); therefore, occupational exposure may occur through inhalation(SRC).

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate's use as a chemical intermediate could release the compound to the environment through various waste streams generated at sites of production and use. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade in the vapor phase by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half- life of about 5 days). Since isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water, atmospheric degradation may occur through dissolution into clouds or through contact with rain or other atmospheric water. If released to water or moist soil, hydrolysis will be the dominate degradation process; the aqueous hydrolysis half-life is 5.6 min at 24.5 °C. If released to dry surfaces, isopropyl chlorocarbonate will evaporate into the atmosphere. Occupational exposure can occur through inhalation. (SRC)

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate's use as a chemical intermediate in the production of herbicides and other chemicals(1) could release the compound to the environment through various waste streams generated at sites of production and use(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, aqueous hydrolysis will be the dominate fate process in moist soils(SRC). The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(2); therefore, evaporation from dry surfaces to the atmosphere will occur(SRC). Results of a single biodegradation study (using the Japanese MITI protocol) have classified ethyl chloroformate (a compound similar in structure to isopropyl chlorocarbonate) as biodegradable(3) but this probably refers to the hydrolysis product(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, aqueous hydrolysis will be the dominant fate process in the aquatic environment(SRC). Aqueous volatilization, bioconcentration, biodegradation, and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important fate processes due to isopropyl chlorocarbonate's rapid hydrolysis(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 100 mm Hg at 47 °C(1), isopropyl chlorocarbonate is expected to exist primarily in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 5 days(3,SRC). Since isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water, atmospheric degradation may occur through dissolution into clouds or through contact with rain or other atmospheric water(SRC).

Using the Japanese MITI protocol (4 week incubation period with activated sludge inoculum), ethyl chloroformate (a compound similar in structure to isopropyl chlorocarbonate) was classified as biodegradable with a theoretical BOD of 81-86%(1) but this probably refers to the hydrolysis product(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isopropyl chlorocarbonate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 3.12X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the aqueous hydrolysis of isopropyl chlorocarbonate in distilled water has been experimentally determined to be 3.54X10-4/sec and 20.5X10-4/sec at 12.5 and 24.5 °C, respectively(2); these rate constants respectively correspond to half-lives of 32.6 and 5.6 min(2,SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis products of isopropyl chlorocarbonate are isopropyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, and hydrochloric acid(2). The hydrolytic decomposition of isopropyl chlorocarbonate has been observed to be base-catalyzed, but not acid-catalyzed(3).

Isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(1); therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be an important process(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes(1), the Koc for isopropyl chlorocarbonate can be estimated to be approximately 12(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isopropyl chlorocarbonate has high mobility in soil(SRC). However, isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(3); therefore, leaching in soil is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for isopropyl chlorocarbonate can be estimated to be 4.15X10-3 atm-cu m/mole using a structure estimation method(1,SRC); this value of Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from water is potentially an important fate process(2). However, isopropyl chlorocarbonate hydrolyzes readily in water (half-life of 5.6 min at 24.5 °C)(3); therefore, volatilization from water is not expected to be important(SRC). The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(4); therefore, evaporation from dry surfaces will occur(SRC).

The low-boiling chloroformic esters, such as isopropyl chlorocarbonate, are highly volatile(1); therefore, occupational exposure may occur through inhalation(SRC).

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Isopropyl chloroformate [Table#4226]

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 155: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ISOPROPYL CHLOROFORMATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2407; Isopropyl chloroformate

IMO 3.2; Isopropyl chloroformate

49 076 28; Isopropyl chloroformate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Poison Inhalation Hazard Flammable Liquid Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3 and 8; UN Pack Group: I