bis(2-Chloro-1-methylethyl) ether

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.7% (1 of 37) of reports.

H300 (59.5%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H301 (29.7%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (89.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (89.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (29.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 37 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 37 reports by companies.

There are 6 notifications provided by 36 of 37 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P210, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P330, P370+P378, P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

WATER TO BLANKET FIRE, FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL.

If material is on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water and apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knockdown vapors.

Personnel protection: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Waste water treatment: Activated carbon: absorbability: 0.20 g/g C; 100% redn, at 1,800 mg/l influent; conventional municipal; treatment: influent 0.024 mg/l; conventional plus activated carbon: influent 0.048 mg/l.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also, a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Dichlorodiisopropyl ether wastes are destroyed in special waste incinerators. Due to the high hydrogen chloride content of the flue gases incineration takes place predominantly at sea. Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Evaporation.

This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping. /Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. Keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Ethers should not be stored near powerful oxidizers or in areas of high fire hazard. They should be kept cool and the containers electrically grounded to avoid sparks. /Ethers/

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face positive pressure supplied-air respirator or a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). (NTP, 1992)

Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective boots, protective gloves, and goggles.

Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether is a colorless to light brown liquid. Odor threshold concentration 200 micrograms/liter. (NTP, 1992)

Colorless to light brown liquid; [CAMEO] Colorless liquid; [MSDSonline]

Colorless liquid

369.3 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

187 °C @ 760 MM HG

-143 °F (NTP, 1992)

-96.8 TO -101.8 °C

185 °F (NTP, 1992)

185 °F (Open cup)

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

MISCIBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

MISCIBLE IN ETHYL ALCOHOL, ETHYL ETHER, ACETONE

Water solubility of 1700 ppm at 20 °C.

1.1122 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.103 @ 20 °C/4 °C

PER CENT IN SATURATED AIR: 0.12 @ 25 °C, 760 MM HG; DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.05 @ 25 °C, 760 MM HG (AIR= 1)

6 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

5.9 (AIR= 1)

0.1 mmHg at 68 °F ; 1 mmHg at 85.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.56 [mmHg]

0.56 mm Hg @ 20 °C

log Kow= 2.48

Henry's Law constant: 0.00626

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF /HYDROGEN CHLORIDE/.

0.0230 POISE @ 20 °C

Odor detection in water= 3.2x10(-1) ppm, chemically pure.

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4505 @ 20 °C/D

WT/GAL 9.3 LB @ 20 °C; COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION 0.00096 @ 20 °C

Boiling point

Heat of sublimation

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Vapor pressure

Other Classes -> Halogenated Ethers

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Pesticide -> EPA IRIS

Subject to peroxidation in air. Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Peroxidizable Compound

BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL)ETHER oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick 1979 p.151-154, 164].

INCOMPATIBLE WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS

With atmospheric oxygen, ethers can react to form unstable peroxides which can explode. Strong acids act to convert ethers to unstable oxonium salts. /Ethers/

Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether

Hematologic

4 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether were available. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether. Overall evaluation: Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 41: (1986) Some Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Pesticide Exposures

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

Bis(2-chloro-1- methylethyl) ether

TR-239: Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether (~70) (CASRN 108-60-1) Containing 2-Chloro-1-methylethyl(2-chloropropyl)ether (~30) (CASRN 83270-31-9) in B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Study) (1982 )

12/16/81

Chemical Not Tested in Species/Sex

Clear Evidence

Under the conditions of this bioassay, bis (2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether, containing 2-chloro-1-methylethyl (2-chloropropyl) ether, was carcinogenic for B6C3F1 mice, causing increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas in male and females and hepatocellular carcinomas in males. In addition, the occurrence of a low incidence of squamous cell papillomas or carcinomas in the stomach or forestomach of females (a rare tumor in B6C3F1 mice) was probably associated with the administration of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether.

TR-191: Bioassay of Technical Grade Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 108-60-1) (1979 )

05/01/79

No Evidence

It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, the technical-grade test material, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether, was not carcinogenic for F344 rats of either sex.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

PDF Document

Suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential

HEAST Archive

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 350 ppm/8h

LC50 Rat inhalation 350 ppm/8 hr

LD50 Rat single oral 0.24 (0.22-0.27 g/kg in a suitable vehicle). /From table/

LD50 Rabbit single percutaneous 3.00 (1.78-5.04) ml/kg. /From table/

Inhalation of metered vapor concn by rats: Concn: 1.000 ppm Time: 4 hr Mortality: 1/6. /From table/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Ethers and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: To keep open, "minimal flow rate"/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethers and related compounds/

A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect existing conditions that might place the exposed employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the respiratory tract, liver, and the central nervous system should be stressed. 14 inch x 17 inch chest roentgenogram and FVC and FEV (1 sec) /should also be performed/. The above medical examinations are to be repeated on an annual basis, except that an x-ray is necessary only when indicated by the results of pulmonary function testing, or signs and symptoms of respiratory disease. /Bis(2-chloroethyl ether)/

The toxicity of /bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether/ is somewhat less than that of the dichloroethyl ether but damage occurs in the liver and kidneys rather than in the lungs. /Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether/ causes no primary irritation of the skin but may penetrate the skin sufficiently to cause death. ... No cases of injury to health of humans have been reported.

With the notable exception of the chloromethyl ethers and the glycidyl ethers, the ethers as a group have little general toxicological action in industrial use. Their /CNS depressant/ action causes them to produce loss of consciousness on appreciable exposure and, as good fat solvents, they cause dermatitis on repeated or prolonged skin contact. Enclosure and ventilation are to be employed to avoid excessive exposure. Barrier creams and impervious gloves assist in preventing skin irritation. In the event of loss of consciousness, the person should be removed from the contaminated atmosphere and given artificial respiration and oxygen. /Chloromethyl ethers/

RATS WERE FED 22 DOSES ... IN OLIVE OIL BY STOMACH TUBE DURING A PERIOD OF 31 DAYS. EVEN THE LOWEST DOSE ... 0.01 G/KG CAUSED A DECREASE IN GROWTH RATE ... AT ... HIGHEST DOSAGE LEVEL, 0.20 G/KG, BOTH LIVER AND KIDNEY WT (PER UNIT OF BODY WT) ... INCREASED. SPLEEN WT ALSO INCREASED ...

NO PRIMARY IRRITATION OF THE SKIN AFTER 20 APPLICATIONS TO THE EAR OF RABBITS WAS NOTED ... AND ONLY SCALINESS AFTER SAME NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS BY POULTICE METHOD TO SKIN OF ABDOMEN ...

ALL 10 RATS SURVIVED A 6 HR EXPOSURE TO 350 PPM, BUT 2 OF 5 DIED AFTER AN 8 HR EXPOSURE. THESE ANIMALS EXHIBITED MODERATE LUNG CONGESTION AND SOME LIVER NECROSIS. ONE OF 4 ANIMALS DIED AFTER AN 8 HR EXPOSURE TO 175 PPM. WHEN RATS WERE EXPOSED TO 700 PPM, DEATHS OCCURRED AFTER 6 HR OF EXPOSURE. AUTOPSY REVEALED SLIGHT LUNG IRRITATION AND MODERATE TO SEVERE LIVER DAMAGE.

RATS EXPOSED TO AN ATMOSPHERE BELIEVED TO BE ESSENTIALLY SATURATED ... EXHIBITED SIGNS OF IMMEDIATE EYE IRRITATION AND SOME INCOORDINATION; THE MAX EXPOSURE TIME CAUSING NO DEATH WAS 1 HR.

3.10e+03

4.70e+04

7.10e+02

4.00e+00

2.60e-01

4.00e-02

Volatile

1.02e+03

9.40e+03

1.40e+05

2.10e+03

Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether's production and use in the textile industry and as a solvent for natural and synthetic resins may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.56 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 28 hours (1.2 days). If released to soil, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is expected to have very high mobility based upon a Koc of 47. It may be resistant to biodegradation in environmental media based upon screening test data from studies using activated sludge or sewage inocula. Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based on the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based on its estimated Henry's Law constant. The volatilization half-life from a model river and a model lake is estimated as approximately 19 hours and 10 days, respectively. A BCF of 5.2 to 12 suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is not expected to hydrolyze in the environment due to lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. The most probable routes of general population exposure to bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether are via inhalation of contaminated air and ingestion of contaminated drinking water. Inhalation and dermal exposure will be expected to be highest in workplaces where bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is made and used. (SRC)

Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether's production and use in the textile industry and as a solvent for natural and synthetic resins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Assuming a first order reduction of concentration ... the following half-lives were derived: 3-30 days in river water and 30-300 days in lake and groundwater.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The vapor pressure of bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether suggests that it might be sufficiently volatile to be transported into the atmosphere.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc of 47(2) indicates that bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be important(3,SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its water solubility(4) and vapor pressure(4). Aqueous screening test data from studies using activated sludge(5,6) suggest that bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether may be resistant to biodegradation in environmental media(SRC). In one study, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether showed no biodegradation after 5 days when incubated with Ohio River water(7). In general, many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation(8). By analogy to bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, which has a hydrolytic half-life of about 20 years(9), hydrolysis of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc of 47(2) indicates that bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its water solubility(4) and vapor pressure(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 hours and 10 days, respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of 5.2 to 12(6) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether may be resistant to biodegradation under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions in environmental media based upon screening test data from studies using activated sludge(6,7SRC). In one study, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether showed no biodegradation after 5 days when incubated with Ohio River water(8). In general, many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation(9). By analogy to bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, which has a hydrolytic half-life of about 20 years(10), hydrolysis of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether, which has a vapor pressure of 0.56 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 28 hours(3,SRC).

AEROBIC GRAB SAMPLES: Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether showed no biodegradation after 5 days at 20 °C when incubated with Ohio River water at an initial concentration of 33 mg/l(1). Three bank infiltration studies from the Rhine river in The Hague showed a concentration of approximately 0.5 ug/l, which was not reduced at all after infiltration(2). In the Netherlands, 33% removal in <1 yr and 90% removal in <3 months was observed after bank and dune infiltration of Rhine water, respectively(3). A degradation half-life has been estimated to be 59 days and 3.1 days for bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether in a lake in the Rhine basin and in the Rhine river, respectively, based upon field monitoring data (includes dilution and evaporation)(3). AEROBIC SCREENING STUDIES: Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether, present at 100 mg/l, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(4). Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether did not degrade after an experimental period of 40 days under aerobic conditions(5). In a static-culture-flask biodegradation screening procedure, utilizing biochemical oxygen demand and dilution water containing 5 mg of yeast extract per liter as the synthetic medium, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether was found to be significantly biodegradable with rapid adaptation. At a test concentration of 5 mg/l, the original culture achieved 85% biodegradation in 7 days and subcultures 100% in 7 days; when the test concentration was 10 mg/l, 63% biodegradation of the original culture was observed in 7 days and 100% in subcultures(6).

ANAEROBIC: Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether did not degrade after an experimental period of 40 days under anaerobic conditions(1). The calculated half-life for the chemical reductive dehalogenation of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether was determined to be 903 days(2).

Direct photolysis would not be expected to occur in surface waters in the troposphere since bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether does not possess any chromophores that absorb radiation in the visible or near UV regions.

The rate constant for the vapor phase reactions of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been determined to be 1.39X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1), which corresponds to a half-life of 28 hours (1.2 days) at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm (SRC). By analogy to bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, which has an estimated hydrolysis half-life about 20 yrs at 25 °C(2), hydrolysis of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether should be slow and independent of pH(SRC).

... The weighted average bioconcentration factor for ... bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether /in/ the edible portion of all freshwater and estuarine aquatic organisms consumed by Americans is calculated to be ... 2.47.

An BCF of 5.2 to 12 in carp was determined for bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Because of its water solubility, some migration through the soil may occur.

The value of the log octanol/water partition coefficient ... 2.58, does indicate, ... some potential for adsorption on suspended organic matter.

The Koc of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether in various soils was determined to be 47(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

... The half-life with respect to volatilization for bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether from a body of water /is calculated/ to be 1.37 days.

The Henry's Law constant for bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is estimated as 7.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.56 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1,700 mg/l(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is approximately 19 hours(2,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is approximately 10 days(2,SRC). Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether's Henry's Law constant(1,2,SRC) indicates that rapid volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether has been detected but not quantified in the Mississippi River, ... rivers, lakes, and groundwater in the Netherlands ... and finished drinking water at an unidentified site in NC.

Concn in New Orleans drinking water averaged 0.10 ng/cu m.

Levels in the drinking water of 9 unnamed cities ranged from 0.02-1.58 ug/l.

At the Carrollton station and two sites in Jefferson Parish, LA the finished drinking water ... /contained/ 0.018, 0.08, and 0.03 ug/l respectively.

For more Environmental Water Concentrations (Complete) data for BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Release of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether ... in wastewater from industrial processes, particularly in proplylene glycol manufacturing is estimated to be one million lb per yr. /Separate figures not given; 1979/

Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether has been detected in U.S. rivers as a result of industrial outfall from propylene glycol production(1,2) at concns ranging from 0.2-5 ug/l (Ohio River) from August-September 1971(2). Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether has been detected in water samples from a specially constructed leachate treatment plant located at Love Canal (Niagara Falls, NY)(3). According to the STORET database, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether has been detected in effluents in the U.S.A. with a median concn of <10.000 ug/l(4). In a study conducted from 1989-1993, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether was detected in New York City Municipal wastewaters at a concn of 8 ug/l(5).

According to the STORET database, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether has been detected in sediment from the USA at a median concn of <500.0 ug/kg (dry)(1).

Single or duplicate injection of 2667 ppm or 4000 ppm bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether emulsion, at 3 and 2 l/sq m, respectively, gave good control of root knot nematodes in soil, without leaving residues in figs.

Bis(2-chloro-methylethyl) ether has been identified in fish collected from Lake Michigan and tributary streams in 1983(1).

According to the STORET database, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether has been detected in biota in the USA at a median concn of <2.2 mg/kg(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also, a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Dichlorodiisopropyl ether wastes are destroyed in special waste incinerators. Due to the high hydrogen chloride content of the flue gases incineration takes place predominantly at sea. Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Evaporation.

This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping. /Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2490; Dichloroisopropyl ether

IMO 6.1; Dichloroisopropyl ether

49 363 15; Dichloroisopropyl ether

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.