Mesitylene

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 2655) of reports.

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H304 (12.7%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315 (45.4%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (40.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (99.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H411 (97.9%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2655 reports by companies from 55 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 2655 reports by companies.

There are 54 notifications provided by 2653 of 2655 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

This chemical is a flammable liquid. Poisonous gases are produced in fire. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or alcohol foam. Move container from fire if you can do so without risk. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. For massive fire in cargo area, use unmanned hose holder or monitoring nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. Isolate for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space ... because of the possibility of an explosion ... It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

Environmental considerations-water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations-air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration /SRP: with appropriate emission controls/.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

When, for purpose of welding or cutting, heat has to be applied to vessel that has contained trimethylbenzene vessel should first be drained, purged and tested as for entry. /Trimethylbenzenes/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. This chemical must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates), and strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical.

STORAGE TANKS SHOULD BE MOUNDED TO CONFINE ESCAPING LIQUID & ESCAPE FROM PROCESS VESSELS SHOULD BE CONTROLLED IN SIMILAR MANNER BY SILLS @ DOORWAYS, DESIGN OF FLOORS, ETC. /TRIMETHYLBENZENES/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

20.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data

AEGLs Status: Final

140 [ppm]

360 [ppm]

470 [ppm]

TWA 25 ppm (125 mg/m3)

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

10.0 [ppm]

100 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause effects on the lungs. This may result in chronic bronchitis. The substance may have effects on the central nervous system and blood.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available for work each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

1,3,5-trimethylbenzene appears as a colorless liquid with a peculiar odor. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Flash point near 123 °F. May be toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Used to make plastics and dyes.

Colorless liquid; [ICSC]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive, aromatic odor.

Clear, colorless liquid

Peculiar odor

Distinctive, aromatic odor

Sweet odor

329 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

164.7 °C at 760 mm Hg

Boiling point = 98.9 °C at 100 mm Hg, 61 °C at 20 mm Hg, 47.4 °C at 10 mm Hg, and 9.6 °C at 1.0 mm Hg

164.00 to 165.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

164.74 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-49 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-44.8 °C

Liquid Molar Volume= 0.139524 cu m/kmol; IG Heat of Formation= -1.59X10+7 J/kmol; Heat of Fusion at the melting point= 9.5144X10+6 J/kmol

-44.7 °C

-44.72 °C

122 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

122 °F (50 °C) (Closed cup)

50 °C c.c.

0.002 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with alcohol, ether, benzene

Miscible in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone

Miscible with oxygenated and aromatic solvents.

In water, 48.2 mg/L at 25 °C

0.0482 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: very poor

0.86 (NIOSH, 2024) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8637 at 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.86

0.8615 @25 °C

1.006 AT 20 °C (AIR = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.1

2 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

2.48 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure = 1.86 mm Hg @ 20 °C

2.48 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.25

0.75 [mm Hg] @9 °C

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE is incompatible with the following: Oxidizers, nitric acid (NIOSH, 2024).

Forms explosive mixture with air. Strong oxidizers cause fire and explosion hazard. Violent reaction with nitric acid.

Oxidizers, nitric acid.

Oxidizers, nitric acid

1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

Developmental

1 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

4 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

6 x 10 ^-2 mg/m^3

2 x 10 ^-1 mg/m^3

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Confusion. Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Sore throat. Vomiting.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; bronchitis; hypochromic anemia; headache, drowsiness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, nausea, incoordination; vomiting, confusion; chemical pneumonitis (aspiration liquid)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, blood

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

PDF Document

See the IRIS entry for 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

IRIS Current

LC50 (rat) = 24,000 mg/m3/4h

LD100 Rat ip 1.5-2.0 g/kg (minimum fatal dose) /from table/

Increased catalase activity was observed in the liver microsomal fraction of ethanol-treated rats (10% v/v aqueous ethanol solution per os for 5 weeks). In contrast, cytochrome P-450 concentration and specific activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase remained at the same level as in the liver of control rats (drinking water). ... Administration of mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) by gastric tube for 3 days (5 mmoles per kg daily) increased cytochrome P-450 concentration, specific activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and ethanol metabolism.

Groups of 5 female SPF Sprague-Dawley rats (200 to 220 g) were exposed via inhalation for 2 hr to 120, 180, 400, or 720 ppm mesitylene, without or in combination with 1000 or 4000 ppm ethyl acetate. Immediately after exposure, blood samples were collected. Co-exposure /of the effect/ with ethyl acetate ... was not statistically significant. For example, at 400 ppm mesitylene, control blood concn was (75.8 +/- 2.1) x 10-6 mol/L vs 68.8 +/ - 7.8) x 10-6 mol/L at 4000 ppm ethyl acetate.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Twenty-seven persons who worked for a number of years with a solvent called "Fleet-X-DV-99" containing 30% mesitylene /1,3,5-trimethylbenzene/ and 50% pseudocumene, /1,2,3-trimethylbenzene were studied/. A significant number of the exposed individuals complained of nervousness, tension, anxiety, and asthmatic bronchitis. In addition, the peripheral blood showed a tendency to hypochromic anemia and a deviation from normal in the coagulability of the blood. Hydrocarbon vapor concentrations ranged from 10 to 60 ppm.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Effects of short-term exposure: The substance is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Effects of long-term exposure: The liquid defats the skin. Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolonged exposure, resulting in chronic bronchitis. The substance may have effects on the central nervous system and blood. ...Use of alcoholic beverages enhances the harmful effect.

/SURVEILLANCE/ ... The aim of this investigation was to assess the incidence of hearing and vestibular disorders (using modem audiological and vestibular tests) in 61 workers exposed to a mixture of organic solvents at the production of paints and varnishes; the control group included 40 age-matched non-exposed subjects. Environmental and biological monitoring revealed that the most significant exposure can be attributed to the following mixture constituents: ethylbenzene, xylene and trimethylbenzene isomers such as pseudocumene, mesitylene and hemimellitene. Electronystagmographic examinations showed the symptoms of vestibular dysfunction, as well as the decreased duration, amplitude and slow phase angular velocity of induced nystagmus in 47.5% of the subjects exposed versus 5% of controls. This was accompanied by sensorineural high frequency hearing loss, identified by means of pure tone audiometry in 42% of those exposed versus 5% controls, and reduced amplitudes of transiently evoked and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions. The findings closely correspond with the rate of the total exposure to the solvent mixture. ...

/BIOMONITORING/ ... The aim of this study was to obtain toxicokinetic data on the absorption and elimination of trimethylbenzene and its metabolites in biological fluids and to investigate the relationship between the biological indices of exposure and the absorbed dose. Eight-hour inhalation tests were performed in a toxicological chamber, The subjects were eight volunteers aged 20-39 with no history of exposure to TMB. They were exposed to pseudocumene, mesitylene or hemimellitene at concentrations ranging from 5 to 150 mg/cu m air. Exhaled air, capillary blood and urine samples were collected before, during and after the exposure. The determinations of TMB or its metabolites were performed using gas chromatography ... . Pulmonary ventilation in the volunteers ranged from 0.56 to 1.0 cu m/hr. The retention of 1,2,4-TMB; 1,3,5-TMB; 1,2,3-TMB in the lungs was 68%, 67% and 71%, respectively. The elimination of TMB from capillary blood occurred in accordance with the open three-compartment model. Urinary excretion of dimethylbenzoic acids (DMBA) proceeded according to the open two-compartment model. Based on the toxicokinetic data, a simulation model of accretion and excretion of DMBA in urine during a 14-day period was developed. The highest rates of metabolite excretion and the highest quantities of DMBA in urine during 24-hr intervals were observed on day 5 of exposure. The relationship between the levels of TMB or DMBA in biological material and TMB air concentration or absorbed dose were determined. To select the urine fraction suitable for determining occupational TMB exposure, linear regression analysis was performed. The biological exposure limit (BEL) for TMB has been proposed, with the current maximum allowable concentration (MAC) value of 100 mg/cu m (Polish standard) baseline value.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sensory respiratory irritation effects of trimethylbenzene isomers (TMBs) (hemimellitene, mesitylene and pseudocumene) in male Balb/C mice were investigated in conditions of acute exposure ... . The pseudocumene, mesitylene and hemimellitene concentrations depressing the respiratory rate to 50% (RD50) were 578, 519, 541 ppm, respectively ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Rotarod performance and pain sensitivity behavior were tested in rats exposed to trimethylbenzenes at concentrations of 250-2,000 ppm immediately after termination of a 4-hr exposure. Exposure to each of trimethylbenzene isomers /pseudocumene, mesitylene, and hemimellitene/ resulted in concentration-dependent disturbances in rotarod performance, and decrease in pain sensitivity in rats. Pseudocumene, mesitylene and hemimellitene EC50 values for rotarod performance behavior disturbances were 954, 963, 768 ppm and for decreases in pain sensitivity EC50 were 1,115, 1,212, 848, ppm, respectively.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In animals subjected to acute lethal intoxication, death was preceded by CNS depression and respiratory failure.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ High concentrations of mesitylene vapor (5000 to 9000 ppm) caused central nervous system (CNS) depression in mice. ...During a single continuous 24 hour exposure at 2400 ppm mesitylene, 4 of 16 rats died in respiratory arrest.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50 Daphnia magna /(Water flea)/ 50 mg/L 24 hr, toxic effect: increased mortality and reduced reproduction rates

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae, Log growth phase); Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 25000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population biomass

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae, Log growth phase); Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 53000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: general population changes

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 4-6 days, length 1.5 mm); Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, pH 6-7, dissolved oxygen 5-9 mg/L; Concentration: 50 mmol/cu m for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 22-110 mmol/cu m); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or = 97% purity/

EC50 Daphnia magna /(Water flea)/ 50 mg/L 24 hr, toxic effect: increased mortality and reduced reproduction rates

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae, Log growth phase); Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 25000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population biomass

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae, Log growth phase); Conditions: freshwater, static, 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 53000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: general population changes

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 4-6 days, length 1.5 mm); Conditions: freshwater, static, 23 °C, pH 6-7, dissolved oxygen 5-9 mg/L; Concentration: 50 mmol/cu m for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 22-110 mmol/cu m); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or = 97% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2.70e+02

1.50e+03

6.30e+01

2.60e+02

6.00e+01

5.00e+01

8.70e-02

1.00e-02

6.00e-02

Volatile

1.82e+02

8.10e+02

4.50e+03

1.90e+02

7.90e+02

1.80e+02

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish.

1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene's production and use as a research chemical, intermediate for anthraquinone vat dyes, and UV oxidation stabilizer for plastics may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene is released directly to the environment as a component of gasoline and as an emission from gasoline-powered vehicles, municipal waste-treatment plants, and coal-fired power stations. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.48 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene does not contain chromophores that absorb light above 290 nm, and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility based upon an experimental Koc range of 501-1,445. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.77X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation is expected to occur in soil, and acclimation may increase the rate of biodegradation. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, present at a concn of 50 mg/kg, degraded considerably after 6 months in the presence of a sewage inoculum during a bioremediation study. The time required for 0.2-1.0 mg/L of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene to reach less than 1 ug/L was 110 hours in an adapted groundwater aquifer contaminated with gasoline. If released into water, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the experimental Koc range. Biodegradation in water is expected to occur. In liquid wastewater cultures, after 30 days 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene degraded to 0.39 mg/L in the test sample compared to 7.17 mg/L residual concn in the abiotic control, suggesting biodegradation is an important fate process in water. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene did not biodegrade in methanogenic or anoxic acquifers. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hours and 4.4 days, respectively. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may occur based on BCF values of 23-342, measured in carp. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with vapors, food and other products containing 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. Workers and the general population that operate gasoline-pumping stations and off-set printers may have an especially high risk of exposure to 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. (SRC)

/1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene is/ found in coal tar ... occurring in some mineral oils /and is/ formed during the processing of crude oil

1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene's production and use as a research chemical(1), intermediate for anthraquinone vat dyes, and UV oxidation stabilizer for plastics(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene is released directly to the environment as a component of gasoline(3) and as an emission from gasoline-powered vehicles(4,5), municipal waste-treatment plants(6), and coal-fired power stations(7).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an experimental Koc range of 501-1,445(2-5), indicates that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an experimental Henry's Law constant of 8.77X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(6). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.48 mm Hg(SRC), from experimentally-derived coefficients(7). Complete removal of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene from sterile sandy loam soil samples contaminated with jet fuel was reported within 5 days, probably due to evaporation(8). Biodegradation is expected to occur in soil, and acclimation may increase the rate of biodegradation(SRC). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, present at a concn of 50 mg/kg, degraded considerably after 6 months in the presence of a sewage inoculum during a bioremediation study(9). It was noted that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was more resistant to biodegradation than other compounds present(9). The time required for 0.2-1.0 mg/L of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene to reach less than 1 ug/L was 110 hours in an adapted groundwater aquifer contaminated with gasoline(10).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an experimental Koc range of 501-1,445(2-5), indicates that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.77X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(7), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hours and 4.4 days, respectively(SRC). Residence times (with respect to volatilization) for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were calculated as 220 hours for both winter and summer conditions in Narragansett Bay(8). According to a classification scheme(9), BCF values of 23 to 342(10), measured in carp, suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may be high(SRC). Biodegradation may be an important fate process for this compound in water, and acclimation may increase the rate of biodegradation(SRC). The time required for 0.2-1.0 mg/L of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene to reach less than 1 ug/L was 110 hours in an adapted groundwater aquifer contaminated with gasoline(11). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was not detected in the effluent of an activated sludge plant that had a recorded influent of 22.7 ug/L(12). In liquid wastewater cultures, after 30 days 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene degraded to 0.39 mg/L in the test sample compared to 7.17 mg/L residual concn in the abiotic control, suggesting biodegradation is an important fate process in water(13).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 2.48 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene also reacts with nitrate radicals in the atmosphere(3); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated as 10-67 days(SRC). The photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene with nitrogen oxide produces formaldehyde and aliphatic aldehydes at 0.15-0.2 and 0.3-0.4 moles/mole 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, respectively(5). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene does not contain chromophores that absorb wavelengths >290 nm(6) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Dissolved air flotation effluent from a class B petroleum refinery contained 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at 43 ng/g; greater than 99% removal was shown following activated sludge treatment(1). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene at 100 mg/L was not biodegraded over a 14 day period using an activated sludge inoculum(2). Complete removal of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (at 0.035 ug/mL soil extract) from sandy loam soil samples contaminated with jet fuel was reported within 5 days; sterile samples with 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at 0.035 ug/mL soil extract also showed complete removal of this compound within 5 days, probably by evaporation(3). During a 24 hour time period, 500 mg/L of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was toxic to the microbes in 2 out of 3 activated sludge inocula(4). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was not biodegraded over a 7.5 day incubation period using an activated sludge inoculum(4).

AEROBIC: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was not biodegraded in comparison to the control over an 8 day period, using an activated sludge inoculum which had been acclimated to benzene(1). The average influent concentration of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in an activated sludge plant was 22.7 ug/L; the average effluent concentration was below detection. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was not detected in sludge; 5.6% of the removal was due to stripping, the remainder due to biodegradation(2). 3% of the theoretical BOD was reached for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in the 5 day BOD test(3). Soil at a contaminated construction site, containing 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at a maximum concentration of 50 mg/kg, was bioremediated using sewage as an added inoculum; considerable degradation was reported within 6 months although 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was more resistant to biodegradation than other compounds also present(4). Groundwater containing a mixture of compounds from a gasoline contaminated aquifer, including 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at 0.2-1.0 mg/L, was subjected to an 85 hour adaptation period; degradation, defined as the time required for the concentration of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene to reach less than 1 ug/L was 110 hours(5).

AEROBIC: Groundwater from four sites, contaminated with heavy fuel, gasoline, and 2 with fuel oil, was incubated under aerobic conditions; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was biodegraded to a concentration less than 1 ug/L within 124, 74, 50, and 51 hours, respectively(1). The degradation of commercial unleaded gasoline was measured in liquid cultures consisting of urban waste water activated sludge. Gasoline was added at concn of 25 ug/L to 50 mL of 3 g/L dry weight inoculum and incubated for 25 days at 30 °C. After the incubation period an internal standard of dodecane was introduced to the flasks and the hydrocarbons were extracted after 1 hour of shaking. The samples were centrifuged after refrigeration and analyzed using chomatographic methods. The results showed that 94% of the gasoline was degraded with mineralization being the main process. Residual 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene concn in the test flask was 0.39 mg/L after the incubation period(2). The residual concn in the abiotic control was 7.17 mg/L(2).

ANAEROBIC: A half-life of 180 days was calculated for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in anaerobic groundwater from the Bassendean Sands; sulfate reduction occurred simultaneously(1). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was not degraded in anaerobic aquifer microcosms(2). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, present in a mixture of compounds found in groundwater polluted with landfill leachate, was not degraded under denitrifying, iron-reducing, or methanogenic/sulfate-reducing conditions(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 5.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene with nitrate radicals has been measured as 2.4X10-16 and 1.60X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). These values correspond to atmospheric half-lives of about 10 and 67 days, respectively, at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(SRC). Yields of methylglyoxal from the reaction of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene with nitrate radicals at 25 °C account for approximately 60% of the overall nitrate radical reaction if it is assumed that the corresponding unsaturated 1,4-dicarbonyls are formed together with the alpha-dicarbonyls(4). Specifically, carbonyls such as quinone, glyoxal, glycoaldehyde, and hydroxyacetone have been identified as products of the atmospheric photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene(5). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene with ozone has been measured as 0.22X10-20 cu cm/molecule-sec at 24 °C(6). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 years at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(SRC). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(7). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene does not contain chromophores that absorb wavelengths >290 nm(7) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene with nitrogen oxide produces formaldehyde and aliphatic aldehydes at 0.15-0.2 and 0.3-0.4 moles/mole 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, respectively(1). Trialkylbenzenes were classified as having very high reactivity in smog chamber studies(2-4). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was reported as a precursor of peroxyacyl nitrates(5).

BCF values of 23-342 and 42-328 were measured in carp for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene concentrations of 150 and 15 ug/L, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), BCF values of zero to 30 are low and from 100 to 1,000 are high(SRC).

The Koc of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene has been measured at a range of 501-1,445(1-4). According to a classification scheme(5), this Koc range suggests that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was detected in soil leachate samples following the addition of crude oil to the surface of a soil trough filled with sand(6).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was measured as 8.77X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.4 days(SRC). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.48 mm Hg(3). Residence times (with respect to volatilization) for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were calculated as 220 hours for both winter and summer conditions in Narragansett Bay(4). Complete removal of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (at 0.035 ug/ml soil extract) from sandy loam soil samples contaminated with jet fuel was reported within 5 days; sterile samples with 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at 0.035 ug/ml soil extract also showed complete removal of this compound within 5 days, probably by evaporation(5).

GROUNDWATER: Following a leak of an underground gasoline storage tank, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was measured in groundwater at a concn of 0.517 mg/L(1). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was detected in groundwater from two aquifers near an underground coal gasification experiment in northeastern Wyoming at concns from 14-88 ppb(2). Groundwater (from the Chalk aquifer, England) beneath a gasoline service station contained 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at <0.2 to 560 ug/L; the public water supply well (same aquifer) contained this compound at 0.04 ug/L(3). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was measured in groundwater contaminated by organic solvents at 1174 ppb(4).

DRINKING WATER: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was reported in drinking water stored in reservoirs made of concrete and coated with rubber(1). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was detected in tap water from Kitakyushu, Japan at a concn of 3.9 ppb(2). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was detected in Cincinnati, OH drinking water (in February 1980) at 36 ng/L(3). Drinking water samples collected from New Orleans, LA (in 1976), Philadelphia, PA (in 1976), and Seattle, WA (in 1976) contained 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at unreported concns(4).

SURFACE WATER: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was detected in the water of Lake Constance following heavy boat traffic(1), in the River Glatt, Switzerland(2), and in the Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island(3) at unreported concns. Water samples collected from the Southern North Sea during August 1983-July 1984 contained trimethylbenzenes at a mean concn of 3 ng/L(4). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was detected in water from the Besos and Llobregat Rivers in Spain at unreported concns(5). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was measured in seawater collected from Vineyard Sound, MA over a 15 month period at concns of 0.8 to 11 ng/L (mean = 3.4 ng/L)(6). Seawater samples collected near Portugal contained 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at unreported concns(7).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration /SRP: with appropriate emission controls/.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2325; 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

IMO 3.3; 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Marine pollutant.

Symbol: Xi, N; R: 10-37-51/53; S: (2)-61

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III