Isobutyl ketone

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1317) of reports.

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H335 (99.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1317 reports by companies from 38 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1317 reports by companies.

There are 37 notifications provided by 1316 of 1317 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P331, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use AFFF, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. AFFF, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

FOAM ... WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinquish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Combustible. Extinguish with dry chemicals, foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective on fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The EPA recommends packaging of product residues and sorbent media in epoxy-lined drums and disposal at an EPA-approved site. The compounds may be destroyed by permanganate oxidation, high temperature incineration with scrubbing equipment, or microwave plasma treatment. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (> or = to 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transpiration, treatment, and waste disposal.

Diisobutyl ketone is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Diisobutyl Ketone: Concentration process - active carbon.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIISOBUTYL KETONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Use/ ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DIISOBUTYL KETONE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants.

MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL, WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. IMCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED.

Protect storage in direct sunlight. Separate from sources of ignition and oxidizing materials.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

40 [ppm]

330 [ppm]

2000 [ppm]

25 ppm (150 mg/m³)

TWA 25 ppm (150 mg/m3)

50.0 [ppm]

50 ppm (290 mg/m³)

TWA 50 ppm (290 mg/m3) See Appendix G

500 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

500.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: It has been reported that a 3­hour exposure at 50 or 100 ppm caused slight irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat [Smyth et al. 1949].

See: 108838

25.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 25 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

25 ppm as TWA

25 ppm [1979]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Exposure to high concentrations could cause lowering of consciousness.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Diisobutyl ketone:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection.

Diisobutyl ketone appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 140 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless, oily liquid with a fruity and sweet or menthol-like odour

Colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor.

WATER CLEAR LIQUID

Colorless oil

Colorless liquid

Peppermint odor

Mild, sweet odor

331 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

169.4 °C

169.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

166 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-51.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

-41.5 °C

-51.5 °F

140 °F (NTP, 1992)

120 °F (49 °C) (Closed cup)

49 °C c.c.

Slightly soluble (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with ethanol, ether; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

SOL IN CHLOROFORM

Miscible with benzene

Miscibile with most organic liquids

For more Solubility (Complete) data for DIISOBUTYL KETONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2.64 mg/mL at 24 °C

Solubility in water: none

insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and oils

(in ethanol)

0.806 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8062 at 20 °C/4 °C

Bulk density: 6.7 lb/gal at 20 °C; coefficient of expansion: 0.00101 at 20 °C

Saturated vapor density= 0.00088 lb/cu ft @ 70 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 0.805

0.81 @25 °C

4.9 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.9

2.4 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Highly Flammable

DIISOBUTYL KETONE may attack some plastics. It reacts with oxidizers. (NTP, 1992)

Reacts with oxidants. Attacks some forms of plastics.

Above 49 °C explosive vapor/air mixtures may be formed.

... can react with oxidizing materials.

Strong oxidizers.

Strong oxidizers

The consumer exposure is considered to be low as only very few of the DIBK-containing products are accessible to the consumer. Mean occupational exposure during formulation and use of DIBK-containing products is estimated to be about 16-39 mg/cu m DIBK is not corrosive or sensitizing. Respiratory irritation was observed in humans at concentrations above 50 ppm. The NOAEL for repeated dose following inhalation exposure is in the region of 534 ppm. For reproductive toxicity, no increased risks to offspring were observed in the absence of parental effects. The NOAEL for parental toxicity was determined as 300 mg/kg bw/d and for reproductive effects 1000 mg/kg bw/d. Bacterial mutagenicity tests are negative, as well as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic gene conversion assay. DIBK does not induce chromosome aberrations in rat liver cells in vitro. ...

2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Vomiting.

Redness. Numbness.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; headache, dizziness; dermatitis; liver, kidney damage

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LCLo (rat) = 2,000 ppm/4H

LD50 Rat dermal >2000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit dermal 16200 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit subcutaneous > 20 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation (male & female) >5 mg/L/4 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for DIISOBUTYL KETONE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

INHALATION. Symptoms: Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat. Vomiting. First aid: Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention. SKIN: Symptoms: Redness. Numbness. First aid: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. EYES: Symptoms: Redness. Pain. First aid: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. INGESTION: First aid: Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

Pulmonary function tests

Consider the points of attack /resp system, skin, eyes/ in placement and periodic physical exam.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... The sensory response of humans to diisobutyl ketone vapors /was studied/ ... concn higher than 25 ppm had an objectionable odor and caused eye irritation.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ DIISOBUTYL KETONE HAS A LOW DEGREE OF HAZARD IN INDUSTRIAL HANDLING. IT HAS A LOW ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY. WHEN IN CONTACT WITH THE EYES, IT SHOULD CAUSE NO MORE THAN MINOR IRRITATION. SKIN CONTACT WITH THE LIQUID MAY RESULT IN MILD IRRITATION OR EVEN A DERMATITIS DEPENDING UPON TYPE AND DURATION OF CONTACT. VAPORS, IN HIGH CONCN, EXERT BOTH IRRITANT & ... /CNS DEPRESSION/ ACTION. HUMANS FIND CONCN BELOW THOSE CAUSING ... /CNS DEPRESSION/ IN ANIMALS TO BE SUFFICIENTLY IRRITATING & DISCOMFORTING TO BE OFFENSIVE.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH FAT SOLVENCY IT IS SUSPECTED THAT FREQUENTLY REPEATED SKIN CONTACTS MAY CAUSE A DERMATITIS.

/CASE REPORTS/ A group of 12 volunteers was exposed for 15 minutes to DIBK vapor. Most individuals reported eye irritation at 50 ppm. 25 ppm was the concentration that most individuals reported as acceptable for 8 hour exposure.

/CASE REPORTS/ ... TWO MALE SUBJECTS WHO INHALED 50 PPM FOR 3 HR NOTED SLIGHT TRANSITORY IRRITATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES AT BEGINNING OF EXPOSURE. ... SLIGHT IRRITATION OF EYES & NOSE WAS NOTED BY 3 SUBJECTS EXPOSED TO 100 PPM, WITH SLIGHT LACRIMATION ... HEADACHE, & DIZZINESS ON RETURNING TO FRESH AIR.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Not sensitizing in guinea pig maximization test.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Slightly irritating /to eyes of/ rabbit.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Slightly irritating /to skin of/ rabbit.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /Rats were given/ a single dose of 2000 mg/kg ... applied to the skin for 24 hours using an occluded dressing. There were no mortalities or other evidence of systemic toxicity. All animals gained in weight over the 14 day observation period. Slight skin irritation was observed at the application site.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DIISOBUTYL KETONE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50 Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae) 100 mg/L/96 hr; biomass.

LC50 Oncorhynchus mykiss (/Rainbow trout/) 140 mg/L/96 hr; semistatic, freshwater.

LC50; Species: Artemia salina (Brine shrimp, nauplii); Conditions: saltwater, static, 24 °C; Concentration: 65 mg/L for 24 hr

EC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea) 250 mg/L/48 hr; static; Effect: immobilization

EC50 Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae) 100 mg/L/96 hr; biomass.

LC50 Oncorhynchus mykiss (/Rainbow trout/) 140 mg/L/96 hr; semistatic, freshwater.

LC50; Species: Artemia salina (Brine shrimp, nauplii); Conditions: saltwater, static, 24 °C; Concentration: 65 mg/L for 24 hr

EC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea) 250 mg/L/48 hr; static; Effect: immobilization

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Ketones, incl diisobutyl ketone, were tested for their ability to release alarm pheromones in ants. The most active cmpd were of a size & geometry similar to 4-methyl-3-heptanone.

Diisobutyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for paints, dyes and adhesives or as an extraction agent for the recrystallization of organic compounds and a food additive may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.65 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates diisobutyl ketone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase diisobutyl ketone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours. The photochemical degradation products of diisobutyl ketone with hydroxyl radicals are acetone and 2-methylpropanal. Diisobutyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, diisobutyl ketone is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 57. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Diisobutyl ketone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Diisobutyl ketone was aerobically biodegraded 4-88% over periods of 5-20 days, therefore biodegradation is expected in soil and water. If released into water, diisobutyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 12 hours and 7.5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to diisobutyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diisobutyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diisobutyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing diisobutyl ketone. (SRC)

Diisobutyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for paints, dyes and adhesives or as an extraction agent for the recrystallization of organic compounds(1) and a food additive(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 57(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,640 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diisobutyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diisobutyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.65 mm Hg(3), and water solubility(2). Diisobutyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Diisobutyl ketone was shown to rapidly biodegrade under aerobic conditions(4-6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 57(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,640 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diisobutyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.65 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 12 hours and 7.5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in oxygenated waters is expected to be an important environmental fate process for this compound(6-8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diisobutyl ketone, which has a vapor pressure of 1.65 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diisobutyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The photochemical degradation products of diisobutyl ketone with hydroxyl radicals are acetone and 2-methylpropanal(4). Diisobutyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(5).

AEROBIC: Using standard BOD dilution techniques with acclimated microbial cultures, theoretical BODs of 37.4-46.7% were measured for diisobutyl ketone over 5-day incubation periods(1,2). Diisobutyl ketone had BODs of 4, 39, 57, and 88% of theoretical measured over 5, 10, 15, and 20 day incubation periods, respectively, using standard BOD dilution techniques and a non-acclimated sewage inoculum(3); theoretical BODs of 4, 9, and 18% were measured over 10, 15, and 20 day incubation periods, respectively, using a synthetic salt BOD dilution water and a non-acclimated sewage inoculum(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diisobutyl ketone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 2.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The photochemical degradation products of diisobutyl ketone with hydroxyl radicals are acetone and 2-methylpropanal(2). Diisobutyl ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Diisobutyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated in fish for diisobutyl ketone(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,640 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of diisobutyl ketone is estimated as 57(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,640 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diisobutyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for diisobutyl ketone is estimated as 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.65 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2,640 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diisobutyl ketone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 12 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 7.5 days(SRC). Diisobutyl ketone's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of diisobutyl from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: Diisobutyl ketone has been identified, not quantified in drinking water supplies from Poplarville, MS and Philadelphia, PA(1).

GROUNDWATER: Diisobutyl ketone has been detected at a maximum concn of 0.3 ppb in ground water monitoring conducted in the Netherlands(1).

Diisobutyl ketone has been qualitatively detected in wastewater effluent concentrates collected from an advanced wastewater treatment facility in Pomona, CA in Sept 1974(1).

In the industrial setting, exposure to diisobutyl ketone may occur by inhalation of the vapors and by eye and skin contact. However, the principal hazard to health would be inhalation of the vapors.

... Ingestion ...

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 72,926 workers (14,857 of these are female) are potentially exposed to diisobutyl ketone in the US(1). Occupational exposure to diisobutyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diisobutyl ketone is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diisobutyl ketone via ingestion of drinking water and dermal contact with products containing this compound(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The EPA recommends packaging of product residues and sorbent media in epoxy-lined drums and disposal at an EPA-approved site. The compounds may be destroyed by permanganate oxidation, high temperature incineration with scrubbing equipment, or microwave plasma treatment. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (> or = to 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transpiration, treatment, and waste disposal.

Diisobutyl ketone is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Diisobutyl Ketone: Concentration process - active carbon.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIISOBUTYL KETONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DIISOBUTYL KETONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1157; Diisobutyl ketone

IMO 3.0; Diisobutyl ketone

49 131 40; Diisobutyl ketone

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xi; R: 10-37; S: (2)-24

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III