Propyl Acetate

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (11 of 3068) of reports.

H225 (99.2%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H319 (99.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336 (99.6%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3068 reports by companies from 42 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 11 of 3068 reports by companies.

There are 41 notifications provided by 3057 of 3068 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H333: May be harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse contaminated clothes (fire hazard) with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Propyl acetate:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, foam, powder, carbon dioxide, fine water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities of fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Vapors may travel long distances to ignition source and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

1. REMOVE ALL IGNITION SOURCES. 2. VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL OR LEAK. 3. FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, ABSORB ON PAPER TOWELS. EVAPORATE IN SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS FUME HOOD). ALLOW SUFFICIENT TIME FOR EVAPORATING VAPORS TO COMPLETELY CLEAR THE HOOD DUCTWORK. BURN PAPER IN SUITABLE LOCATION...

3. LARGE QUANTITES CAN BE COLLECTED & ATOMIZED IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER. N-PROPYL ACETATE SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER A CONFINED SPACE, SUCH AS SEWER, BECAUSE OF POSSIBILITY OF AN EXPLOSION.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

1. BY ABSORBING IT IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL & DISPOSING IN SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. 2. BY ATOMIZING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

Propyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for propyl acetate: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-PROPYL ACETATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and strong acids. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from heat. n-Propyl acetate will dissolve some plastics and resins.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

100.0 [ppm]

150 [ppm]

1300 [ppm]

8000 [ppm]

200 ppm (840 mg/m³)

250 ppm (1050 mg/m³)

TWA 200 ppm (840 mg/m3) ST 250 ppm (1050 mg/m3)

200.0 [ppm]

TWA 200 ppm (840 mg/m3) See Appendix G

1700 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

1700.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by ACGIH [1971] that a 4­hour exposure to 8,000 ppm was fatal to 4 of 6 rats [Smyth et al. 1954]. . . . Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

1700 ppm

See: 109604

150.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 200 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 250 ppm.

100 ppm as TWA; 150 ppm as STEL.

420 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

West Germany (1974): 200 ppm; East Germany (1973): 100 ppm; Czechoslovakia (1969) 100 ppm; USSR (1972): 50 ppm.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The vapour is mildly irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure far above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Propyl acetate:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

N-propyl acetate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point 58 °F. Less dense than water, Vapors are heavier than air.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless mobile liquid with a fruity, pear-raspberry odour

Colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor.

Colorless liquid

Pleasant odor

Odor of pears

Mild, fruity odor

Pleasant, bittersweet flavor reminiscent of pear on dilution.

214.9 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

101.3 °C

101.00 to 102.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

101.6 °C

101.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-139 °F (USCG, 1999)

58 °F (USCG, 1999)

55 °F (13 °C) (Closed cup)

10 °C c.c.

2 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with alcohols, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons

Soluble in carbon tetrachloride

MISCIBLE WITH CASTOR AND LINSEED OILS

In water, 1.89X10+4 mg/L at 20 °C

18.9 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 16 °C: 1.6 (poor)

miscible with alcohol, ether; soluble 1ml in 60ml water

1 ml in 1 ml 95% alcohol (in ethanol)

0.886 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8820 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Bulk density: 7.36 lb/gal

Relative density (water = 1): 0.9

0.880-0.886

0.836 @ 20°C

3.52 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5

67.21 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

35.9 [mmHg]

VP: 1 Pa at -69 °C; 10 Pa at -51 °C; 100 Pa at -29 °C; 1kPa at 0 °C; 10 kPa at 40.9 °C; 100 kPa at 101.2 °C (extrapolated)

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Highly Flammable

N-PROPYL ACETATE is an ester. It is colorless, highly flammable liquid, moderately toxic. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, or strong oxidizers. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1093].

Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis and acids.

Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

Propyl acetate

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Drowsiness.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness.

In Animals: irritation eyes, nose, throat; narcosis; dermatitis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LCLo (rat) = 8,000 ppm/4H

LD50 Guinea pig dermal >8880 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit dermal >17760 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit dermal >2000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit oral 6640 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for N-PROPYL ACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ IN MAN, CONCN OF 200 PPM CAUSE IRRITATION OF EYES AND GREATER CONCN ... /CAUSE/ IRRITATION OF NOSE AND LARYNX. AMONG WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED ... /THERE ARE REPORTS OF FEELING OF CONSTRICTION OF CHEST AND COUGHING ... REPEATED CONTACT OF LIQUID WITH SKIN MAY LEAD TO DEFATTING AND CRACKING.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ HUMAN ... EXPOSED FOR WK TO VAPOR CONCN OF 29 TO 60 MG/L OF AIR ... HAVE SHOWN CONJUNCTIVAL IRRITATION ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Overexposure to n-propyl acetate may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Severe overexposure may cause weakness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... THE LIMITING /SRP: CNS DEPRESSANT/ CONCN FOR 5-HR EXPOSURE WAS 9,000 PPM FOR CATS & 6,000 PPM FOR MICE. ... /SRP: CNS DEPRESSANT/ ACTION, RELATIVE TO THAT OF ETHYL ACETATE, WAS STATED TO BE 1.3. EXPOSURES AT 2600 PPM CAUSED SALIVATION AND EYE IRRITATION IN CATS. ... A 4-HR EXPOSURE AT 8,000 PPM WAS FATAL TO FOUR OF SIX RATS.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Cats exposed to a concn of 5300 ppm propyl acetate for 6 hr/day resulted in moderate irritation, salivation. Exposures to 7400 ppm propyl acetate for 5.5 hrs resulted in staggering within 30-45 min, deep /SRP: CNS depression/ 4.5-5.5 hr, 25% died after 5.5 hr. Exposures to 24000 ppm propyl acetate for 0.5 hr resulted in /SRP: CNS depression/ within 13-18 min and 25% died 4-days post exposure. /From table/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... CAT EXPOSED TO LETHAL CONCN SHOWED TRACHEITIS, BRONCHITIS AND FATTY CHANGES IN LIVER.

LC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1000000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C; Concentration: 511000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 60 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit 56-64 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 60 mg/L for 96 hr (Confidence limit 56-64 mg/L); Effect: Affected fish lost equilibrium prior to death /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-PROPYL ACETATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

n-Propyl acetate's production and use as flavoring agents, in perfumery, as a solvent for nitrocellulose and other cellulose derivatives, in natural and synthetic resins, lacquers, plastics, for organic synthesis, and a lab reagent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. n-Propyl acetate is found as a plant volatile in many fruits and plants and may be released naturally into the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 35.9 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-propyl acetate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.7 days. n-Propyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-propyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. n-Propyl acetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 81.0% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, n-propyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. n-Propyl acetate gave a 5- and 10-day theoretical BOD of 62% and 80%, respectively, using a settled domestic wastewater seed. When the same inoculum was added to sea water, n-propyl acetate 5- and 10-day theoretical BOD was 50% and 70%, indicating biodegradation in water is important. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 5.2 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based on hydrolysis half-lives of about 3 years, 119 days and 12 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively. Occupational exposure to n-propyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-propyl acetate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-propyl acetate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

n-Propyl acetate is found as a plant volatile in many fruits and plants(1-4).

n-Propyl acetate's production and use as flavoring agents, in perfumery, as a solvent for nitrocellulose and other cellulose derivatives, in natural and synthetic resins, lacquers, plastics, for organic synthesis, and a lab reagent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-propyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-propyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). n-Propyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A 81.0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-propyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.18X10-4(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 5.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.24(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). n-Propyl acetate gave a 5- and 10-day theoretical BOD of 62% and 80%, respectively, using a settled domestic wastewater seed(8). When the same inoculum was added to sea water, n-propyl acetate 5- and 10-day theoretical BOD was 50% and 70%(8), indicating biodegradation in water is important(SRC). Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based on hydrolysis half-lives of about 3 years, 119 days and 12 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-propyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 35.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Propyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: n-Propyl acetate gave a 5-day theoretical BOD of 62% using a settled domestic wastewater seed, the 10-day theoretical BOD was 80%(1). When the same inoculum was added to sea water, the percent theoretical BOD was 50% (5-day) and 70% (10-day)(1). n-Propyl acetate had a theoretical BOD of 72% after 20 days at 20 °C(2). n-Propyl acetate, present at 100 mg/L, reached 81.0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(3).

LC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1000000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C; Concentration: 511000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 60 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit 56-64 mg/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Concentration: 60 mg/L for 96 hr (Confidence limit 56-64 mg/L); Effect: Affected fish lost equilibrium prior to death /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-PROPYL ACETATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

n-Propyl acetate's production and use as flavoring agents, in perfumery, as a solvent for nitrocellulose and other cellulose derivatives, in natural and synthetic resins, lacquers, plastics, for organic synthesis, and a lab reagent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. n-Propyl acetate is found as a plant volatile in many fruits and plants and may be released naturally into the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 35.9 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-propyl acetate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.7 days. n-Propyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-propyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 10. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. n-Propyl acetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 81.0% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, n-propyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. n-Propyl acetate gave a 5- and 10-day theoretical BOD of 62% and 80%, respectively, using a settled domestic wastewater seed. When the same inoculum was added to sea water, n-propyl acetate 5- and 10-day theoretical BOD was 50% and 70%, indicating biodegradation in water is important. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 5.2 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based on hydrolysis half-lives of about 3 years, 119 days and 12 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively. Occupational exposure to n-propyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-propyl acetate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-propyl acetate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

n-Propyl acetate is found as a plant volatile in many fruits and plants(1-4).

n-Propyl acetate's production and use as flavoring agents, in perfumery, as a solvent for nitrocellulose and other cellulose derivatives, in natural and synthetic resins, lacquers, plastics, for organic synthesis, and a lab reagent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-propyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-propyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). n-Propyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A 81.0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-propyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.18X10-4(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 5.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.24(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). n-Propyl acetate gave a 5- and 10-day theoretical BOD of 62% and 80%, respectively, using a settled domestic wastewater seed(8). When the same inoculum was added to sea water, n-propyl acetate 5- and 10-day theoretical BOD was 50% and 70%(8), indicating biodegradation in water is important(SRC). Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based on hydrolysis half-lives of about 3 years, 119 days and 12 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-propyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 35.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-propyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.7 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Propyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: n-Propyl acetate gave a 5-day theoretical BOD of 62% using a settled domestic wastewater seed, the 10-day theoretical BOD was 80%(1). When the same inoculum was added to sea water, the percent theoretical BOD was 50% (5-day) and 70% (10-day)(1). n-Propyl acetate had a theoretical BOD of 72% after 20 days at 20 °C(2). n-Propyl acetate, present at 100 mg/L, reached 81.0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(3).

PURE CULTURE: Pure cultures of Alcaligenes faecalis, isolated from activated sludge, were found to oxidize n-propyl acetate after a short lag period(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-propyl acetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 3.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.7 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Based on an experimentally determined hydrolysis rate constant of 0.067 L/mol-sec at 25 °C(2), the hydrolysis half-lives of n-propyl acetate at pH 7, 8, and 9 are 3.3 years, 119 days, and 12 days, respectively(SRC). n-Propyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for n-propyl acetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.24(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-propyl acetate can be estimated to be 10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-propyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for n-propyl acetate is reported as 2.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-propyl acetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.2 days(SRC). n-Propyl acetate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). n-Propyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 35.9 mm Hg(3).

SURFACE WATER: n-Propyl acetate was identified, not quantified, in water samples taken from the River Lee, in the UK(1) and in 1 out of 8 rivers studied in Germany(2).

n-Propyl acetate was detected as gaseous emission from the production of RDX at the Holston Army Ammunition Plant, TN, (date not provided) at an emission rate of 1,134 lbs/day(1). n-Propyl acetate was detected in the effluent of a printing plant located in the US at a concentration of 226 pounds during a 1 month operating period(2). n-Propyl acetate was identified, not quantified, in the volatile emissions of thinning solvents(3), common garden and household waste(4-5) and a liquid wax(6). UK emissions of n-propyl acetate were reported as 0.0013% by mass distribution in 1990(7).

n-Propyl acetate was qualitatively detected in the air of the industrialized Kanawha Valley, WV, in 1977(1).

n-Propyl acetate was identified, not quantified as a component of concord grape juice essence(1), as a volatile flavor component of Beaufort cheese(2), ripening bananas(3), Kogyoke apples(4) and pork(5). n-Propyl acetate was identified as a volatile component of the blended fruit of nectarines, and also in a head-space analysis of the intact fruit(6). n-Propyl acetate was detected at a concentration of 6.5 ppb in fresh grapefruit juice(7).

n-Propyl acetate was detected in feed silage head-space samples from a large-size commercial dairy located in Yolo County, CA; corn silage 42.80 nL/L, alfalfa silage 5.81 nL/L, and high moisture ground corn 2.22 nL/L(1). n-Propyl acetate was not found in cereal silage, almond hulls or almond shells head-space samples(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of workers reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for n-propyl acetate is 1000 or greater persons; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 46,856 workers (11,660 of these were female) were potentially exposed to n-propyl acetate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-propyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-propyl acetate is produced or used(SRC). n-Propyl acetate was found in 1 air sample taken from 11 different auto paint shops in Spain at a concentration of 36.5 mg/cu m(2). n-Propyl acetate was detected in 3% of the air samples taken from printing industries in Belgium collected beginning in 1983(3). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-propyl acetate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food containing n-propyl acetate(SRC).

n-Propyl acetate was detected in 49.4% of 387 expired air samples obtained from 54 non-smoking volunteers from Chicago, IL, at a mean concentration of 2.4 ng/L(1). n-Propyl acetate was described as a normal component of expired air(2). n-Propyl acetate was detected in 4 out of 10 expired air samples taken from 8 smoking and non-smoking male volunteers from TX, at concentrations ranging from trace to 2.0 ug/hr, averaging 1.39 ug/hr for the positive samples(3).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

1. BY ABSORBING IT IN VERMICULITE, DRY SAND, EARTH OR A SIMILAR MATERIAL & DISPOSING IN SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. 2. BY ATOMIZING IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER.

Propyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for propyl acetate: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-PROPYL ACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1276; N-PROPYL ACETATE

IMO 3.2; N-PROPYL ACETATE

49 092 68; n-Propyl acetate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F, Xi; R: 11-36-66-67; S: (2)-16-26-29-33

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II