Butyl Chloride

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H412 (14.5%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 816 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P318, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

To fight fire: Foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemial or carbon dioxide.

If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame-consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

If material /is/ not on fire and not involved in /a/ fire keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from incompatible materials. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. See Chemical Dangers.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

5.2 [ppm]

57 [ppm]

340 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C , especially on spraying.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system.

Approved respirator, chemical safety goggles, rubber gloves, other protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Butyl chloride appears as a water white liquid with a sharp odor. Flash point 20 °F. Boiling point 77-78 °C (173 °F). Density 7.5 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used in the manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals.

Colorless liquid; [Hawley]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

COLORLESS LIQ

Unpleasant

173.3 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

78.5 °C @ 760 mm Hg

77-79 °C

78.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-189.6 °F (NTP, 1992)

-123.1 °C

20 °F (NTP, 1992)

15 °F (-9 °C) (Closed Cup)

less than 1 mg/mL at 59 °F (NTP, 1992)

PRACTICALLY INSOL IN WATER (0.066% @ 12 °C); MISCIBLE WITH ALC, ETHER

Solubility in water, g/l at 25 °C: 0.87 (practically insoluble)

0.8862 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.88098 @ 25 °C/4 °C; 0.89197 @ 15 °C/4 °C; 0.88648 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.89 (20 °C)

0.892 @ 15°C

3.2 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.2 (air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.2

40 mmHg at 41 °F ; 80.1 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

101.0 [mmHg]

80.1 MM HG @ 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 11

80.1 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow= 2.39

860 °F (USCG, 1999)

860 °F (460 °C)

Dangerous; when heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene.

0.0045 POISE @ 20 °C

0.45 mPa*s at 20 °C

30.39 KJ/mol

Odor Threshold Low: 0.93 [ppm]

Odor Threshold High: 1.64 [ppm]

Odor threshold from CHEMINFO

Odor low: 3.3352 mg/cu m; Odor high: 6.3293 mg/cu m

Index of refraction: 1.40223 @ 20 °C/D

Highly flammable. May react with atmospheric moisture over prolonged periods of exposure. Slightly soluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

BUTYL CHLORIDE is incompatible with oxidizing agents and strong bases. Reacts with aluminum powder, magnesium, liquid oxygen, potassium and sodium (NTP, 1992). Emits phosgene gas when heated to decomposition. May be sensitive to heat.

1-Chlorobutane

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on no human carcinogenicity data and inadequate animal data. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate.

N-Butyl Chloride

TR-312: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of n-Butyl Chloride (CASRN 109-69-3) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) (1986 )

08/14/85

No Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity of n-butyl chloride for male and female F344/N rats at daily doses of 60 or 120mg/kg, for male B6C3F1 mice at doses of 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg, or for female B6C3F1 mice at doses of 250 or 500 mg/kg. Chemical-induced toxicity in high dose rats (primarily females) reduced the sensitivity of the study for determining carcinogenicity.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Drowsiness.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness.

See Inhalation.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

4 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

7 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

PPRTV Current

LCLo (rat) = 8,000 ppm/4h

LD50 Rat oral 2.67 g/kg

TOXIC ON PROLONGED INHALATION.

WEAKER CENTRAL NERVOUS DEPRESSANT ACTIONS THAN ETHYL CHLORIDE.

NO INCR IN INCIDENCE OF LUNG TUMOR WAS OBSERVED AFTER IP TREATMENT WITH ETHYL BROMIDE, ETHYL IODIDE, & BUTYL CHLORIDE.

Minimum autosensitizing doses of butyl chloride following 30 daily oral administrations to rats was 0.0022 mg/kg.

A closed, inert containment system was used to measure the mutagenicity of haloalkane solvents. This system allowed the avoidance of false negative results that could be caused by vaporization of the solvent and produced mutagenicity data in units of revertants/nmole. Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 1535 was the most efficient detector strain; 1-chlorobutane was negative for mutagenicity.

n-Butyl chloride was evaluated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay using the standard protocol approved by the National Toxicology Program. n-Butyl chloride was tested at doses of 0, 10, 33, 100, 333, and 666 ug/plate in four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537) in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced rat and hamster liver S9. n-Butyl chloride was negative in these tests and the highest ineffective dose level tested in any Salmonella tester strain was 666 ug/plate.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for N-BUTYL CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=109-69-3]

... Carcinogenesis studies of n-butyl chloride (greater than 99.5% pure) ... was conducted by exposing groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice to n-butyl chloride in corn oil by gavage for ... 2 yr. ... The 2 yr toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of n-butyl chloride were conducted by administering doses of 0, 60, or 120 mg/kg in corn oil by gavage to groups of 50 male and 50 female rats and doses of 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg to groups of 50 male and 50 female mice. ... Pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland occurred at a marginally increased incidence in low dose female rats (1/50; 6/50; 1/49). Hyperplasia was observed in 3/50 vehicle controls, 7/50 low dose females, and 4/49 high dose females. The incidence of pheochromocytomas was low, not dose related, and not seen in male rats, and thus it was not considered to be cmpd related. ... An increased incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas or carcinomas (combined) was observed in the 500 mg/kg/group of female mice (3/50 vs 9/50), but little effect was seen in the 250 mg/kg group (6/50 vs 8/50). ... An increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas (combined) was observed in the 500 mg/kg group of female mice (3/50 vs 8/50) but not in the 250 mg/kg (9/50 vs 7/50). ... Under the conditions of these 2 yr gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity of n-butyl chloride for male and female F344/N rats at daily doses of 60 or 120 mg/kg, for male B6C3F1 mice at doses of 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg, or for female B6C3F1 mice at doses of 250 or 500 mg/kg. Chemical-induced toxicity in high dose rats (primarily females) reduced the sensitivity of the study for determining carcinogenicity.

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 97 ppm/7 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

3.10e+03

4.70e+04

6.40e+02

1.00e+02

2.60e-01

4.00e-02

Volatile

7.28e+02

9.40e+03

1.40e+05

1.90e+03

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 97 ppm/7 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

3.10e+03

4.70e+04

6.40e+02

1.00e+02

2.60e-01

4.00e-02

Volatile

7.28e+02

9.40e+03

1.40e+05

1.90e+03

Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain.

Environmental emissions of n-butyl chloride arise from process and fugitive emissions and waste water from its production and use as an alkylating agent and evaporation from its use as a solvent. There is also evidence that it may be formed during chlorination of waste water. n-Butyl chloride has a high vapor pressure and Henry's Law constant. In addition it has a low adsorptivity to soil. Therefore releases to the land or water will partition, to a large extent, to the atmosphere. Limited data suggests that biodegradation is slow. It's rate of hydrolysis is unknown and estimates of its rate from analogous compounds indicate that hydrolysis could not compete with volatilization as a fate process except in groundwater. If released in surface water, the volatilization half-life in a model river and pond are estimated to be 2.9 hr and 34 hr, respectively. In the atmosphere, n-butyl chloride will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere with a half-life of 7.0 days. Human exposure will be primarily occupational by inhalation and dermal contact. (SRC)

n-Butyl chloride is used as a solvent, an alkylating agent, and an antihelmintic medicine(2). It may be released to the environment in emissions or wastewater related to its manufacture and these uses. n-Butyl chloride was formed during the chlorination of leachate obtained from a simulated landfill used to study the codisposal of metal plating sludge with municipal solid waste(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: n-Butyl chloride has a very high vapor pressure, 100 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), indicating that volatilization from soil will be rapid and a primary removal process. It has an estimated low adsorptivity to soil (Koc = 93-102)(1-2) and therefore would be mobile in soil. Biodegradation in soil is unknown(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released in water, n-butyl chloride will be lost rapidly by volatilization. Its estimated volatilization half-life in a model river and pond are 2.9 hr(1-2) and 34 hr(3), respectively. In groundwater, where volatilization may not occur, n-butyl chloride may be lost by hydrolysis. Based upon hydrolysis rates for alkyl chlorides, the half-life is estimated to be between 6 hr and 38 days at neutral pH(4). The half-life at higher pHs will be shorter. Photodegradation, adsorption to sediment, and bioconcentration in fish are not important aquatic fate processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: n-Butyl chloride will degrade via reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere. The half-life of n-butyl chloride in the atmosphere is estimated to be 7.0 days(1). n-Butyl chloride does not absorb radiation >290 nm and therefore it will not directly photolyze(2). Due to its water solubility, 1100 mg/l(3), washout by rain should occur. However, n-butyl chloride removed in this manner will revolatilize into the atmosphere(SRC).

Maximum permissible concentrations in open waters are 0.004 mg/l.

Microbial enzymes and pure cultures have been reported that are capable of degrading n-butyl chloride under aerobic conditions(2). Limited data from screening studies suggest that n-butyl chloride biodegrades slowly under aerobic conditions. When incubated with activated sludges from 3 municipal treatment plants, 2.6% of the n-butyl chloride (500 mg/l) was oxidized after 24 hr(1). At the concentration used, n-butyl chloride was toxic to 1 of the 3 sludges(1). Another screening test using sewage seed and much lower concentrations of n-butyl chloride (1 ppm) resulted in 10% of the theoretical BOD being consumed in 1.4 days(3).

Alkyl halides hydrolyze in water by neutral and base catalyzed reactions to give the corresponding alcohols; no acid catalyzed processes have been reported(2). No rate for neutral hydrolysis of n-butyl chloride is available. Based on extrapolations of hydrolysis rates of analogous compounds determined at higher temperatures and generalizations concerning the relative reactivity of analogs, the hydrolysis half-life of n-butyl chloride at 25 °C is estimated to lie in the range of 6 hr to 38 days(2). In the atmosphere, n-butyl chloride will react with photchemically produced hydroxyl radicals by H-atom extraction. The estimated rate of reaction is 2.29X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec(3). Assuming a hydroxyl radical concentration of 5X10+5 per cu cm, the half-life of n-butyl chloride in the atmosphere is 7.0 days. n-Butyl chloride does not absorb radiation >290 nm and therefore it will not directly photolyze(4). The half-life of n-butyl chloride in an eutrophic lake due to the photochemical production of hydroxyl radicals in full summer noon sunlight is 1000 hr(1). Therefore, this reaction would not be a significant degradation route for n-butyl chloride in surface waters(SRC).

Using the log octanol/water partition coefficient for n-butyl chloride, 2.64(1), one estimates a BCF of 60 using a recommended regression equation(2,SRC). Therefore, n-butyl chloride will not bioconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms(2)

Using the water solubility for n-butyl chloride, 1100 mg/l(1), the Koc can be estimated to be 93 and 102 using two recommended regression equations(2,SRC). These estimates indicate that n-butyl chloride will have high mobility in soil(3).

Based on a Henry's Law constant of 0.0167 atm-cu m/mol(1), the volatilization of n-butyl chloride from a model river 1 m deep, flowing at 1 m/sec with a 3 m/sec wind is 2.9 hr(2). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is 34 hr(3). Due to its high vapor pressure and Henry's Law constant and low adsorptivity to soil, n-butyl chloride should volatilize rapidly from dry and moist soils(SRC).

In a study of 63 industrial effluents that discharge into surface waters, chlorobutane was found in one effluent at a concentration of <10 ug/l(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: n-Butyl chloride was identified, but not quantified, in one of 10 samples of ambient air in the Kanawna Valley, WV(1). Various locations were sampled during three trips.

Exposure to n-butyl chloride is primarily in the workplace. Probable routes occupational exposure are inhalation and dermal contact. (SRC)

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,201 workers are exposed to n-butyl chloride in the USA(1).

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-BUTYL CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1127; Butyl chloride

IMO 3.2; Butyl chloride

49 081 15; Butyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Marine pollutant.

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II