1-Bromo-3-chloropropane

H226 (28.6%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302 (99.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (11.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (11.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (74.1%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (24.9%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (45.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341 (35.4%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H412 (68.8%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 189 reports by companies from 26 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Small Spill

· Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

AVOID INHALATION OF FUMES.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system and liver. This may result in impaired functions.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 159 [Substances (Irritating)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 57 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

1-bromo-3-chloropropane appears as a colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and denser than water. May be toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Used to make pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.

Colorless liquid; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

COLORLESS LIQUID

143.3 °C @ 760 MM HG

143.3 °C

-58.90 °C

-58.9 °C

Very sol in alc, ether, chloroform

SOL IN METHANOL

Soluble in oxygenated and chlorinated solvents.

In water = 2240 mg/l at 25 °C.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.224

1.5969 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.6

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.4

6.38 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 0.85

Log P = 2.18

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4864 @ 20 °C/D

LB/GAL: 13.27 @ 25 °C

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Excess enthalpy

Fusion temperature

Heat of solution

Heat of sublimation

Internuclear distance

Melting temperature

Mixing enthalpy

Molecular structure

Optical coefficient

Phase transition

Point group

Refractive index

Transition enthalpy

Vapor pressure

Other Classes -> Halogenated Aliphatics, Saturated

Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as 1-BROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 125: (2020) Some Industrial Chemical Intermediates and Solvents

2020 online

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

Tremor. Drowsiness.

See Inhalation.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

LC50 (rat) = 5,668 mg/m3

Mortality rates in workers exposed to brominated chemicals in manufacturing research facilities from 1935 to 1976 were investigated epidemiologically. These workers were potentially exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, polybrominated biphenyls, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, trimethylene chlorobromide, and DDT as well as various organic and inorganic bromides. Data was collected from personnel records and death certificates. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated for comparison against rates for American white males. In all, 2,806 male workers were identified as living, 578 workers were identified as deceased. Almost half of the cohort had worked less than 6 mo. The average term of employment was 3 yr 9 mo. Overall, the standardized mortality ratio for workers was lower than that of American white males. Deaths from diabetes mellitus occurred more frequently in these workers, with rates more than twice the number expected. Overall cancer death rates were comparable among the workers and the comparison population. Stomach cancer rates were lower among workers than expected; otherwise, differences in site specific cancer deaths were not statistically significant. The workers showed lower than expected death rates for diseases of the circulatory and digestive systems and pneumonia. There was no incr trend in mortality with length of employment. /Results indicate/ that this study has identified a number of potential health problems and should be continued with a longer observation period to establish mortality trends.

A historical prospective mortality study was conducted for 3579 white male workers employed between 1935 and 1976 at four Vesicol Chemical Corporation facilities. The members of the study cohort were potentially exposed to brominated compounds including 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, trimethylene chlorobromide. Some were exposed to DDT, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and others to radiation from rare earths process. Overall mortality was lower than expected, particularly in diseases of the circulatory system, nonmalignant respiratory diseases and diseases of the digestive system. No significant overall or cause specific mortality excess was noted among those potentially exposed to either TRIS or DDT. No cancer death was noted among the rare earth employees. Mortality from diabetes mellitus was significantly elevated among the maintenance workers hired in the early 1940's. A significant mortality excess due to diseases of the circulatory system was observed among workers potentially exposed to DBCP and or rare earth process. Mortality from testicular cancer was significantly higher in those exposed to organic bromides. The common potential exposure of the testicular cancer decedents was methyl bromide. A number of other cause specific mortality excesses were also noted.

Toxicity of 1-chloro-3-bromopropane (CBP) with respect to testicular changes was evaluated in male albino Wistar rats (10/treated group, 20 in arachis oil vehicle control group) exposed orally to CBP by gavage at dosage levels of 40 or 160 mg/kg/day for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sent for pathological examination. Significant differences between treated and control animals were not observed at any dose level. No significant differences between treated and control animals were observed in the following: body weights, body weight gain, testes weights, morphology, or detailed macroscopic and microscopic examination of the kidneys, testes, epididymides, ductuli efferentes, and vasa deferentes.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane's production and use in organic syntheses and in the production of pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere, based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 18 days. An estimated Koc value of 63 suggests that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces may be significant given the vapor pressure of this compound. Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation in soil and water; 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days. In water, 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is not expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on its Koc value. This compound should volatilize from water surfaces given its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 hours and 6 days, respectively. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms should be low based on an estimated BCF value of 27. The general population may be exposed to 1-bromo-3-chloropropane via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with vapors and products containing 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is produced or used. (SRC)

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane's production and use in organic syntheses and in the production of pharmaceuticals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 63(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3,SRC), indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is expected based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg(5,SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 63(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(1,SRC), indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane should volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 hours and 6 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 27(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(4), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 18 days(3,SRC).

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 27 was calculated for 1-bromo-3-chloropropane(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.18(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is estimated as approximately 63(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 2240 mg/l at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane has high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is estimated as 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 8 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 6 days(2,SRC). 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane's values for vapor pressure, 6.4 mm Hg(3,SRC) and Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Source-dominated air samples contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at a median concentration of 2 parts/trillion(1). Air samples collected from a geographic area associated with the bromine industry in Arkansas contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at unreported concentrations(2). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Ethyl Corporation, Magnolia, AK in July 1977 ranged from trace levels to 1,688 ng/cu m(3). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Great Lakes Corporation and the Michigan Chemical Corporation in El Dorado, AK in July 1977 ranged from not detected to trace levels and trace to 63 ng/cu m, respectively(3).

The general population may be exposed to 1-bromo-3-chloropropane via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with vapors and products containing 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is produced or used. (SRC)

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane's production and use in organic syntheses and in the production of pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere, based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 18 days. An estimated Koc value of 63 suggests that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces may be significant given the vapor pressure of this compound. Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation in soil and water; 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days. In water, 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is not expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on its Koc value. This compound should volatilize from water surfaces given its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 hours and 6 days, respectively. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms should be low based on an estimated BCF value of 27. The general population may be exposed to 1-bromo-3-chloropropane via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with vapors and products containing 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is produced or used. (SRC)

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane's production and use in organic syntheses and in the production of pharmaceuticals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 63(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3,SRC), indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is expected based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg(5,SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 63(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(1,SRC), indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane should volatilize from water surfaces(1,SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 hours and 6 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 27(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(4), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound is expected to be resistant to aerobic biodegradation(SRC); 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-bromo-3-chloropropane, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 6.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 18 days(3,SRC).

1-Bromo-3-chloropropane, inoculated with effluent from a biological waste treatment plant, reached 3% of the theoretical BOD in 5 days(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 27 was calculated for 1-bromo-3-chloropropane(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 2.18(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is estimated as approximately 63(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 2240 mg/l at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane has high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is estimated as 2.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that 1-bromo-3-chloropropane will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 8 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 6 days(2,SRC). 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane's values for vapor pressure, 6.4 mm Hg(3,SRC) and Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Source-dominated air samples contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at a median concentration of 2 parts/trillion(1). Air samples collected from a geographic area associated with the bromine industry in Arkansas contained 1-bromo-3-chloropropane at unreported concentrations(2). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Ethyl Corporation, Magnolia, AK in July 1977 ranged from trace levels to 1,688 ng/cu m(3). Ambient concentrations of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane in air surrounding the Great Lakes Corporation and the Michigan Chemical Corporation in El Dorado, AK in July 1977 ranged from not detected to trace levels and trace to 63 ng/cu m, respectively(3).

The general population may be exposed to 1-bromo-3-chloropropane via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with vapors and products containing 1-bromo-3-chloropropane. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact at workplaces where 1-bromo-3-chloropropane is produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 159: SUBSTANCES (Irritating)/ Fire or Explosion: Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated.

/GUIDE 159: SUBSTANCES (Irritating)/ Health: Inhalation of vapors or dust is extremely irritating. May cause burning of eyes and flow of tears. May cause coughing, difficult breathing and nausea. Brief exposure effects last only a few minutes. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 159: SUBSTANCES (Irritating)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 159: SUBSTANCES (Irritating)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-BROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2688; 1-Chloro-3-bromopropane

IMO 6.1; 1-Chloro-3-bromopropane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III