Butanethiol

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (98.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319 (93.3%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (98.3%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1734 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Butyl mercaptan:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Alcohol foam. Water may be ineffective.

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

If n-butyl mercaptan is spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities of liquids contaning n-butyl mercaptan, absorb on paper towels and place in an appropriate container. Place towels in a safe place such as a fume hood for evaporation. Allow sufficient time for evaporation of the vapors so that the the hood ductwork is free from n-butyl mercaptan vapors. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. 4. Large quantities of liquids containing n-butyl mercaptan may be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and placed in an appropriate container. n-Butyl mercaptan should not be allowed to enter a confined space such as a sewer because of the possibility of an explosion. 5. Liquids containing n-butyl mercaptan may be collected by vacuuming with an appropriate system. If a vacuum system is used, there should be no sources of ignition in the vicinity of the spill, and flashback prevention devices should be provided.

Evacuate danger area! Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Ethyl mercaptan is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration (2,000 °F) followed by scrubbing with a caustic solution. /Ethyl mercaptan/

Incineration ...: Incinerate scrap material under controlled conditions using afterburner and a scrubber to neutralize sulfur dioxide ... . /Ethyl mercaptan/

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. /Mmethyl mercaptan/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.

Clothing which is contaminated with n-butyl mercaptan should be removed immediately and placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of n-butyl mercaptan from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or cleaned, the person performing the operation should be informed of n-butyl mercaptan's hazardous properties.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1-BUTYL MERCAPTAN (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and acids.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids.

... Acids should not be stored in close proximity to /butyl mercaptan/.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.5 [ppm]

1.5 [ppm]

50 [ppm]

2500 [ppm]

0.5 ppm (1.8 mg/m³) [15 minutes]

C 0.5 ppm (1.8 mg/m3) [15-minute]

10.0 [ppm]

10 ppm (35 mg/m³)

TWA 10 ppm (35 mg/m3) See Appendix G

500 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

500.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Accidental exposure for 1 hour to an estimated concentration of 50 to 500 ppm has been reported to cause muscular weakness, malaise, sweating, nausea, vomiting, headache, and confusion [Gobbato and Terribile 1968].

See: 109795

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

0.5 ppm as TWA.

3.7 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Austria TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/cu m)

Denmark TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/cu m)

Finland TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/cu m); STEL 1.5 ppm (4.5 mg/cu m)

France TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/cu m)

For more Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-BUTYL MERCAPTAN (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the thyroid. Exposure far above the OEL could cause effects on the nervous system and lowering of consciousness.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Butyl mercaptan:

Butyl mercaptan appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a strong skunk-like odor. Flash point in range -18 to 43 °F. Less dense than water and slightly soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Colorless liquid with a strong, garlic-, cabbage-, or skunk-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless to pale yellow liquid with garlic or skunk-like odour

Colorless liquid with a strong, garlic-, cabbage-, or skunk-like odor.

Colorless liquid

Mobile liquid

Strong, obnoxious odor

Heavy skunk odor

Strong, garlic-, cabbage-, or skunk like odor.

BITTER TASTE AT LOW LEVELS

229.3 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

97.2 - 101.7 °C

Forms azeotropic mixture with butyl alcohol (bp: 97.8 °C; 85.16% butanethiol) & with butyl alcohol and water; mobile

98.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

97-98.4 °C

98.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-176.2 °F (USCG, 1999)

-115.9 °C

176.2 °F

-115.7 °C

55 °F (USCG, 1999)

35 °F (2 °C) (Closed cup)

2 °C c.c.

0.06 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Slightly soluble in chloroform

Very soluble in alcohol, ether, liquid hydrogen sulfide

In water, 595 mg/L at 25 °C

0.597 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.06

0.6 g in 100 ml water; slightly soluble in oils

1 ml in 1 ml 95% alcohol (in ethanol)

0.841 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.83679 at 25 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.83

0.842-0.847

0.8416 @ 20°C

3.1 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.1

35 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Sulfides, Organic

Highly Flammable

BUTYL MERCAPTAN is incompatible with acids, diazo and azo compounds, halocarbons, isocyanates, aldehydes, alkali metals, nitrides, hydrides, and other strong reducing agents. Reactions with these materials generate heat and in many cases hydrogen gas. May liberate hydrogen sulfide upon decomposition or reaction with an acid. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents (USCG, 1999).

Strong oxidizers (such as dry bleaches), acids.

Incompatible /with/: Acid, acid fumes oxidizing materials, heat, flame, sparks.

Reacts violently with HNO3

Strong oxidizers (such as dry bleaches), acids

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Weakness. Confusion. Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin; muscle weak, malaise (vague feeling of discomfort), sweating, nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion; In Animals: narcosis, incoordination, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); cyanosis, pulmonary irritation; liver, kidney damage

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

LC50 (rat) = 4,020 ppm/4H

LD50 Mouse oral 3000 mg/kg

LC50 Mouse inhalation 2500 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation 4020 ppm/4 hr

LD50 Rat ip 679 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 1-BUTYL MERCAPTAN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... We tested whether propanol, butanol, propanethiol, and butanethiol enhance the effect of glycine on alpha1 glycine receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes in a manner that reflects the in vivo differences found for potencies /was tested/. As anticipated, we found an immediate parallel between in vivo (rat minimum alveolar concentration of anesthetic required to eliminate movement in response to a noxious stimulus in 50% of subjects) and in vitro (recombinant receptor) effects. All four compounds enhanced the effect of glycine on wild type receptors, and the extent of enhancement for a given minimum alveolar concentration-multiple was approximately the same for all compounds. We also found that propanethiol, butanethiol, propanol, and butanol did not affect, or minimally affected, the action of glycine in anesthetic resistant mutants in which the amino acid serine at position 267 was replaced by glutamine [alpha1(S267Q)]. The in vivo potencies of propanethiol, butanethiol, propanol, and butanol correlate with their capacities to enhance the effect of glycine on alpha1 glycine receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 m1/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

Prior to placing a worker in a job with a potential for exposure to n-butyl mercaptan, the physician should evaluate and document the worker's baseline health status with thorough medical, environmental, and occupational histories, a physical examination, and physiologic and laboratory tests appropriate for the anticipated occupational risk. These should concentrate on the function and integrity of the nervous and respiratory systems. Medical surveillance for respiratory disease should be conducted by using the principles and methods recommended by NIOSH and the American Thoracic Society (ATS). A preplacement medical evaluation is recommended in order to detect and assess preexisting or concurrent conditions which may be aggravated or result in increased risk when a worker is exposed to n-butyl mercaptan at or below the NIOSH REL. The examining physician should consider the probable frequency, intensity, and duration of exposure, as well as the nature and degree of the condition, in placing such a worker. Such conditions, which should not be regarded as absolute contraindications to job placement, include chronic diseases of the respiratory system.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Strong, offensive smell of mercaptans can cause headache and nausea. High concentration of their vapors in atmosphere can produce unconsciousness with cyanosis, a sense of coldness at the extremities and quickening of pulse. ... Pulmonary edema /is also observed/. /Mercaptans/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In general ... /mercaptans cause/ muscular weakness, convulsions and respiratory paralysis. High concentrations may cause pulmonary irritation. /Mercaptans, alkyl/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In the manufacture of rubber, irritant contact dermatitis may occur from a variety of acids, alkalies, detergents, and solvents used in the process. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs not infrequently and is almost always due to an organic accelerator or antioxidant. While the list of potential sensitizing accelerators and antioxidants is enormous, common allergens include tetramethylthiuram disulfide, mercaptobenzothiazole, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, n-isopropyl-n-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD) analogs, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, diethylthiourea, and other related thiurams, mercapto compounds, p-phenylenediamine analogs, carbamates, naphthyl compounds, and thioureas. /Mercapto compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin; muscle weakness, malaise, sweating, nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-BUTYL MERCAPTAN (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The inhalation lethal concentration 50 levels for 4-hour exposures of mice and rats were 2500 and 4020 ppm, respectively. Effects were irritation of the mucous membranes, increased respiration, and central nervous system depressant effects, eg, incoordination, staggering gate, weakness, partial skeletal muscle paralysis beginning in the hind limbs, light to severe cyanosis, and mild to heavy sedation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A single 500 mg/kg dose of butyl mercaptan was administered to groups of five 12-month-old laying hens. One day after administration, the hens exhibited weakness, which progressed to unsteadiness and inability to stand by the 3rd day and to a pale comb 18-24 hr after dosing, which changed to a dark color at 48 hr. Heinz bodies and extensive erythrocyte deformation and lysis were observed in blood smears taken at 24 and 48 hr. Hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, erythrocytes, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were significantly lower than controls, and methemoglobin was significantly higher. As the clinical condition of these hens improved, these hematologic changes disappeared. Butyl mercaptan initially caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity, which was returned to normal by the end of the 28-day experiment. Butyl mercaptan did not affect plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Liquid /n-butyl mercaptan/ caused slight to moderate irritation to the eyes of rabbits. No dermal changes were observed when 0.2 mL of a 20% solution was applied to the clipped skin of guinea pigs for 10 days

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /In rabbits/... iridial irritation was noted during the first 24 hr and moderate to slight conjunctival irritation through 72 hr.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-BUTYL MERCAPTAN (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae; growth inhibition) 1068.3-5478.24 mg/L/96 hr; static

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) 1100-3600 mg/L/96 hr; static /formulated product/

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus 7.4 mg/L/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus 5.5 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In 21-day studies, concentrations greater than 80 mg/L caused significant and persistent increases in methemoglobin in the catfish starting on day 2. The concentration in water that can cause tainting of fish and other aquatic organisms is 60 mg/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Indicators of free-radical or oxidant mediated responses were quantified in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus exposed to the organophosphorus herbicide DEF and its metabolite, n-butyl mercaptan. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase did not vary significantly with toxicant or dose. The concentration of reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde did not vary significantly with toxicant or dose. The percentage of methemoglobin increased in the n-butyl mercaptan exposed fish with dose, up to 16.5% of total hemoglobin. The DEF exposed catfish had no significant increases in methemoglobin compared to controls.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

1-Butyl mercaptan's production and use as a chemical intermediate and solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a deer repellant for foliage and odorant will result in its direct release to the environment. Mercaptans are produced by natural microbial processes and are found in emissions from animal wastes. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 45.5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-butyl mercaptan will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-butyl mercaptan will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 hours. 1-Butyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1-butyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 410. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Butyl mercaptan may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, 1-butyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 11 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1-butyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-butyl mercaptan is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-butyl mercaptan via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of commercial defoliant spraying operations using DEF and where it is used as an odorant and dermal contact with products containing 1-butyl mercaptan. (SRC)

Mercaptans are produced by natural microbial processes and are found in emissions from animal wastes(1), and specifically hog pens(2).

1-Butyl mercaptan's production and use as a chemical intermediate and solvent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a deer repellant for foliage(2) and odorant(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae; growth inhibition) 1068.3-5478.24 mg/L/96 hr; static

LC50 Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) 1100-3600 mg/L/96 hr; static /formulated product/

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus 7.4 mg/L/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Lepomis macrochirus 5.5 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In 21-day studies, concentrations greater than 80 mg/L caused significant and persistent increases in methemoglobin in the catfish starting on day 2. The concentration in water that can cause tainting of fish and other aquatic organisms is 60 mg/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Indicators of free-radical or oxidant mediated responses were quantified in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus exposed to the organophosphorus herbicide DEF and its metabolite, n-butyl mercaptan. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase did not vary significantly with toxicant or dose. The concentration of reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde did not vary significantly with toxicant or dose. The percentage of methemoglobin increased in the n-butyl mercaptan exposed fish with dose, up to 16.5% of total hemoglobin. The DEF exposed catfish had no significant increases in methemoglobin compared to controls.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

1-Butyl mercaptan's production and use as a chemical intermediate and solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a deer repellant for foliage and odorant will result in its direct release to the environment. Mercaptans are produced by natural microbial processes and are found in emissions from animal wastes. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 45.5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-butyl mercaptan will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-butyl mercaptan will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 hours. 1-Butyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1-butyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 410. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Butyl mercaptan may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, 1-butyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 11 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1-butyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-butyl mercaptan is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-butyl mercaptan via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of commercial defoliant spraying operations using DEF and where it is used as an odorant and dermal contact with products containing 1-butyl mercaptan. (SRC)

Mercaptans are produced by natural microbial processes and are found in emissions from animal wastes(1), and specifically hog pens(2).

1-Butyl mercaptan's production and use as a chemical intermediate and solvent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a deer repellant for foliage(2) and odorant(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 410(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.28(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-butyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-butyl mercaptan from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). 1-Butyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 45.5 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 410(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.28(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-butyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005), however an anaerobic lysimeter study of a contaminated dump aquifer in Germany showed a decrease in 1-butyl mercaptan concentration within 5 m of source input(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-butyl mercaptan, which has a vapor pressure of 45.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-butyl mercaptan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Butyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Little information is available in the literature on the biodegradation of 1-butyl mercaptan. Alcaligenes faecalis, a microorganism identified as a member of activated sludge flora, oxidizes 1-butyl mercaptan and other low molecular weight mercaptans(1).

ANEROBIC: A lysimeter study of a German contaminated dump aquifer supplied with anaerobic leachate water showed a decrease in 1-butyl mercaptan detection within 5 m of the source input(1). The COD decrease from 500 mg/L to 150 mg/L was attributed to microbial processes and adsorption(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-butyl mercaptan with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 5.10X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Butyl mercaptan is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 1-Butyl mercaptan does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated for 1-butyl mercaptan(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.28(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of 1-butyl mercaptan is estimated as 410(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.28(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-butyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-butyl mercaptan is 4.54X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-butyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). 1-Butyl mercaptan's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1-Butyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 45.5 mm Hg(3).

1-Butyl mercaptan was not detected in landfill gas or sewage gas samples from an unspecified source(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 1-Butyl mercaptan is either an impurity or conversion product in the defoliant DEF and concentrations of 3.92 and 0.95 parts/trillion of n-butyl mercaptan were detected 50 m outside a field during and 24 hr after commercial spraying with 2.2 kg/ha DEF, respectively(1). The maximum 1-butyl mercaptan residues resulting from the operation was 45.1 parts/trillion measured 100 m north of the field, 24 hr posttreatment(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 106 workers (3 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-butyl mercaptan in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-butyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-butyl mercaptan is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-butyl mercaptan via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of commercial defoliant spraying operations using DEF(2) and where it is used as an odorant(3) and dermal contact with products containing 1-butyl mercaptan(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Ethyl mercaptan is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration (2,000 °F) followed by scrubbing with a caustic solution. /Ethyl mercaptan/

Incineration ...: Incinerate scrap material under controlled conditions using afterburner and a scrubber to neutralize sulfur dioxide ... . /Ethyl mercaptan/

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. /Mmethyl mercaptan/

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-BUTYL MERCAPTAN (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2347; Butyl mercaptan

IMO 3.2; Butyl mercaptan

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Marine pollutant.

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II