di-tert-butyl peroxide

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H242: Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P234, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P318, P370+P378, P403, P403+P235, P405, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H242 (> 99.9%): Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H319 (35.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H334 (14.1%): May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

H341 (62.5%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H412 (11.3%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P234, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P284, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P337+P317, P342+P316, P370+P378, P403, P403+P235, P405, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1252 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P234, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P318, P370+P378, P403, P403+P235, P405, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P280, P318, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P234, P235, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403, P403+P235, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]:

SMALL FIRE: Water spray or fog is preferred; if water not available use dry chemical, CO2 or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Use water spray or fog; avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Warning: Water may not work to fight fire.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet) in all directions.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do not wash away into sewer. Do not absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 145 [Organic Peroxides (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Keep substance wet using water spray. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Cool. Well closed.

Store in original container. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C. Storage class (TRGS 510): Organic peroxides and self-reacting hazardous materials.

2.7 [ppm]

30 [ppm]

180 [ppm]

Maximum Allowable concn (MAC) USSR 100 mg/cu m

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Protective gloves. Wear safety spectacles.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with flammables. NO contact with contaminants. NO contact with hot surfaces. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a clear colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992)

CBI; Liquid

Clear, water-white or yellow liquid; Insoluble in water; [HSDB] Faintly yellow clear liquid; Insoluble in water; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Clear, water-white liquid

Liquid at 20 °C

Yellow liquid

232 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

111 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-40 °F (NTP, 1992)

MP: -29 °C

65 °F (NTP, 1992)

1 °C (34 °F) - closed cup

65 °F (18 °C) - open cup

12 °C - closed cup

12 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 100 mg/L at 25 °C

In water, 1.71 mg/L at 20 °C, pH 8.1

Insoluble in water

Soluble in styrene, ketones, most aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

For more Solubility (Complete) data for Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Solubility in water: none

0.704 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7910 at 25 °C/25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.791 @25 °C

5.03 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5

19.51 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

25.1 [mmHg]

25.1 mm Hg at 25 °C /calculated from experimentally derived coefficients/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2.6

25.1 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 3.2 at 22 °C, pH 7.2

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Decomposes at 111 °C. This increases fire hazard.

Thermal decomposition is exothermic and self-ignition may result, especially if oxygen is present. Though the heat of exothermic decomposition (1.32 kJ/g) is not exceptionally high, the weakness of the peroxide link tends to ready decomposition, and the energy release, coupled with the high volume of gaseous products (7.6 mol) at the adiabatic maximum of 550 °C would give a 21-fold pressure increase in a closed vessel.

111 °C. This increases fire hazard. The substance is a strong oxidant. It reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials.

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Peroxides, Organic

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides. Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides. It is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in its class [Bretherick 2nd ed., p 44 1979].

Incompatible materials: Strong reducing agents, powdered metals, strong bases.

Strong oxidizer, may ignite organic materials or explode when shocked or in contact with reducing materials.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide is a liquid. It is used as a polymerization catalyst for resins, including olefins, styrene, styrenated alkyds, and silicones. It is also used as an ignition accelerator for diesel fuel, and an organic synthesis intermediate. HUMAN STUDIES: Workers engaged in the production of organic peroxides suffered from grippe, angina, acute respiratory diseases, and pneumonia. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tumorigenic response after exposure of di-tert-butyl peroxide at a single dose of 100 umol to 50 mice consisted of 7 animals with malignant lymphomas and 1 animal with pulmonary adenomas out of 35 survivors. Di-t-butyl peroxide, which was essentially inactive in short-term in vitro promotion assays, was also totally inactive in promoting papillomas or carcinomas in initiated skin. Chromosome breakage has been detected using tert-butyl peroxide. The mutagenicity of di-t-butyl peroxide was tested using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 in the presence of metabolic activation. No mutagenic activity was observed with di-t-butyl peroxide.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

LC50 (rat) > 4,100 ppm/4h

LD50 Rat ip 3210 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 20 g/kg

Effect of peroxide administration on chick growth, severity of exudative diathesis, and glutathione peroxidase ... was greatly influenced by dietary selenium level but little if any relationship of this disease to peroxide induced reductions in glutathione peroxidase activity. ... Tertiary butyl peroxide administration caused depression in glutathione peroxidase activity in liver.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic peroxides/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic peroxides/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5K TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic peroxides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Workers engaged in the production of organic peroxides, eg, tert-butyl perbenzoate and di-tert-butyl peroxide, suffered from grippe, angina, acute respiratory diseases, pneumonia ... .

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Tumorigenic response after exposure of di-tert-butyl peroxide at /SRP: single/ dose of 100 umol to 50 C57BL mice consisted of 7 animals with malignant lymphomas and 1 animal with pulmonary adenomas out of 35 survivors. /SRP: first tumor appeared after 19 months. /

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity: Initiation-Promotion/ The skin tumor-promoting activities of three organic peroxides were evaluated /in mice/ and compared to the activity of benzoyl peroxide, a well-characterized tumor promoter. Two of the compounds (di-t-butyl peroxide and dicumyl peroxide) were dialkyl peroxides and the other (di-m-chlorobenzoyl peroxide) was a diacyl peroxide. These compounds were selected based on a previous study in which we evaluated their capacity to induce epidermal hyperplasia, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and dark basal keratinocytes, which have been reliable short-term markers of tumor promotion. Dicumyl peroxide was a weak tumor promoter despite its high activity in inducing hyperplasia. Like benzoyl peroxide, di-m-chlorobenzoyl peroxide generally had intermediate activity as an inducer of short-term markers of tumor promotion and was a moderately effective tumor promoter. However, compared to benzoyl peroxide, di-m-chlorobenzoyl peroxide was more toxic to the skin, which may have limited its tumor-promoting activity. The final compound, di-t-butyl peroxide, which was essentially inactive in short-term assays, was also totally inactive in promoting papillomas or carcinomas in initiated skin. Tumor-promoting efficacy generally showed an inverse association with thermal stability for the compounds tested, suggesting that the rate of formation of free radicals is a key factor contributing to tumor promotion by organic peroxides. However, a number of other factors can potentially affect the activity of different organic peroxides as tumor promoters. Each compound evaluated had a different spectrum of activities, and these compounds should be useful for studying mechanisms of organic peroxide-induced tumor promotion.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity: Initiation-Promotion/ Induction of biomarkers of tumor promotion by benzoyl peroxide and other organic peroxides was studied in mice. Benzoyl peroxide, O,O-t-butyl-0-(2-ethylhexyl)-monoperoxy-carbonate (Lupersol), dicumyl peroxide (Luperox), ... t-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP), di-t-butyl-peroxide (DTBP), m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA), di-m-methylbenzoyl-peroxide (DMBP), or di-m-chlorobenzoyl-peroxide (DCBP) was applied once, or twice weekly for 2 weeks to the shaved backs of female Sencar mice. Doses ranged up to 40 mg in the single dose study and up to 60 mg in the multiple dose experiment. The mice were killed 0.25 to 7 days after the last treatment and the skins were removed. The tumor promoting potential of the chemicals was assessed by determining epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and induction of epidermal hyperplasia and dark band keratinocytes. Attempts were made to correlate the data with the temperature at which the compounds had a half life of 10 hr (10 hr Tl/2), a measure of thermal stability. After single application, MCPBA showed the greatest tumor promotion potential, followed by DMBP, Luperox, Lupersol, benzoyl peroxide, DCBP, DTBP, and TBHP in that order. Luperox was the most active in the multiple dosing study, followed by DMBP, Lupersol, MCPBA, DCBP, TBHP, benzoyl peroxide, and DTBP in that order. The tumor promotion activity of the compounds did not correlate with their 10 hr Tl/2. The /results indicate/ that the tumor promotion potential of the peroxides cannot be explained on the basis of their stability. The data generally support the notion that tumor promotion activity is associated with free radical generation.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Chromosome breakage has been detected using tert-butyl peroxide.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of September 21, 2017: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for di-tert-butyl peroxide is available.[Available from, as of September 20, 2017: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]

Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide's production and use as a polymerization catalyst and chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 25.1 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 days. Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide absorbs at wavelengths 340 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 620. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0483 atm-cu m/mole. Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. Organic peroxides, such as bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, are strong oxidizers and may ignite organic materials in soil and water on contact. If released into water, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hrs and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 88 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. A hydrolysis half-life of one year has been reported. Occupational exposure to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is produced or used. The general public is not likely to be exposed to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide unless in the immediate vicinity of an accident site. (SRC)

Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is of anthropogenic origin, and is not known to be produced by natural sources. (SRC)

Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide's production and use as a polymerization catalyst(1) for resins, including olefins, styrene, styrenated alkyds, and silicones and an ignition accelerator for diesel fuel, in organic synthesis, as an intermediate(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 620(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0483 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 25.1 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(4). Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(4) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Organic peroxides, such as bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, are strong oxidizers and may ignite organic materials in soil on contact(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 620(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0483 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 25.1 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 88(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 32.45(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Organic peroxides, such as bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, are strong oxidizers and may ignite organic materials in water on contact(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, which has a vapor pressure of 25.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide absorbs UV light at wavelengths of 340 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, present at 7.94 mg/L, reached 0% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using 1 drop/L of an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide has a reported hydrolysis half-life of 1 years at 25 °C(2). Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide absorbs UV light at wavelengths of 340 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The compound photolyzes to form two t-butoxy radicals(3,4). The t-butoxy radical is unstable and decomposes to form acetone and methyl radicals. A host of other products result from free radical reactions including t-butanol, methyl t-butyl ether, isobutylene oxide, ethane, and methane(3,4). Organic peroxides, such as bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, are strong oxidizers and may ignite organic materials in soil and water on contact(5).

The main causes of unintended decompositions of organic peroxides are heat energy from heating sources and mechanical shock, ie, impact or friction. In addition, certain contaminants, ie, metal salts, amines, acids, and bases, initiate or accelerate organic peroxide decompositions at temperatures at which the peroxide is normally stable. These reactions also liberate heat, thus further accelerating the decomposition. Commercial products often contain diluents that desensitize neat peroxides to these hazards. Commercial organic peroxide decompositions are low order deflagrations rather than detonations. /Organic peroxides/

An estimated BCF of 88 was calculated in fish for bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.45(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide can be estimated to be 620(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is estimated as 0.0483 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 25.1 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). The potential for volatilization of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide in the United States may be as low as 25 workers and as high as 50 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 20,561 workers (6371 of these are female) were potentially exposed to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is produced or used. The general population is not likely to be exposed to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide except in the immediate vicinity of an accident site(SRC).

Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide's production and use as a polymerization catalyst and chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 25.1 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 days. Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide absorbs at wavelengths 340 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 620. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0483 atm-cu m/mole. Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil or water. Organic peroxides, such as bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, are strong oxidizers and may ignite organic materials in soil and water on contact. If released into water, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hrs and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 88 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. A hydrolysis half-life of one year has been reported. Occupational exposure to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is produced or used. The general public is not likely to be exposed to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide unless in the immediate vicinity of an accident site. (SRC)

Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is of anthropogenic origin, and is not known to be produced by natural sources. (SRC)

Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide's production and use as a polymerization catalyst(1) for resins, including olefins, styrene, styrenated alkyds, and silicones and an ignition accelerator for diesel fuel, in organic synthesis, as an intermediate(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 620(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0483 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 25.1 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(4). Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(4) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Organic peroxides, such as bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, are strong oxidizers and may ignite organic materials in soil on contact(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 620(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0483 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 25.1 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 88(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 32.45(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Organic peroxides, such as bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, are strong oxidizers and may ignite organic materials in water on contact(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, which has a vapor pressure of 25.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide absorbs UV light at wavelengths of 340 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, present at 7.94 mg/L, reached 0% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using 1 drop/L of an activated sludge inoculum in the Japanese MITI test(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide has a reported hydrolysis half-life of 1 years at 25 °C(2). Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide absorbs UV light at wavelengths of 340 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The compound photolyzes to form two t-butoxy radicals(3,4). The t-butoxy radical is unstable and decomposes to form acetone and methyl radicals. A host of other products result from free radical reactions including t-butanol, methyl t-butyl ether, isobutylene oxide, ethane, and methane(3,4). Organic peroxides, such as bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, are strong oxidizers and may ignite organic materials in soil and water on contact(5).

The main causes of unintended decompositions of organic peroxides are heat energy from heating sources and mechanical shock, ie, impact or friction. In addition, certain contaminants, ie, metal salts, amines, acids, and bases, initiate or accelerate organic peroxide decompositions at temperatures at which the peroxide is normally stable. These reactions also liberate heat, thus further accelerating the decomposition. Commercial products often contain diluents that desensitize neat peroxides to these hazards. Commercial organic peroxide decompositions are low order deflagrations rather than detonations. /Organic peroxides/

An estimated BCF of 88 was calculated in fish for bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.45(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide can be estimated to be 620(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is estimated as 0.0483 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 25.1 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). The potential for volatilization of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide in the United States may be as low as 25 workers and as high as 50 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 20,561 workers (6371 of these are female) were potentially exposed to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide is produced or used. The general population is not likely to be exposed to bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide except in the immediate vicinity of an accident site(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: May explode from heat or contamination. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Health: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. /Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3107; Organic peroxide type E, liquid

UN 3109; Organic peroxide type F, liquid

IMO 5.2; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F liquid

49 092 65; Peroxide, organic, liquid (or) solution, n.o.s. (flammable)

49 195 75; Peroxide, organic, liquid (or) solution, n.o.s. (organic peroxide)

49 195 80; Peroxide, organic, solid, n.o.s. (organic peroxide)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Organic peroxide type E, liquid and Organic peroxide type F, liquid are included on the dangerous goods list. /Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Organic peroxide type E, liquid and Organic peroxide type F, liquid are included on the dangerous goods list. /Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

Organic Peroxide

Special material.

Symbol: O, F; R: 7-11; S: (2)-3/7-14-16-36/37/39

UN Hazard Class: 5.2; UN Pack Group: II