5-Methyl-2-hexanone

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.1% (1 of 771) of reports.

H226 (99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H332 (99.9%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361d (13.5%): Suspected of damaging the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P318, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 771 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 771 reports by companies.

There are 6 notifications provided by 770 of 771 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P331, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Methyl isoamyl ketone:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly flush the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly flush the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use AFFF, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space ... because of the possibility of an explosion ... It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

Environmental considerations -- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

Environmental considerations -- water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations -- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for methyl isoamyl ketone: Activated carbon.

Do not breathe gas, fumes, vapor, or spray.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock down vapors.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 5-METHYL-2-HEXANONE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof.

... Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from sources of oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates), strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine), reducing agents, and aldehydes. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where methyl isoamyl ketone is handled, used or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of methyl isoamyl ketone should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

10.0 [ppm]

50 [ppm]

550 [ppm]

3300 [ppm]

50 ppm (240 mg/m³)

TWA 50 ppm (240 mg/m3)

100.0 [ppm]

100 ppm (475 mg/m³)

TWA 100 ppm (475 mg/m3) See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

20.0 [ppm]

50.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

20 ppm as TWA; 50 ppm as STEL.

20 ppm [2012]

50 ppm [2012]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.

CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; rather slowly.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the kidneys. This may result in kidney impairment. Exposure above the OEL could cause lowering of consciousness.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Methyl isoamyl ketone is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent, cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Methyl isoamyl ketone:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

5-methylhexan-2-one appears as a colorless liquid with a pleasant fruity odor. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent and for making other chemicals.

Liquid; CBI

Colorless, clear liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless, clear liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor.

Colorless, clear liquid

Pleasant, fruity odor

291 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

144 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-101 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

Freezing pt: -73.9 °C

-73.9 °C

97 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

96 °F (36 °C) (Closed cup)

110 °F (open cup)

36 °C c.c.

0.5 % (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 5400 mg/L at 25 °C

Miscible with ethanol and ether; very soluble in acetone, benzene; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

Miscible with most org solvents

5.4 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.5 (poor)

0.81 (NIOSH, 2024) - Less dense than water; will float

0.888 g/cu cm at 20 °C/20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.89

0.89 @ 20°C

3.9 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.9

5 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

5.77 [mmHg]

5.77 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.6

5.77 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 1.88

1.72 (estimated)

STABLE CONTAINERS: DRUMS; TANK CARS

375 °F (191 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

0.77 cP at 20 °C

38.43 kJ/mol at 101.3 kPa (to convert kPa to mm Hg, multiply X 7.5)

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Highly Flammable

Ketones, such as 5-METHYLHEXAN-2-ONE, are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. They react violently with aldehydes, HNO3, HNO3 + H2O2, and HClO4.

The vapor mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed.

Reacts violently with strong oxidants, strong bases, amines and isocyanates causing fire and explosion hazard. Attacks some plastic.

Oxidizers.

Oxidizers

5-Methyl-2-hexanone

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Laboured breathing. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness.

Nausea. See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane; headache, narcosis, coma; dermatitis; In Animals: liver, kidney damage

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

LC50 (rat) = 3,813 ppm/6h

LD50 Rabbit dermal 10 ml/kg

LD50 Rat oral 3870 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 3200 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 2542 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 5-METHYL-2-HEXANONE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

INHALATION. Symptoms: Cough. Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Labored breathing. Sore throat. First aid: Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention. SKIN: Symptoms: Dry skin. Redness. First aid: First rinse with plenty of water, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention. EYES: Symptoms: Redness. First aid: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. INGESTION: Symptoms: Nausea. First aid: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Repeated skin exposure may result in contact dermatitis of both the allergic and nonallergic types.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Methyl isoamyl ketone produced slight eye irritation when dropped into the conjunctival sacs of six rabbits' eyes, three of which were washed with water promptly after instillation of the material.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ When undiluted methyl isoamyl ketone (5 to 20 ml/kg) was held in contact with the abdomen of guinea pigs under an occlusive wrap for 24 hr, slight irritation developed.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Single, 6 hr exposures of rats to 802 ppm methyl isoamyl ketone produced no effects. As the concn reached 1603 ppm, a decr response to noise was observed. A concn of 3207 ppm produced eye irritation & a decr resp rate ... /CNS depression/ and the death of one of 4 rats. Four rats exposed to 5678 ppm died within 2 hr.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The toxicity of short term inhalation exposure of aliphatic ketones was investigated in mice. Male Swiss-OF1-mice were placed in inhalation chambers and exposed to 416 to 1,515 ppm methyl isoamyl ketone. Breathing frequency was used as an index of sensory irritation to the upper respiratory tract. Breathing rate was monitored before and during a 15 minute exposure period. Neurobehavioral effect was determined by measuring the duration of immobility in mice subjected to a behavioral swimming test. A concentration/effect relationship was determined for /methyl isoamyl ketone/ based on sensory irritation and behavioral responses. All curves obtained by least square linear analysis showed a significant linear relationship between the log of the exposure concentration and the percentage decrease of each parameter. The median respiratory rate for methyl isoamyl ketone was 1,222 ppm. The 50% decrease in immobility for methyl isoamyl ketone was 446 ppm. The /data/ suggest that it is possible to predict a safe exposure dose of aliphatic ketones for humans based on observations in mice.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 5-METHYL-2-HEXANONE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 30 days old 159 mg/L/96 hr; flow through, 25 °C, pH 7.6, hardness 43.0 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 42.5 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.5 mg/L; Effect: Affected fish did not school and lost equilibrium prior to death. /97+% purity/

EC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 920 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, assimilation efficiency

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age < or =24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7, hardness 16 dH; Concentration: 1700 mg/L for 24 hr

5-Methyl-2-hexanone's production and use as a solvent for high-solids coatings, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, acrylics and vinyl copolymers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.77 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 5-methyl-2-hexanone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 5-methyl-2-hexanone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours. 5-Methyl-2-hexanone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 250. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. 5-Methyl-2-hexanone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 6.2 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 6 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 5-methyl-2-hexanone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 5-methyl-2-hexanone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 5-methyl-2-hexanone via ingestion of food. (SRC)

5-Methyl-2-hexanone's production and use as a solvent for high-solids coatings(1), nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, acrylics and vinyl copolymers(2) will result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 250(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.88(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 5-methyl-2-hexanone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 5.77 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 5400 mg/L(5). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 250(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.88(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.77 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 5400 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 6.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 6(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 5-methyl-2-hexanone, which has a vapor pressure of 5.77 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 5-methyl-2-hexanone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 5-methyl-2-hexanone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 37 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

EC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 30 days old 159 mg/L/96 hr; flow through, 25 °C, pH 7.6, hardness 43.0 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 42.5 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.5 mg/L; Effect: Affected fish did not school and lost equilibrium prior to death. /97+% purity/

EC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 920 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: physiology, assimilation efficiency

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age < or =24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7, hardness 16 dH; Concentration: 1700 mg/L for 24 hr

5-Methyl-2-hexanone's production and use as a solvent for high-solids coatings, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, acrylics and vinyl copolymers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.77 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 5-methyl-2-hexanone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 5-methyl-2-hexanone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours. 5-Methyl-2-hexanone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 250. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. 5-Methyl-2-hexanone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data were not available. If released into water, 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 6.2 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 6 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 5-methyl-2-hexanone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 5-methyl-2-hexanone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 5-methyl-2-hexanone via ingestion of food. (SRC)

5-Methyl-2-hexanone's production and use as a solvent for high-solids coatings(1), nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, acrylics and vinyl copolymers(2) will result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 250(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.88(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 5-methyl-2-hexanone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 5.77 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 5400 mg/L(5). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 250(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.88(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 5.77 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 5400 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 6.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 6(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2007).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 5-methyl-2-hexanone, which has a vapor pressure of 5.77 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 5-methyl-2-hexanone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 5-methyl-2-hexanone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 1.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 37 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 6 was calculated in fish for 5-methyl-2-hexanone(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.88(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 5-methyl-2-hexanone is estimated as 250(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.88(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 5-methyl-2-hexanone is estimated as 1.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 5.77 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 5400 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 5-methyl-2-hexanone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 10 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6.2 days(SRC). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 5-methyl-2-hexanone from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

5-Methyl-2-hexanone has been identified, not quantified in wastewater effluent concentrates collected from an advanced wastewater treatment facility in Lake Tahoe, CA(1). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone was identified in the emissions of semiconductor manufacturing plants in Hsin-chu, Taiwan over the period from October 2000 to September 2001(2).

5-Methyl-2-hexanone was detected not quantified as a volatile component of roasted filberts(1), fried bacon(2), cooked beef(3) and cooked pork(3).

Exposure to methyl isoamyl ketone in the workplace is most likely to occur by skin contact, eye contact, or inhalation, particularly at elevated temperatures.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 18,834 workers (4,071 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 5-methyl-2-hexanone in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 5-methyl-2-hexanone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 5-methyl-2-hexanone is produced or used(SRC). 5-Methyl-2-hexanone was detected in the air of a fur tanning facility in New York at concentrations below the OSHA exposure limits(2). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 5-methyl-2-hexanone via ingestion of food(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for methyl isoamyl ketone: Activated carbon.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 5-METHYL-2-HEXANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2302; 5-Methylhexan-2-one

IMO 3.3; 5-Methylhexan-2-one

49 092 34; Methyl isoamyl ketone (Flammable liquid, not otherwise specified)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: Xn; R: 10-20; S: (2)-23-24/25

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III