Isobutyl Acetate

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 6% (177 of 2941) of reports.

H225 (94%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H336 (15.4%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2941 reports by companies from 37 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 177 of 2941 reports by companies.

There are 36 notifications provided by 2764 of 2941 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H333: May be harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264+P265, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P317, P305+P351+P338, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Isobutyl acetate:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: WATER FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use foam, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.

Water may be ineffective on fire /involving isobutyl acetate/. Cool exposed containers with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Fire Fighting: Use self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

Flashback along vapor trail may occur.

The vapors are heavier than air.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quant, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber. Isobutyl acetate should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill motion. Use surface active agent (eg detergent, soaps, alcohols), if approved by the EPA.. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount . Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray to mist to knock down vapors.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Isobutyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/Proposed methods of disposal should be used on statutory requirements of the state where disposal is to occur. The usual methods would be expected to include:/ 1) Absorbing in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material and disposing in a secured sanitary landfill. 2) Atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Isobutyl acetate: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

VENTILATION CONTROL: THE BASIC VENTILATION METHODS ARE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION AND DILUTION OR GENERAL VENTILATION.

... SUBSTITUTION OF LESS IRRITATING SUBSTANCES ... REDESIGN OF OPERATIONS ... PREVENT CONTACT, PROVISION OF A PHYSICAL BARRIER AGAINST CONTACT, PROPER WASHING FACILITIES, WORK CLOTHING AND STORAGE FACILITIES ...

Employees should wash promptly when skin is wet or contaminated. Remove clothing immediately if wet or contaminated to avoid flammability hazard.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ISOBUTYL ACETATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and strong acids.

... MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ...

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

100.0 [ppm]

150 [ppm]

1300 [ppm]

7500 [ppm]

150 ppm (700 mg/m³)

TWA 150 ppm (700 mg/m3)

150.0 [ppm]

150 ppm (700 mg/m³

1300 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. (NIOSH, 2024)

1300.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the following statements: A 4­hour exposure to 8,000 ppm killed 4 of 6 rats [UCC 1971; Smyth et al. 1962 as cited by ACGIH 1971] and no deaths resulted from a 4­hour exposure of 6 rats to 4,000 ppm [UCC 1971; Smyth 1964 as cited by ACGIH 1971]. . . . Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

1300 ppm [IDLH based on a 10% of the lower explosive limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicology data indicated that irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.]

1300 ppm

1300 ppm [10%LEL]

See: 110190

50.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 150 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

50 ppm as TWA; 150 ppm as STEL.

50 ppm [2015]

150 ppm [2015]

241 mg/m

480 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

Isobutyl acetate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a fruity odor. Flash point 64 °F. Less dense than water (6.2 lb / gal) and insoluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air.

Colorless liquid with a fruity, floral odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

colourless liquid with a fruity, banana-like odour on dilution

Colorless liquid with a fruity, floral odor.

Colorless liquid

Fruit-like odor

Fruity, floral odor

FRUITY (CURRANT-PEAR), FLORAL (HYACINTH-ROSE) ODOR

SOLVENTY NAIL POLISH-LIKE ODOR

CHARACTERISTIC ETHER-LIKE, SLIGHTLY BITTER FLAVOR

BANANA TASTE

243.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

116.5 °C

116.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

116-118 °C

116.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-142.8 °F (USCG, 1999)

-98.8 °C

-98.85 °C

62 °F (USCG, 1999)

18 °C (64 °F) (Closed cup)

85 °F (Open cup)

18 °C c.c.

0.6 % at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with ethanol, ether and methanol; soluble in acetone; slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride

In water: 0.67 g/100 g at 20 °C

In water, 6300 mg/L at 25 °C

6.3 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.67

soluble in alcohol, most fixed oils, propylene glycol, 1 ml in 180 ml water

(in ethanol)

(77 °F): 0.6%

0.871 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8712 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Bulk density: 7.23 lb/gal

DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.08 (AIR = 1); CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/L IS EQUIVALENT TO 211 PPM; 1 PPM IS EQUIVALENT TO 4.75 MG/CU M

Relative density (water = 1): 0.87

0.862-0.871

0.8712 @ 20°C

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Highly Flammable

ISOBUTYL ACETATE reacts exothermically with acids to give alcohols and other acids. May react sufficiently exothermically with strong oxidizing acids to ignite the reaction products. Reactions with bases also generate heat. Combination with strong reducing agents (alkali metals and hydrides) generates flammable hydrogen.

Contact with nitrates, strong oxidizers, strong alkalies, and strong acids may cause fires and explosions.

Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis and acids.

Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

Isobutyl acetate

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat. Dizziness. Headache.

Dry skin.

Redness.

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; headache, drowsiness, anesthesia; In Animals: narcosis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LCLo (rat) = 8,000 ppm/4H

LD50 Rabbit dermal >5000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit dermal >17400 mg/kg bw

LC50 Rat inhalation > 14.72 mg/L /6 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation >13.24 mg/L /6 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ISOBUTYL ACETATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Consider initial effects on skin and resp tract in any preplacement or periodical exam, as well as liver and kidney function.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ No evidence of irritation (in a 48 hr closed-patch test) or sensitization (in a maximization test with 28 volunteers) was reported for isobutyl acetate (2% in petrolatum).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Vapor may irritate upper resp tract and cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. Liquid irritates eyes and may irritate skin.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Overexposure to isobutyl acetate may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Severe overexposure may cause weakness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness. Prolonged overexposure may produce irritation of the skin.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In man, exposure to concentrations of 950 ppm for 30 min causes irritation of the nose and eyes, headaches and weakness. The principal symptoms in cases of occupational exposure are headaches and irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose and of the conjunctiva. Other symptoms mentioned include vertigo, palpitations, gastrointestinal disorders, anemia, cutaneous lesions, dermatitis and affections of the liver.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ SIX OF SIX RATS DIED FROM EXPOSURE TO 21000 PPM (100 MG/L) FOR 150 MIN. PRIOR TO DEATH /CNS DEPRESSION/ WAS OBSERVED. EXPOSURE TO 3000 PPM (14 MG/L) FOR 6 HR PRODUCED NO OBSERVABLE SIGNS. /FROM TABLE/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ EXPOSURE AT ... 8000 PPM FOR 4 HOURS WAS FATAL TO FOUR OF SIX RATS. THESE DATA INDICATE ISOBUTYL ACETATE TO BE SOMEWHAT MORE TOXIC THAN NORMAL ISOMER. ON OTHER HAND, COMPARATIVE STUDIES INDICATED ISOBUTYL ACETATE IN LOW CONCN TO BE ... LESS IRRITATING THAN N-BUTYL ACETATE.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exposure to a concentration of 10000 ppm for 5 hr caused irritation and death in guinea-pigs.

/GENOTOXICITY/ /In a standard Ames test isobutyl acetate was negative in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 at concentrations up to 5000 ug/mL with and without metabolic activation./

LC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 600000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C; Concentration: 250000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

TLm Brine shrimp 1200 ppm/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Isobutyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose; in thinners, sealants, and topcoat lacquers; in perfumery; and as a flavoring agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Isobutyl acetate has been identified in apples, nectarines and bananas, and may be released into the environment as a natural plant volatile. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 17.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isobutyl acetate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobutyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.9 days. Isobutyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, isobutyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 16. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Isobutyl acetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Based on 5- and 20-day theoretical BODs of 60% and 81%, respectively, in fresh water dilution tests, isobutyl acetate is expected to biodegrade in soil and water environments. If released into water, isobutyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.2 hours and 4.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 3 years and 122 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to isobutyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobutyl acetate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to isobutyl acetate via ingestion of food sources that contain this compound. (SRC)

Isobutyl acetate has been identified in apples(1), nectarines(2) and bananas(3), and may be released into the environment as a plant volatile(SRC). It is found in a few natural products such as the wood-rotting fungus Endoconidiophora coerulescens(4), raspberry, pear, pineapple and natural cocoa aroma(5).

Isobutyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose; in thinners, sealants, and topcoat lacquers; in perfumery; and as a flavoring agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isobutyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isobutyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). Isobutyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon theoretical BODs of 60% and 81% in 5- and 20-day, respectively, fresh water dilution tests(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isobutyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.2 hours and 4.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.78(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon theoretical BODs of 60% and 81% in 5- and 20-day, respectively, fresh water dilution tests(8). Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 3 years and 122 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isobutyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 17.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobutyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.52X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Isobutyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Using a filtered sewage seed, isobutyl acetate 5- and 20-day theoretical BOD's of 60% and 81%, respectively, were measured in fresh water dilution tests(1); 5- and 20-day theoretical BOD's of 23% and 37%, respectively, were measured in salt water(1).

LC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 600000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C; Concentration: 250000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

TLm Brine shrimp 1200 ppm/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Isobutyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose; in thinners, sealants, and topcoat lacquers; in perfumery; and as a flavoring agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Isobutyl acetate has been identified in apples, nectarines and bananas, and may be released into the environment as a natural plant volatile. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 17.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isobutyl acetate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobutyl acetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.9 days. Isobutyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, isobutyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 16. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Isobutyl acetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Based on 5- and 20-day theoretical BODs of 60% and 81%, respectively, in fresh water dilution tests, isobutyl acetate is expected to biodegrade in soil and water environments. If released into water, isobutyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.2 hours and 4.9 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 7 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 3 years and 122 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to isobutyl acetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobutyl acetate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to isobutyl acetate via ingestion of food sources that contain this compound. (SRC)

Isobutyl acetate has been identified in apples(1), nectarines(2) and bananas(3), and may be released into the environment as a plant volatile(SRC). It is found in a few natural products such as the wood-rotting fungus Endoconidiophora coerulescens(4), raspberry, pear, pineapple and natural cocoa aroma(5).

Isobutyl acetate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose; in thinners, sealants, and topcoat lacquers; in perfumery; and as a flavoring agent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isobutyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isobutyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). Isobutyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon theoretical BODs of 60% and 81% in 5- and 20-day, respectively, fresh water dilution tests(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isobutyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.54X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.2 hours and 4.9 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.78(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon theoretical BODs of 60% and 81% in 5- and 20-day, respectively, fresh water dilution tests(8). Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 3 years and 122 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isobutyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 17.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobutyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.52X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Isobutyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Using a filtered sewage seed, isobutyl acetate 5- and 20-day theoretical BOD's of 60% and 81%, respectively, were measured in fresh water dilution tests(1); 5- and 20-day theoretical BOD's of 23% and 37%, respectively, were measured in salt water(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isobutyl acetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 5.52X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.9 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.07 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 3 years and 122 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Isobutyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated in fish for isobutyl acetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.78(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of isobutyl acetate can be estimated to be 16(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isobutyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for isobutyl acetate is reported as 4.54X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isobutyl acetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.9 days(SRC). Isobutyl acetate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Isobutyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 17.8 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Isobutyl acetate was qualitatively detected in groundwater beneath underground storage tanks of solvents at a paint factory in Italy(1).

SURFACE WATER: Isobutyl acetate was identified, not quantified, in 1 out of 8 rivers studied in Germany(1).

Isobutyl acetate was detected at a mean concentration of 0.23 ug/cu m in the effluent of a waste incinerator in Germany(1). An accidental spill at the BASF plant in Germany released an unspecified concentration of isobutyl acetate into the Rhine River in 1991(2). Isobutyl acetate was identified, not quantified, in the effluent of common household waste(3). UK emissions of isobutyl acetate were reported as 0.44% by mass distribution in 1990(4). Isobutyl acetate was detected in 15 of 44 furniture emission samples(5). Isobutyl acetate was detected but not quantified in the emissions of kitchen waste, kitchen waste exudate and stored food exudate(6).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Isobutyl acetate was detected at four air monitoring locations in the Netherlands during 1979-81 monitoring with mean concentrations of 1.8-10 ppb reported in the Delft samples(1).

INDOOR: Isobutyl acetate was detected at a concentration of 100 ug/cu m in a home located in northern Italy(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Isobutyl acetate was reported in paint mixing area of six auto-painting garages at 0.2 to 0.7 ppm(1).

Isobutyl acetate has been identified, not quantified, in apples(1), nectarines(2), store bought milk(3) and bananas(4).

Isobutyl acetate has been identified, not quantified, in store purchased milk(1).

Isobutyl acetate was detected in feed silage head-space samples from a large-size commercial dairy located in Yolo County, CA; corn silage 3.10 nL/L and high moisture ground corn 0.28 nL/L(1). Isobutyl acetate was not found in alfalfa silage, cereal silage, almond hulls or almond shells head-space samples(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of workers reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for isobutyl acetate is 1000 or greater persons; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 121,883 workers (30,203 of these are female) are potentially exposed to isobutyl acetate in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobutyl acetate is produced or used(SRC). Isobutyl acetate was identified in 5% of printing operations, 17% of painting operations, 45% of auto repair shops and 13% of miscellaneous industries in Belgium(2). Isobutyl acetate was detected in the breathing zone of an automobile paintshop in Spain at concns of 37.6, 109.6, and 134.0 mg/cu m(3) and in shoe and leather factories in Italy at concentrations of 0.2-1.6 mg/cu m(4). A mean concentration of 0.1 ppm was detected in the workplace air of a US company performing spray painting and glueing(5). The general population may be exposed to isobutyl acetate through the ingestion of food sources that contain this compound(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Isobutyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/Proposed methods of disposal should be used on statutory requirements of the state where disposal is to occur. The usual methods would be expected to include:/ 1) Absorbing in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material and disposing in a secured sanitary landfill. 2) Atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Isobutyl acetate: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ISOBUTYL ACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1213; ISOBUTYL ACETATE

IMO 3.2; Isobutyl acetate

49 092 07; Isobutyl acetate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F; R: 11-66; S: (2)-16-23-25-29-33; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II