Hexane

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361f ***: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P318, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 4001) of reports.

H225 (98.2%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (98.2%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315 (98.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (11.5%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336 (97.4%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361 (93.7%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 (95.4%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (99.9%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4001 reports by companies from 80 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 4001 reports by companies.

There are 79 notifications provided by 3999 of 4001 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (1 of 224) of reports.

H225 (53.1%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H304 (36.6%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315 (79.5%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (46.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (17.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336 (36.6%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361 (36.6%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 (27.7%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (32.6%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H412 (46.4%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 224 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 224 reports by companies.

There are 13 notifications provided by 223 of 224 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For petroleum crude oil, do not spray water directly into a breached tank car. This can lead to a dangerous boil over. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Stop discharge if possible. Keep people away. Shut off ignition sources and call fire department. Stay upwind and use water spray to "knock down" vapor. Isolate and remove discharged material. Notify local health and pollution control agencies.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

To fight fire, use carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Flashback along a vapor trail may occur, since the vapor is heavier than air. Fire extinguishers containing carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam are recommended. Water sprays should not be used, since these may cause the fire to spread, though a water spray can be used to cool containers.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

In the event of spillage, naked flames, sparks, and heat should be avoided; approved, efficient, protective clothing and respirators should be provided. Small-scale spillage should be absorbed on paper towels or sawdust; sand or earth can be used for larger spills. Fire-fighting foam can be used in large spillages to reduce evaporation. If possible, liquid spills should be recovered for recycling.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Hexane may be disposed of by atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

Spray into the furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent. Recommendable methods: Incineration, open burning, use as a boiler fuel, & evaporation. Not recommendable method: Landfill. Peer review: Care. Highly flammable. Evaporate only small amt. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

The International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals recommends: "Incineration, open burning, use as a boiler fuel, evaporation. Spray into the furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent. Care, highly inflammable, evaporate only small amounts. Landfill is not recommended".

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Before heat is applied for the purpose of cutting or welding a vessel that has contained /hexane/ ... all remaining residues must be drained ... /& vessel/ purged with steam ... this precaution ... /ensures/ that an explosive concn of vapor & air will not be formed ... good ventilation will prevent formation of harmful concn of these vapors in normal workplaces. In confined spaces like a process or storage vessel or a garage inspection pit, high concn capable of causing unconsciousness or death have been known to develop ... /hydrocarbons, aliphatic/

Products that have been treated with materials containing n-hexane may ... be dangerous during the evaporation stage. They must be left to dry in suitable places under a hood and not in the ordinary workplace.

Employees should wash promptly when skin is wet or contaminated. Remove clothing immediately if wet or contaminated to avoid flammability hazard.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-HEXANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Store only in original container. Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Drums should be stored in a well-ventilated area in fire-resistant containers. Metal containers should be electrically-grounded, when liquid is being transferred.

Safe Storage: Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Well closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - 2,5-Hexanedione (without hydrolysis) in urine = 0.5 mg/L end of shift;

50.0 [ppm]

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

***12,000

NR = Not recommended due to insufficient data Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) = 11,000 ppm * =>10% LEL; ** = >50% LEL; *** = >100% LEL For values denoted as * safety considerations against the hazard(s) of explosion(s) must be taken into account. For values denoted as ** and *** extreme safety considerations against the hazard(s) of explosion(s) must be taken into account.

AEGLs Status: Final

400 [ppm]

2900 [ppm]

8600 [ppm]

50 ppm (180 mg/m³)

TWA 50 ppm (180 mg/m3)

500.0 [ppm]

500 ppm (1800 mg/m³)

TWA 500 ppm (1800 mg/m3) See Appendix G

1100 ppm ; Based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. (NIOSH, 2024)

1100.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: It has been reported that a 10­minute exposure to 5,000 ppm caused dizziness and a sensation of giddiness.

1100 ppm (Based on 10% of the lower explosion limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health effects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.)

1100 ppm

1100 ppm [10%LEL]

See: 110543

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: 2,5-hexanedion (without hydrolysis) in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift at end of workweek; BEI: 0.4 mg/L.

50 ppm as TWA; (skin); BEI issued.

50 ppm [1996]

Chronic Inhalation: 0.6 ppm (L134)

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

N-hexane is a clear colorless liquids with a petroleum-like odor. Flash points -9 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent, paint thinner, and chemical reaction medium.

Gas Vapor; Liquid; Liquid; Large Crystals

Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor; [NIOSH]

VOLATILE COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor.

Colorless, very volatile liquid

Gasoline-like odor

156 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

68.73 °C

68.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

68.73 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-139 °F (NTP, 1992)

-95.35 °C

-93.5 °C

-9.4 °F (NTP, 1992)

-7 °F (-22 °C) (Closed cup)

-22 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 61.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 9.5 mg/L at 25 °C

9.5 to 13 mg/L at 20 °C in distilled water, 75.5 mg/L at 20 °C in salt water

Very soluble in ethanol; soluble in ethyl ether, chloroform

Miscible with alcohol, chloroform, and ether

0.0095 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.0013 (practically insoluble)

0.659 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.6606 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.7

0.6606 @25 °C

2.97 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.97 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.0

120 mmHg at 68 °F ; 180 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

153.0 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 120 mm Hg at 20 °C, 190 mm Hg at 30 °C

153 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 17

124 mmHg

75 [mm Hg] @9.8000000000000007 °C

log Kow = 3.90

437 °F (USCG, 1999)

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Highly Flammable

N-HEXANE may be sensitive to light. It may also be sensitive to prolonged exposure to heat. This compound can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. This would include compounds such as liquid chlorine, concentrated O2, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite. It is also incompatible with dinitrogen tetraoxide. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. (NTP, 1992).

Forms explosive mixture with air. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. contact with dinitrogen tetreoxide may explode at 28 °C. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. may accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapor.

Mixtures with dinitrogen tetraoxide may explode at 28 °C

During kinetic studies, one sample of a 1:1 molar soln of tetraoxide in hexane exploded during (normally slow) decomp at 28 °C.

Strong oxidizers

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

IDENTIFICATION: n-Hexane is a straight chain saturated hydrocarbon obtained from certain petroleum fractions after various thermal or catalytic cracking steps. Commercial hexane may contain from 20%-85& n-Hexane and various amounts of hexane isomer, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2-3-dimethylbutene, cyclopentane, cyclohexane and small quantities of pentane and heptane isomers, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane and trichloroethylene. Trace amounts of benzene may be present. N-Hexane is a colorless liquid and solubility in water is low. It is miscible with alcohol, chloroform and ether. Main uses are: rubber and adhesive solvent in shoe factories; extraction of soybean oil, callous seed oil and flaxseed oil. It is used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and is a cleaning agent for textiles, furniture and leather products. N-Hexane is also used for: determination of the refractive index of minerals, filling for thermometers and denaturant. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The target organs are: central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, respiratory system, heart, skin and eyes. Chemical pneumonia can occur after ingestion and and aspiration to the lungs. CNS depression, convulsions, coma and death may follow acute exposures to large concentrations. Inhalation of n-hexane usually causes eye, nose, throat and respiratory irritation, which are rapidly reversible when exposure is discontinued. Symptoms are more severe is ingestion or inhalation are associated with exposure to other hydrocarbons which may potentiate the effects. Exogenous catecholamines may precipitate a fatal ventricular arrhythmia in the sensitized myocardium. Acute exposure to considerable concentrations of n-hexane may cause cough, wheezing, bloody frothy sputum, headache, dizziness, tachycardia and fever. Gastrointestinal symptoms may result. Respiratory system: slow and shallow respiration; aspiration of n-hexane may cause pulmonary edema and chemical pneumonia. Cardiovascular system: tachycardia and ventricular dysrhythmia. Central nervous system: vertigo, giddiness, CNS depression syndrome. In heavy exposures unconsciousness may result. Peripheral nervous system: chronic exposure may produce important peripheral neuropathy (motor sensory) and CNS abnormalities. Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Adults may be exposed in the workplace or in case of suicide attempts. Glue sniffing or n-hexane sniffing puts individuals at risk. There is a potential for accidental ingestion may occur in children. Laboratory workers which use the solvent for extraction procedures, chemists and pharmacists may be exposed. In the factory, glues and adhesives industry employees and those in printing and painting occupations. N-Hexane is absorbed following inhalation, ingestion or by topical application to the skin. In human volunteers about 28% of inhaled n-Hexane was taken up by the lungs. Alveolar retention is about 25% of the inhaled dose of n-hexane and the final absorption is 15%-17% in relation to the total respiratory uptake. Alveolar uptake was greater in obese individuals. Although the alveolar uptake rate decreased during physical exercise, the total uptake of n-hexane increased slightly as a result of the higher lung ventilation rate. Concentrations of n-hexane correlated with blood concentrations in industrial workers exposed to commercial hexane. It is poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal system. Dermal absorption is very slow. Peak blood levels occur in less than 1 hour following inhalation or percutaneous exposure. N-Hexane has great affinity for high lipid content tissues and is rapidly metabolized to hydroxylated compounds before being converted to 2,5-hexanedione. The respiratory elimination of n-hexane in recently exposed workers was biphasic. The median half-lives of the fast and slow phases were 11minutes and 99 minutes. Workers exposed to n-hexane for about 7 hours/day without protective devices had the following metabolites in the urine: 2-hexanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-pentanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexane and trichloroethanol. In humans exposed to concentrations of up to 200 ppm, steady state blood levels were dose dependent; accumulation occurred in humans exposed to as little as 1 ppm. ANIMAL STUDIES: At the first step of oxidative metabolism by cytochrome p-450, the carbons 1,2,3 of n-hexane molecule are hydroxylated and form hexanols in different proportions in all species of animals. N-Hexane is metabolized by mixed function oxidase system in the liver forming alcohols which are conjugated to glucuronic acid or converted to carbon monoxide. 1-Hexanol and 3-hexonal are less toxic metabolites. The former is oxidized to hexanoic acid which undergoes the usual lipid metabolism. 2,5-Hexanedione was detected in urine. In rats exposed to n-hexane, important alterations in the quantity and composition of pulmonary surfactant in rats after short term exposure. The lungs of rats exposed to hexane at different concentrations showed a direct toxic effect on pneumocytes; fatty degeneration, change of alveolar bodies in type 2 pneumocytes and increased detachment of cells. Severe atrophy involving the seminiferous tubules with loss of the nerve growth factor in immunoreactive germ cell line of rats after 61 days of exposure was noted. Permanent testicular damage was found in some animals which had a total loss of the germ cell line lasting up to 14 months after the post exposure period. Simultaneous administration of n-hexane with toluene or xylene did not cause germ cell line alterations or testicular atrophy. In vitro toxicity of n-hexane and 2,5-hexanedione has been evaluated in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. The force of cardiac contraction was significantly reduced following 1 hour of perfusion with n-hexane or 2,5-hexanedione. Spinal neuron cell cultures exposed to n-hexane and butanone developed the neural swelling faster than when exposed to n-hexane. Animal tests have been negative for teratogenic effects. In pregnant rats showed n-hexane blood concentrations in the fetus equal to that found in maternal blood. Isopropanol enhances the induction of n-hexane metabolizing enzymes and increases the 2-hexanol concentrations in the liver and kidney. Methyl isobutyl ketone mixed with n-hexane significantly increased aniline hydroxylase and cytochrome P450 activity in the liver of exposed hens.

Hexane's toxicity is caused by it neurotoxic metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione. It damages the central and peripheral nervous system by causing axonal swelling and degeneration. 2,5-Hexanedione also reacts with lysine side-chain amino groups in axonal cytoskeletal proteins to form pyrroles. This results in neurofilament cross-linking and loss of function. (L175)

n-Hexane

7 x 10 ^-1 mg/m^3

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

not assessed under IRIS as of 12/23/2005; listed as n-Hexane

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Hexane is found in gasoline, which is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). (L135)

Hexane mainly affects the nervous system. It causes degeneration of the peripheral nervous system (and eventually the central nervous system), starting with damage to the nerve axons. Exposure to hexane may also damage the lungs and reproductive system. (L977, L978)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L175) ;

inhalation (L175) ;dermal (L175)

Cough. Shortness of breath. Euphoria. Headache. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness.

Aspiration hazard! Sore throat. Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, nose; nausea, headache; peripheral neuropathy: numb extremities, muscle weak; dermatitis; dizziness; chemical pneumonitis (aspiration liquid)

Breathing large amounts of hexane causes numbness in the feet and hands, followed by muscle weakness in the feet and lower legs. Continued exposure may lead to paralysis of the arms and legs. However, if removed from the exposure, recovery occurs in 6 months to a year. Inhalation of high concentrations produces first a state of mild euphoria, followed by somnolence with headaches and nausea. (L175, A121)

Neurological (Nervous System), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

3 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

2 mg/m^3

PDF Document

See the IRIS entry for n-Hexane

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

HEAST Archive

LC50 (rat) = 77,000 ppm/1 hr

LD50: 28 710 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LC50: 48 000 ppm over 4 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) (L174)

LD50 Mouse oral 5000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat oral 45 mL/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 48000 ppm/< 4 hr

LC50 Mouse inhalation 48000 ppm/4 hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for N-HEXANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

To study the protective effects of garlic oil (GO) on the peripheral nerve injuries induced by n-hexane. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats in each group): the control, the n-hexane treatment (2000 mg/kg), the low dose GO, and the high dose GO groups. The rats in the low and high doses of GO groups were pretreated with GO (40 and 80 mg/kg) before exposure to n-hexane (2000 mg/ kg), while the animals of the n-hexane treatment group were given normal saline and then 2000 mg/ kg n-hexane. The rats were exposed to GO and n-hexane 6 times a week for 10 weeks. The gait scores and staying time on the rotating rod for all rats were detected every two weeks. The rats were sacrificed at the end of ten weeks, then the levels of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), maleic dialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) and the ability of inhibition of OH in livers were examined. The gait scores increased significantly and the time staying on the rotating rod obviously decreased in rats of n-hexane treatment group, as compared with control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In the hepatic tissues of n-hexane group, the levels of MDA and ADH significantly increased, the activities of GSH-Px, T-AOC and the ability of inhibition of OH obviously decreased, as compared to control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In 2 GO groups, the gait scores and the staying time on the rotating rod were significantly improved, the levels of MDA and ADH significantly decreased, the activities of GSH-Px, T-AOC and the ability of inhibition of OH obviously increased, as compared with n-hexane group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). ADH could play an important role in the protective effects induced by garlic oil on the peripheral nerve injuries produced by n-hexane.

Four separate groups of 5 rats each were exposed to 1000 ppm n-hexane, 1000 ppm n-hexane plus 1000 ppm toluene, 1000 ppm n-hexane plus 1000 ppm methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), or fresh air. Distributions of n-hexane metabolites in the mixed exposure group were ... similar to that of an n-hexane-alone group. The amount of metabolites decreased to approximately 1/6 of that in the n-hexane group by co-exposure with toluene and to approximately 1/4 by co-exposure with MEK. Toluene decr the neurotoxicity of n-hexane by the inhibition of n-hexane metabolism.

Toluene at 1000 ppm exerted an antagonistic effect on n-hexane neurotoxicity in rats exposed to 1000 ppm n-hexane 12 hr/day for 16 wk. While 1000 ppm n-hexane considerably impaired the function of peripheral nerves, as measured by nerve conduction velocities in the rat tail, the combined exposure resulted in only slight impairment.

n-Hexane ... potentiates chloroform toxicity.

LC50; Species: Goldfish; Concentration: 4 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Chlamydomonas angulosa (Green Algae) age 3-4 days, exponential growth phase 5x10+4 cells/mL; Conditions: static, 19 °C, pH 6.5; Concentration: 94 mmol/cu m for 3 hr; Effect: physiology, photosynthesis /formulation/

EC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green Algae) age 3-4 days, exponential growth phase 20x10+4 cells/mL; Conditions: static, 19 °C, pH 6.5; Concentration: 149 mmol/cu m for 3 hr; Effect: physiology, photosynthesis /formulation/

LC50; Species: Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp) nauplii; Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 41 mmol/cu m for 24 hr /> or =97% purity formulation/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for N-HEXANE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Exposure of Chlamydomonas angulosa and Chlorella vulgaris to hexane resulted in a wide range of toxicities, when data were expressed as percentage of saturations causing 50% reduction in photosynthesis.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera): little or no effect on the photosynthetic activity: 10 mg/L.

6.10e+02

2.50e+03

7.30e+02

3.10e+03

1.50e+03

5.00e+01

1.00e+01

7.00e-01

Volatile

1.41e+02

1.80e+03

7.60e+03

2.20e+03

9.20e+03

4.40e+03

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

n-Hexane's production and use as a solvent, formulation additive, use in low-temperature thermometers, polymerization reaction medium, and as a component of petroleum and gasoline products may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. n-Hexane is also a component of natural gas and crude oil. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 153 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-hexane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-hexane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours. n-Hexane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-hexane is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 130. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.80 atm-cu m/mole. n-Hexane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, n-hexane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 170 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to n-hexane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-hexane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-hexane primarily via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

n-Hexane is a constituent in the paraffin fraction of crude oil and natural gas.

n-Hexane's production and use as a solvent, formulation additive, use in low-temperature thermometers, polymerization reaction medium(1,2), and as a component of petroleum and gasoline products(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 130(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-hexane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-hexane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.80 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 153 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 9.5 mg/L(4). n-Hexane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 130(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-hexane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.80 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 153 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 9.6 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.7 hours and 3.7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 170(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.90(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(9) suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-hexane, which has a vapor pressure of 153 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-hexane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.61X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Hexane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The degradation of n-alkanes by microorganisms is similar to the degradation of fatty acids. The terminal methyl group is enzymatically oxidized by incorporation of molecular oxygen by a monooxygenase producing a primary alcohol with further oxidation to an acid group, although involvement of a dioxygenase is also postulated. Once the fatty acid is produced, it is degraded into 2-carbon units via the beta-oxidation pathway. ... Another pathway for n-alkane degradation that is encountered less often is the oxidation of both terminal carbons to form a dioic acid with subsequent beta-oxidation. Subterminal oxidation of the 2-carbon atom is seen mainly in C3-C6 alkanes, although it does occur in longer chain alkanes also. ... A dehydrogenation of the n-alkane may also occur yielding an alkene which is then converted to an alcohol, although there is little evidence for this theory. Some microorganisms have been shown to have both terminal and subterminal oxidation, each having very different rates of activity. The different chain lengths of n-alkanes are degraded to different extents ... . /In a study comparing/ ... growth on long an short chain alkanes by some bacteria ... the initial oxygenase had a broad specificity and would oxidize C1-C8 alkanes ... /but/ cells grown on C4-C8 alkanes did not oxidize the shorter chain alkanes to a significant extent. ... /n-Alkanes/

AEROBIC: Waste water treatment; Rotating disk contact aerator: influent 214.8 mg/L, elimination: > 99% ... Incubation with natural flora in the groundwater, in presence of the other components of high octane gasoline (1gl/L): biodegradation: 46% after 8 days

AEROBIC: n-Hexane achieved 4.1, 7.6 and 16.9% of its theoretical BOD using a benzene acclimated activated sludge after 6, 24, and 72 hours, respectively(1). n-Hexane at 500 mg/L was toxic to microorganisms using 50 mg municipal sludge obtained at a sewage treatment facility(2). Within 24 hours, n-hexane was oxidized to its corresponding methyl ketone, 2-pentanone(3,5), and the corresponding alcohol, 2-pentanol(4,5), by cell suspensions of over 20 methyltrophic organisms isolated from lake water and soil samples(3-5). n-Hexane, and 12 other components of gasoline were completely degraded using an activated sludge inoculum in less than 30 days(6). n-Hexane, present at 100 mg/L, reached 100% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(7).

AEROBIC: Biodegradation of n-hexane, present at 7% weight as part of a mixture of 13 volatile fuel compounds including methyl tert-butyl ether, was studied in large-scale lysimeter representing depth of a 2.3 m thick sandy unsaturated zone over a gravel aquifer and studied for 70 days. A first-order rate constant of 0.40/day was reported at day 7(1), corresponding to a half-life of 2 days(SRC). The compound was not detected by day-13(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-hexane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 5.61X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 24 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Vapor-phase transport of n-hexane, present at 7% weight as part of a mixture of 13 volatile fuel compounds, including methyl tert-butyl ether, was studied in large-scale lysimeter representing a depth of 2.3 m thick sandy unsaturated zone over a gravel aquifer and studied for 70 days. The initial concentration in vapor was 48.1 g/cu m at 20 °C(2). n-Hexane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). n-Hexane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Estimated lifetime under photochemical smog conditions in SE England: 5.9 hr; photooxidation by ultraviolet light in aqueous medium at 50 °C: 50.51% degradation to carbon dioxide after 24 hr.

An estimated BCF of 170 was calculated in fish for n-hexane(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.90(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-hexane can be estimated to be 130(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-hexane is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for n-hexane is estimated as 1.80 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 153 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 9.5 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-hexane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.7 days(SRC). n-Hexane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of n-hexane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: n-Hexane was identified, not quantified, in drinking water from the US(1). n-Hexane was identified as a contaminant in well water from the Upper Potomac Aquifer which is used as a water supply for New Castle County, DE(2). n-Hexane was identified, not quantified, in water from the River Lee which is used as a water supply for North London England(3).

SURFACE WATER: n-Hexane was detected in 5 of 8 surface water samples in the Gulf of Mexico ranging in concentration from 1.5 to 7.8 ng/L with an average concentration of 4.62 ng/L(1). All 8 near surface sea water samples from the intertropical Indian Ocean contained unspecified amounts of n-hexane(2). n-Hexane was identified as a contaminant present in the waters of Lakes Erie and Ontario(3).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Hexane may be disposed of by atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

Spray into the furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent. Recommendable methods: Incineration, open burning, use as a boiler fuel, & evaporation. Not recommendable method: Landfill. Peer review: Care. Highly flammable. Evaporate only small amt. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

The International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals recommends: "Incineration, open burning, use as a boiler fuel, evaporation. Spray into the furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent. Care, highly inflammable, evaporate only small amounts. Landfill is not recommended".

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot. /Hexanes/

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Hexanes/

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Hexanes/

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Hexanes/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for N-HEXANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1208; Hexanes

IMO 3.2; Hexanes

49 081 83; Hexane

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II