amylmercaptan

H225 (12.6%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (99.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332 (99%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1472 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1-Pentanethiol:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very large quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

To fight fire, use foam, /carbon dioxide/, dry chemical.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for n-Amyl mercaptan (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Liquid floats on water and may travel to a source of ignition and spread fire.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Cover the spilled material with inert absorbent. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Emergency response personal protective equipment: Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Spill or leak procedures: Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Cover the spilled material with absorbent material. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Use explosion-proof equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for n-Amyl mercaptan (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof.

Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Light sensitive. Store under inert gas. Moisture sensitive. Stench.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing materials. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

C 0.5 ppm (2.1 mg/m3) [15-minute]

See: IDLH INDEX

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1-Pentanethiol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for n-Amyl mercaptan (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Up to 5 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator

Up to 12.5 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)

Up to 25 ppm:

(APF = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister

(APF = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s)

Amyl mercaptan appears as a clear colorless to light-yellow liquid with an offensive odor. Flash point 65 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors are heavier than air. May be toxic by inhalation.

Water-white to yellowish liquid with a strong, garlic-like odor; [NIOSH] Odor is strong and offensive; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colourless liquid; Meaty aroma

Water-white to yellowish liquid with a strong, garlic-like odor.

Water-white to yellowish liquid ...

Water-white to light-yellow liquid

Colorless liquid

Penetrating, unpleasant odor

Meaty odor

Strong, offensive odor

... Strong garlic-like odor.

248 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

126.6 °C

BP: 123-124 °C

at 61.3kPa: 126.6 °C

124-126 °C

-105 °F (USCG, 1999)

-75.69 °C

Liquid molar volume = 0.124405 cu m/kmol. Heat of formation = -1.0979X10+8 J/kmol. Heat of fusion = 1.7531X10+7 J/kmol at melting point.

-75.7 °C

65 °F (USCG, 1999)

18 °C (64 °F) - closed cup

65 °F (18 °C) (Open cup)

(oc) 65 °F

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

In water, 156 mg/L at 20 °C

In water, 156 mg/L at 25 °C

Insoluble in water

Miscible with ethanol, ether

0.156 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water: none

Sparingly soluble in water

Soluble (in ethanol)

Insoluble

0.8392 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.850 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Bulk density = 6.99 lb/gal; density: 0.83-0.84 at 20 °C; mercaptan content greater than 90%; initial BP above 104.0 °C, final below 120 °C ... These properties vary with proportions of isomers

Relative density (water = 1): 0.84

0.831-0.844

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Sulfides, Organic

Highly Flammable

AMYL MERCAPTAN is incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, alkali metals, calcium hypochlorite, concentrated nitric acid (NIOSH, 2024).

Incompatible materials: Bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, alkali metals.

... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Hypergolic reaction with concentrated nitric acid.

Reacts with acids, bases and strong oxidants.

Oxidizers, reducing agents, alkali metals, calcium hypochlorite, concentrated nitric acid.

Oxidizers, reducing agents, alkali metals, calcium hypochlorite, concentrated nitric acid

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Amyl mercaptan is a liquid. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds and as a synthetic flavoring agent. It is the chief constituent of the odorant used in gas lines to locate leaks. HUMAN STUDIES: Potential symptoms of overexposure include headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatitis, skin sensitization, and irritation of eyes, skin, nose, throat, and respiratory system. ANIMAL STUDIES: No skin irritation was reported in rabbits after a 24 hr exposure, but marked eye irritation in rabbits lasted for 3 days. A range-finding study found inhalation of 2000 ppm for 4 hr killed two to four rats out of six exposed. In rats, amyl mercaptan produced stomach ulcers and adrenal gland damage at dosages that cause 70-100% mortality in 5 days.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Headache. Nausea. Cough.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Headache. Nausea.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; headache, nausea, dizziness; vomiting, diarrhea; dermatitis, skin sensitization

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Other Poison - Chemical Asphyxiant

LCLo (rat) = 2000 ppm/4h

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Sulfur and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Sulfur and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; headache, nausea, dizziness; vomiting, diarrhea; dermatitis, skin sensitization.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A range-finding study found inhalation of 2000 ppm for 4 hr killed two to four rats out of six exposed.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ /A study in rats/ produced stomach ulcers and adrenal gland damage with n-pentyl mercaptan at dosages that cause 70-100% mortality in 5 days.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ No skin irritation was reported in rabbits after a 24 hr exposure, but marked eye irritation in rabbits lasted for 3 days.

n-Amyl mercaptan's production and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds and synthetic flavoring agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an odorant in gas lines to locate leaks will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 13.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-amyl mercaptan will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl mercaptan will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours. n-Amyl mercaptan absorbs UV light at wavelength 210 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm. If released to soil, n-amyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 130. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation data in soil or water where not available. If released into water, n-amyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 30 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to amyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-amyl mercaptan is produced or used. Use data suggest that the general population may be exposed via ingestion of foods containing n-amyl mercaptan as a flavoring. (SRC)

n-Amyl mercaptan is reported to be found in nature(1).

Small quantities /of n-amyl mercaptan/ occur in natural gas deposits with crude oil or in decaying animal or plant tissue.

n-Amyl mercaptan's production and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds and synthetic flavoring agent(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as an odorant used in gas lines to locate leaks(1,2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 130(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-amyl mercaptan from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 13.8 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(4). n-Amyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 130(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 13.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 30(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.74(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2018).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-amyl mercaptan, which has a vapor pressure of 13.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl mercaptan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). n-Amyl mercaptan absorbs UV light at wavelength 210 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm(SRC).

PURE CULTURE: n-Amyl mercaptan, present at 500 mg/L, exhibited 375 mg/L O2 uptake in 168 hours using an activated sludge microbe (Alcaligenes faecalis) inoculum at 2,500 bacterial cells/L and the Warburg respirometer test at 20 °C(1). In general, thiol chemicals, such as n-amyl mercapatan, were not as readily oxidized as were the corresponding alcohols(1). However, pure culture studies such as this are not appropriate for evaluating environmental biodegradation(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-amyl mercaptan with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.56X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). n-Amyl mercaptan is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). n-Amyl mercaptan absorbs UV light at wavelength 210 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 30 was calculated in fish for n-amyl mercaptan(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.74(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-amyl mercaptan can be estimated to be 130(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-amyl mercaptan is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for n-amyl mercaptan is estimated as 1.2X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 13.8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility,156 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-amyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). n-Amyl mercaptan's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of n-amyl mercaptan from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Reported Uses: baked goods, 0.8 ppm; breakfast cereals, 0.8 ppm; fats, oils, 0.04 ppm; milk products, 0.8 ppm; meat products, 0.8 ppm; confection, frosting, 0.8 ppm; soups, 0.8 ppm; nonalcoholic beverages, 0.8 ppm.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28 workers are potentially exposed to n-amyl mercaptan in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-amyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-amyl mercaptan is produced or used. Use data suggest that the general population may be exposed via ingestion of foods containing n-amyl mercaptan as a flavoring(SRC).

n-Amyl mercaptan's production and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds and synthetic flavoring agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an odorant in gas lines to locate leaks will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 13.8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-amyl mercaptan will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl mercaptan will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours. n-Amyl mercaptan absorbs UV light at wavelength 210 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm. If released to soil, n-amyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 130. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation data in soil or water where not available. If released into water, n-amyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 30 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to amyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-amyl mercaptan is produced or used. Use data suggest that the general population may be exposed via ingestion of foods containing n-amyl mercaptan as a flavoring. (SRC)

n-Amyl mercaptan is reported to be found in nature(1).

Small quantities /of n-amyl mercaptan/ occur in natural gas deposits with crude oil or in decaying animal or plant tissue.

n-Amyl mercaptan's production and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds and synthetic flavoring agent(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as an odorant used in gas lines to locate leaks(1,2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 130(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl mercaptan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-amyl mercaptan from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 13.8 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(4). n-Amyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 130(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl mercaptan is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 13.8 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 156 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 30(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.74(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2018).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-amyl mercaptan, which has a vapor pressure of 13.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl mercaptan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). n-Amyl mercaptan absorbs UV light at wavelength 210 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm(SRC).

PURE CULTURE: n-Amyl mercaptan, present at 500 mg/L, exhibited 375 mg/L O2 uptake in 168 hours using an activated sludge microbe (Alcaligenes faecalis) inoculum at 2,500 bacterial cells/L and the Warburg respirometer test at 20 °C(1). In general, thiol chemicals, such as n-amyl mercapatan, were not as readily oxidized as were the corresponding alcohols(1). However, pure culture studies such as this are not appropriate for evaluating environmental biodegradation(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-amyl mercaptan with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.56X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). n-Amyl mercaptan is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). n-Amyl mercaptan absorbs UV light at wavelength 210 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis since sunlight consists of wavelengths above 290 nm(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 30 was calculated in fish for n-amyl mercaptan(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.74(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-amyl mercaptan can be estimated to be 130(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-amyl mercaptan is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for n-amyl mercaptan is estimated as 1.2X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 13.8 mm Hg(1), and water solubility,156 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-amyl mercaptan is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). n-Amyl mercaptan's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of n-amyl mercaptan from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Reported Uses: baked goods, 0.8 ppm; breakfast cereals, 0.8 ppm; fats, oils, 0.04 ppm; milk products, 0.8 ppm; meat products, 0.8 ppm; confection, frosting, 0.8 ppm; soups, 0.8 ppm; nonalcoholic beverages, 0.8 ppm.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28 workers are potentially exposed to n-amyl mercaptan in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-amyl mercaptan may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-amyl mercaptan is produced or used. Use data suggest that the general population may be exposed via ingestion of foods containing n-amyl mercaptan as a flavoring(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 130 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for n-Amyl mercaptan (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1111; Amyl mercaptan

IMO 3; Amyl mercaptan

49 091 19; Amyl mercaptan

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Amyl mercaptan is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Amyl mercaptan is included on the dangerous goods list.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II