Glycol monoethyl ether

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H360FD: May damage fertility; May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P318, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302 (> 99.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (27.3%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (74.1%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (25.8%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H360 (88.4%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H360FD (16.5%): May damage fertility; May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1236 reports by companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P318, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, dry chemical.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: protective clothing, protective gloves and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Personal precautions: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.

SPILLAGE DISPOSAL: Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U359 and F005 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Concentrated waste containing no peroxides, discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. Concentrated containing peroxides; perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance followed by open burning.

Spray into furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent. Recommendable method: Incineration.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

... Substitution of less irritating substances ... redesign of operations ... prevent contact, provision of a physical barrier against contact, proper washing facilities, work clothing and storage facilities ... and barrier creams. Medical control ...

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Keep in the dark. Cool.

Conditions for safe storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - 2-Ethoxyacetic acid in urine = 40 mg/g creatinine; end of shift at end of workweek;

2.0 [ppm], sum of the concentrations of CAS 110-80-5 and its acetate in air[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

16 [ppm]

83 [ppm]

500 [ppm]

0.5 ppm (18 mg/m³)

TWA 0.5 ppm (1.8 mg/m3) [skin]

200.0 [ppm]

200 ppm (740 mg/m³)

TWA 200 ppm (740 mg/m3) [skin]

500 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

500.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: Some investigators have stated that at ordinary room temperatures substantially saturated atmospheres (i.e., about 6,000 ppm) will not produce serious injury in 1 hour [Waite et al. 1930]. \\ Human data: Volunteers with some work experience reported that odor levels of 125 ppm were noticeable and that the odor level that would be intolerable was greater than 255 ppm [Clayton and Clayton 1982].

See: 110805

5.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: 2-ethoxyacetic acid in urine; Sampling Time: end of shift at end of workweek; BEI: 100 mg/g creatinine.

5 ppm as TWA; (skin); BEI issued.

5 ppm [1981]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.

CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system and blood. This may result in impaired functions and metabolic acidosis. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking. The substance may have effects on the blood and bone marrow. This may result in anaemia and lesions of blood cells. May cause toxicity to human reproduction or development.

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point of 120 °F. Less dense than water. Its vapors are heavier than air.

Colorless liquid with a sweet, pleasant, ether-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS OILY LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a sweet, pleasant, ether-like odor.

Colorless liquid

Sweet, pleasant, ether-like odor

Mild, agreeable odor

Practically odorless

SLIGHTLY BITTER

275 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

135.7 °C

135.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

135 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-94 °F (NTP, 1992)

105 °F (NTP, 1992)

110 °F (43 °C) (closed cup)

120 °F (49 °C) open cup

44 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with water

Very soluble in acetone, ethyl ether, ethanol

Miscible with hydrocarbons

Miscible in all proportions of acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, methanol, and water.

1000 mg/mL

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

0.931 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9253 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Bulk density: 7.74 lb at 20 °C; pour point: less than 37.7 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.93

0.9253 @25 °C

3.1 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.1

3.8 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

5.31 [mmHg]

5.31 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.2

7.5 [mm Hg] @30 °C

log Kow = -0.32

Henry's Law constant = 4.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Flammable. Water soluble.

Alcohols and Polyols

Peroxidizable Compound

ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER may react with oxidizing materials, i.e. hydrogen peroxide, to form peroxides. It dissolves many oils, resins and waxes. (NTP, 1992)

Polyacrylamide gels were dissolved in 30% peroxide solution and added to a scintillation mixture in 1:1 2-ethoxyethanol-toluene. After counting, the mixtures were bulked and evaporated intermittently with heat during a 4 week period, and the accumulated peroxidised residues eventually exploded violently. A subsequent comment indicated that peroxidised materials may not peroxide are themselves potentially explosive.

Strong oxidizers.

Attacks many plastics and rubber.

The substance can form explosive peroxides. Reacts with strong oxidants. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Attacks many plastics and rubber.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Strong oxidizers

2-Ethoxyethanol (cellosolves)

B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)

On the basis of the animal and clinical data included in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that Ethoxyethanol and Ethoxyethanol Acetate are unsafe for use in cosmetic products.

The ingredient is unsafe for use in cosmetics

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl ether (EGEE) is a colorless liquid with mild, agreeable odor. It is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers and dopes; in varnish removers, cleansing solutions, dye baths; finishing leather with water pigments and dye solutions; increasing stability of emulsions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Short-term exposure: The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract, may cause effects on the central nervous system, blood, bone marrow, kidneys and liver. Exposure at high levels could cause unconsciousness. Long-term or repeated exposure: The liquid defats the skin, may have effects on the blood and bone marrow. The major long-term effects of exposure for humans are developmental, testicular, and hematological toxicity. A cross-sectional evaluation of semen quality was carried out in workers exposed to EGEE. A control group of workers from the same plant was included. Workers exposed to EGEE had significantly lower average sperm counts than controls, although both groups had lower sperm counts than those found in other occupational groups. In other study, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell indices, total and differential white blood cell counts, and platelet count were measured in shipyard painters and control subjects as part of a cross-sectional, observational study of the effects of ethylene glycol ethers. A significant proportion of painters were anemic (10%) and granulocytopenic (5%); none of the controls were affected. ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES: EGEE administered sc for 4 weeks at doses of up to 0.38 g/kg/day caused no deaths in rats. Dose levels of 0.185 and 0.38 g/kg caused dyspnea, somnolence, mild ataxia, some growth depression in females, and reduction of hemoglobin levels and hematocrit values. At the 0.38 g/kg level interstitial testicular edema, dissociation of liver parenchyma and tubular lesions of the kidney were observed. The effects of EGEE on testicular cell populations in pubertal and adult male rats were investigated. In adult rats, the treatment of EGEE at the dose of 400 mg/kg bw decreased significantly the populations of haploid cells, while it increased those of diploid and tetraploid cells. In pubertal rats, the treatment of EGEE at the dose of 400 mg/kg bw caused only minimal changes in the relative percent of testicular cell types. Thus the effects of EGEE on testicular function in pubertal rats appear to be less pronounced than in adult rats. Developmental studies utilizing inhalation exposure of rats and rabbits during gestation were conducted with EGEE. It was strongly embryotoxic at the higher exposure levels employed and was teratogenic at the lower concentration. In other study, mice were intubated during gestation and were evaluated for signs of EGEE toxicity. EGEE produced embryo lethality and malformations, and decreased fetal weight at a dose level which was not maternally toxic in the teratology probe. In the postnatal study, EGEE decreased litter size and neonatal body weight, while litter size continued to decrease beyond neonatal period. Body weights of surviving pups were not significantly different from control. Pups exposed prenatally to EGEE developed kinked tail which was not apparent in fetuses or neonates. Histologic studies on the effects of EGEE identified dividing spermatocyte as a primary target cell type in the testis. Further studies were undertaken to assess possible effects of EGEE on late-stage and epididymal spermatids, and spermatogonia. Adult male rats were dosed orally with EGEE up to 200 mg /kg/day for 5 days. Each male was then mated with two females weekly for 8 weeks. The fertility of males treated with 200 mg EGEE/kg declined at week 4, and remained low. There was a decrease in the number of litters sired at week 5 after dosing in the 100 mg EGEE/kg group. There were time- and dose-related decreases in sperm concentration and motility, primarily in the 100 and 200 mg/kg groups, as well as concurrent elevations in the number of abnormal sperm forms in the epididymis. Behavioral and neurochemical alterations were seen in the offspring of rats exposed to EGEE. EGEE was positive in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells for the induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges. EGEE was negative in the Salmonella and mouse lymphoma assays and in the Drosophila test for sex linked recessive lethal mutations. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The acute toxicity of EGEE is very low for arthropods (LC50 > 4 g/L) and for freshwater fish (LC50 > 10 g/L).

2-Ethoxyethanol

Hematologic

Reproductive

2 x 10 ^-1 mg/m^3

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Drowsiness. Headache. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

In Animals: irritation eyes, respiratory system; blood changes; liver, kidney, lung damage; reproductive, teratogenic effects

Eyes, respiratory system, blood, kidneys, liver, reproductive system, hematopoietic system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Aplastic anemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

9 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

1 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

4 x 10^-2 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Memo

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 2,000 ppm/7 hr

...The minimum lethal oral dose /of ethylene glycol/ in humans is approximately 1.4 mL/kg, /which would be equivalent to approximately 100 mL for a 70 kg person/. /Ethylene glycol/

LD50 Mouse ip 1700 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat ip 2000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat dermal 3900 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inh 2000 ppm/7hr

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (40 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-ethoxyethanol, induced complete embryomortality in pregnant rats exposed to three times the current Federal permissible exposure limit (PEL). Following exposure to ethoxyethanol at a concentration only one-half the current PEL, the offspring evidenced behavioral and neurochemical deviations from controls. Subsequent studies found that ingestion of ethanol with concomitant inhalation of ethoxyethanol vapors early in pregnancy appeared to reduce the number of both behavioral and neurochemical deviations found for ethoxyethanol. In contrast, the concomitant exposure to ethanol and ethoxyethanol later in gestation potentiated the behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethoxyethanol. This research indicates that the industrial solvent 2-ethoxyethanol presents an occupational reproductive hazard and raises the issue of the importance of an interaction of social habits with occupational exposure to such hazards. The results would suggest that occupational physicians should advise pregnant workers in the chemical industry of the adverse effects of ethanol during pregnancy and of the possible interactions with other chemicals and should encourage them to be especially cautious with ethanol consumption since they may be at greater risk.

Behavioral and neurochemical deviations in the offspring of rats exposed to 100 ppm ethoxyethanol during gestation have been reported previously. Since this compound is likely metabolized in the same manner as ethanol, the present study investigated the interactive effects of ethanol and ethoxyethanol on prenatal development. Groups of 15-20 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given 10% ethanol in the drinking water with or without concomitant inhalation exposure to 100 ppm ethoxyethanol during gestation days 7-13 or 14-20. Another group was exposed to 200 ppm ethoxyethanol on gestation days 7-13, and sham-exposed controls were included for both gestation periods. Ethanol alone on days 14-20 and 200 ppm ethoxyethanol reduced overall weight gain during pregnancy. As in the previous research, pregnancy duration was extended in the groups given ethoxyethanol, but not in groups given ethanol alone. Neuromotor ability, as assessed by an ascent test and by a rotorod, was reduced by 200 ppm ethoxyethanol and by ethanol alone on gestation days 7-13. The group given ethanol plus ethoxyethanol on days 14-20 spent significantly longer in the start area of an open field, and this group as well as that given 200 ppm ethoxyethanol were less active than controls in the open field and in the shuttle box. When compared with previous research, it appears that ethanol early in gestation may reduce the effects, but later in gestation may enhance the effects of prenatal ethoxyethanol.

Repeated exposure of workers to /2-Methoxyethanol/ (2-ME) and /2-Ethoxyethanol/ (2-EE), in addition to other solvents, resulted in anaemia, leucopenia, general weakness, and ataxia.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals cause reproductive dysfunction by interacting with intricate regulation and cellular processes involve in spermatogenesis. This study investigated the probable mechanism of action of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) as an antiandrogenic compound as well as the effects of kolaviron upon co-administration with EGEE in rats. Adult male rats were exposed to EGEE (200 mg/kg bw) separately or in combination with either kolaviron [100 (KV1) and 200 (KV2) mg/kg bw] or vitamin E (50 mg/kg bw) for 14 days. Western blot analysis revealed that the administration of EGEE adversely affected steroidogenesis in experimental rats by decreasing the expression of steroid acute regulatory (StAR) protein and androgen-binding protein (ABP). EGEE significantly decreased the activities of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) but markedly increased sialic acid concentration in rat testes. EGEE-treated rats showed significant decreases in plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (31%), testosterone (57.1%), prolactin (80.9%), triiodothyronine (65.3%) and thyroxine (41.4%), whereas follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly elevated by 76.9% compared to the control. However, co-administration of kolaviron or vitamin E significantly reversed the EGEE-induced steroidogenic dysfunction in rats. This study suggests that kolaviron may prove promising as a chemoprotective agent against endocrine pathology resulting from EGEE exposure.

Emergency and supportive measures. 1. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. 2. Treat coma, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmia and metabolic acidosis if they occur. Observe the patient for several hours to monitor for development of metabolic acidosis, especially if the patient is symptomatic or there is a known co-ingestion of ethanol. 3. Treat hypocalcemia with intravenous calcium gluconate or calcium chloride. /Ethylene glycol and other glycols/

Specific drugs and antidotes: 1. Administer fomepizole or ethanol to saturate the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase and prevent metabolism of ethylene glycol to its toxic metabolites. Indications for therapy include the following: a. Ethylene glycol level is higher than 20 mg/dL. b. History of ethylene glycol ingestion is accompanied by an osmole gap greater than 10 mOsm/L not accounted for by ethanol or other alcohols. 2. Administer pyridoxine, folate, and thiamine, cofactors required for the metabolism of ethylene glycol that may alleviate toxicity by enhancing metabolism of glyoxylic acid to nontoxic metabolites. /Ethylene glycol and other glycols/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill); Concentration: >10000 mg/L for 96hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Artemia salina (brine shrimp); Concentration: 4000 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Poecilia reticulata (guppy); Concentration: 16400 mg/L for 7 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Artemia salina (brine shrimp); Conditions: saltwater, static, 24.5 °C, >10000 mg/L for 24 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicity of /2-Ethoxyethanol/ (2-EE) is very low for ... freshwater fish (LC50 > 10 g/L).

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ The acute toxicity of /2-Ethoxyethanol/ (2-EE) is very low for arthropods (LC50 > 4 g/L).

2.60e+03

1.50e+04

4.20e+01

1.80e+02

8.00e+01

2.00e+00

1.60e-02

9.00e-02

4.00e-02

Volatile

1.06e+05

7.80e+03

4.40e+04

1.30e+02

5.30e+02

2.40e+02

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers and dopes, in varnish removers, cleansing solutions, and dye baths may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.31 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethylene glycol monoethyl ether will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylene glycol monoethyl ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 hrs. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 76% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 74 and 540 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol monoethyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethylene glycol monoethyl ether via inhalation of ambient air. (SRC)

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, lacquers and dopes, increment stability of emulsions, in varnish removers, cleansing solutions, dye baths, finishing leather with water pigments and dye solution(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.32(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4). Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.31 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 76% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.32(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 74 and 540 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 76% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 5.31 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 22 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.54X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, present at 100 mg/L, reached 76% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). In pilot-scale activated sludge systems, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was reduced from 2,284 mg/L in the feed to 18 mg/L in the effluent(2). No ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was detected in the off-gas or waste mixed liquor samples(2).

AEROBIC: Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether reached 65% of the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) in 5 days using adapted effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant at 20 °C(1). Five day, 20 °C ThOD values of 7.6% and 54.3% were observed for ethylene glycol monoethyl ether upon incubation with sewage seed and acclimated activated sludge seed, respectively(2). Upon incubation of 5-10 ppm ethylene glycol monoethyl ether with activated sludge for 5 days at 20 °C, 81% of the theoretical BOD was achieved(3). After 5 days incubation of 50 mg/L ethylene glycol monoethyl ether in a Warburg respirometer at 20 °C with acclimated activated sludge, 54% of the theoretical BOD was achieved(4).

PURE CULTURE: Ethanol and acetate ions were the products of the incubation of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether with Pelobactor venetianus sp Nov, a strict anaerobe of marine and limnic origin(1). Ethoxyacetic acid was obtained from a culture of the soil bacterium, Alcaligenes MC11, supplemented with ethylene glycol monoethyl ether(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.54X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 22 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A half-life for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with ethylene glycol monoethyl ether in water at pH 9 of about 2.2 yr was obtained from a rate constant of 1.0X10+9 L/mol sec and a hydroxyl radical concentration in water of 1X10-17 M(2). Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF value of 3 was calculated for ethylene glycol monoethyl ether(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.32(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is estimated as 2(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.32(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is 4.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 74 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 540 days(SRC). Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.31 mm Hg(3).

SURFACE WATER: Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was detected in the Hayashida River water (Japan) - 250-1200 ppb(1).

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was detected in active compost blower exhaust at 9 ug/cu m(1).

URBAN/SUBUBAN: Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was not detected (detection limit of 0.65 ug/cu m), in sampling of 75 residential houses in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada during the winter of 2002/2003(1).

INDOOR AIR: Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was detected in residential indoor air at three different sites in Italy at 6, 60, and 10 ug/cu m(1). Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was identified, not quantified, in indoor air of 22 out of 26 homes sampled in Finland(2). Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether was identified, not quantified, in indoor air of Belgium following the use of a liquid wax for floors and tiles(3). The compound was detected at a range of 0.065-27.14 ug/cu m, detection frequency of 3%, as a result of sampling of 75 residential houses in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada during the winter of 2002/2003(4).

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether has been qualitatively detected as a volatile flavor component in fried bacon(1), beef(2), and pork(2).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U359 and F005 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Concentrated waste containing no peroxides, discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. Concentrated containing peroxides; perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance followed by open burning.

Spray into furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent. Recommendable method: Incineration.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1171; Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether

IMO 3; Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether

49 131 16; Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Airtight. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III