cyclohexene

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H304 (95.2%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H311 (39.4%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H411 (57.7%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P316, P321, P330, P331, P361+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 104 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P319, P330, P331, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P330, P331, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Cyclohexene:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (ie, liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool. Well closed. Store only if stabilized.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

60 [ppm]

330 [ppm]

2000 [ppm]

TWA 300 ppm (1015 mg/m3)

300.0 [ppm]

300 ppm (1015 mg/m³)

2000 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

2000.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: A chronic inhalation study (6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 6 months) in rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits at concentrations of 150, 300, and 600 ppm showed that although significant increases in alkaline phosphatase occurred in all three groups, most of the hematologic parameters measured were within normal limits [Laham 1976].

2000 ppm

See: 110838

20.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 300 ppm.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

20 ppm as TWA

20 ppm (67 mg/m3) [2020]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Cyclohexene:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Cyclohexene appears as a colorless liquid. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Flash point 20 °F. Vapors heavier than air. Inhalation of high concentrations may have a narcotic effect. Used to make other chemicals.

Colorless liquid with a sweet odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with a sweet odor.

Colorless liquid

Sweet odor

181 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

83 °C at 760 mm Hg

83 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-154 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-103.5 °C

-103.7 °C

11 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

<20 °F (<-7 °C) (Closed cup)

11 °F CC

-6 °C c.c.

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

MISCIBLE IN BENZENE, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, PETROLEUM ETHER

Miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone, and benzene

In water, 213 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

0.81 (NIOSH, 2024) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8110 at 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.81

0.8102 @25 °C

2.8 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.8

67 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

89.0 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 8.9

89 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 2.86

Henry's Law constant = 4.55X10-2 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

471 °F (244 °C)

0.625 mPa.s at 25 °C

3751.7 kJ/mole at 25 °C /liquid/

30.46 kJ/mole at boiling point; 33.47 kJ/mole at 25 °C

26.56 mN/m

/Cyclohexene/ may polymerize under certain conditions.

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

Peroxidizable Compound

CYCLOHEXENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. In the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators, may undergo exothermic addition polymerization reactions. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick, 1979 p.151-154].

Strong oxidizers [Note: Forms explosive peroxides with oxygen upon storage.]

Cyclohexene

B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)

5 samples had 0-50 ppm peroxide; age &gt;1 - 30 yrs

Oxidizes readily in air to form explosive levels of peroxides. See Bretherick's and Cameo.

http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1054.htm

https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/3049

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Drowsiness.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness.

Drowsiness. Laboured breathing. Nausea.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; drowsiness

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Cyclohexene

5 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

5 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

LC (rat) = > 6,370 ppm/4H

LD50 Rat oral 2.4 mL (1946 mg)/kg

LD50 Mouse oral >3.2 mL (2595 mg)/kg

LD50 Guinea pig oral >20 mL (16220 mg)/kg

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously.Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Hydrophobic hydrocarbons of this type would be expected to induce pulmonary damage, transient CNS depression of excitement, and secondary effects of hypoxia, infection, pneumatocele formation, and chronic lung dysfunction. Cardiac complications are rare.[Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 4:178]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ACUTE ... SYMPTOMS: Inhalation--cough and drowsiness; Skin--redness and dry skin; Eyes--redness; Ingestion--drowsiness, labored breathing and nausea.[IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Cyclohexene. (October 1999). Available from, as of October 04, 2006: http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1054.htm]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE: /Cyclohexene/ irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. Swallowing the liquid may cause aspiration into the lungs with the risk of chemical pneumonitis ... /It/ may cause effects on the central nervous system. EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE: The liquid defats the skin.[IPCS, CEC; International Chemical Safety Card on Cyclohexene. (October 1999). Available from, as of October 04, 2006: http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1054.htm]

/BIOMONITORING/ Hydroxylated and conjugated metabolites are eliminated in the urine and may be quantitated by gas or high pressure liquid chromatography.[Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 4:177]

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Toxicity ... is low, although it is an irritant, and defats the skin on direct contact. It is an anesthetic and CNS depressant. When ingested, it represents a low to moderate pulmonary aspiration hazard.[Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 4:177]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...Lab animals ... seriously affected at 8,850 ppm & lethal at 14,800 ppm in single exposures.[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634 2005., p. 1]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Sprague-Dawley rats were given cyclohexene by gavage at doses of 0, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg bw. Three out of five males or females in the 2,000 mg/kg bw group showed some clinical signs such as abnormal gait, adoption of a prone position, salivation, piloerection and tremors, and then died within three days. Lacrimation was observed in both sexes just after dosing at 1,000 mg/kg and more. Hypoactivity were observed in both sexes of all dose groups. Necropsy of the dead animals revealed pulmonary congestion. The LD50 values were between 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg bw for both sexes.[OECD; Screening Information Data Set for Cyclohexene, CAS #110-83-8 (October 2002). Available from, as of October 05, 2006: http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/110838.pdf]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Concentrations of 30 mg/L cause a loss of righting reflex in the mouse, and 45 to 50 mg/L is lethal. Dogs exhibit tremors and staggering gait following exposure.[Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 4:177]

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ SD rats (12 animals/sex/dose) received gavage doses of 0 (vehicle: corn oil), 50, 150 and 500 mg/kg bw/day ... Males were dosed for 48 days and females for 42 to 53 days from 14 days before mating to day 4 of lactation throughout the mating and pregnancy period. Salivation was observed in 3 of 12 males and 2 of 12 females at 150 mg/kg bw/day and in all of 12 males and 12 females at 500 mg/kg bw/day. This sign was observed only for about 5 minutes after dosing at 150 mg/kg bw/day but up to 6 hours after dosing at 500 mg/kg bw/day. No significant changes of body weight, food consumption and hematological findings for both sexes and urinalysis findings for males were detected. Blood chemical examination showed a decrease in triglyceride in males at 150 and 500 mg/kg bw/day, and increases in total bilirubin in males at 500 mg/kg bw/day and in total bile acid in females at 50 mg/kg bw/day and in both sexed at 150 mg/kg bw/day and above. In males of the 500 mg/kg bw/day group, there was an increase in relative kidney weight. On histopathological examinations, no dose-related changes were observed. The increase in total bile acid observed in females at 50 mg/kg bw/day was not considered to be an adverse effect because of no accompanying changes. Therefore, based on salivation at 150 mg/kg bw/day, the NOAEL for repeated dose toxicity was considered to be 50 mg/kg bw/day for both sexes.[OECD; Screening Information Data Set for Cyclohexene, CAS #110-83-8 (October 2002). Available from, as of October 05, 2006: http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/110838.pdf]

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXENE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; /conditions of bioassay not specified/; Concentration: = 720 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: behavior, equilibrium /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; renewal; Concentration: 2900 ug/L for 15 d; Effect: reproduction, reproduction, general /active ingredient/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 5300 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobile /active ingredient/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: > 50000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.10e+02

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; /conditions of bioassay not specified/; Concentration: = 720 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: behavior, equilibrium /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; renewal; Concentration: 2900 ug/L for 15 d; Effect: reproduction, reproduction, general /active ingredient/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 5300 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobile /active ingredient/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: > 50000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.10e+02

3.10e+03

1.00e+03

4.40e+03

7.00e+01

2.00e+02

4.60e-02

5.00e-03

1.00e+00

Volatile

2.83e+02

9.30e+02

9.20e+03

1.30e+04

2.10e+02

Cyclohexene's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacture of adipic acid, maleic acid, and hexahydrobenzoic acid may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an extrapolated vapor pressure of 89 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates cyclohexene will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclohexene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone, and nighttime nitrate radicals. The half-lives for these reactions in air are 6, 2, and 4 hours, respectively. Cyclohexene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, cyclohexene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 850. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.55X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. Cyclohexene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its extrapolated vapor pressure. A 0% theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test, suggests that biodegradation is not a fast process. If released into water, cyclohexene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 hour and 4 days, respectively. BCF values ranging from 23-45 measured in fish, suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Cyclohexene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to cyclohexene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclohexene is produced or used. (SRC)

Cyclohexene's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacture of adipic acid, maleic acid, and hexahydrobenzoic acid(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

OCCURS IN COAL TAR.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 850(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.86(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclohexene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyclohexene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.55X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4). Cyclohexene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 89 mm Hg(5). A 0% theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(6), suggests that biodegradation is not a fast process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 850(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.86(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclohexene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.55X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 hour and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values ranging from 23-45 measured in fish(6), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC). A 0% theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(6), suggests that biodegradation is not a fast process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclohexene, which has a an extrapolated vapor pressure of 89 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclohexene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone, and nitrate radicals(SRC). The half-life for the reaction with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.77X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(3). The half-life for the reaction with ozone is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.04X10-16 cu-cm/molec-sec(4). The half-life for the reaction with nitrate radicals is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.9X10-12 cu-cm/molec-sec(5).

AEROBIC: Cyclohexene, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). Approximately 20% of THOD was observed when cyclohexene was incubated with activated sewage sludge acclimated to benzene(2). Cyclohexene did not support growth of two strains of Cladosporium resinae isolated from aircraft jet fuels systems when used as the sole carbon source(3,4). 2- and 3-cyclohexene-1-ol were produced in the oxidation of cyclohexene by Pseudomonas oleovorans(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclohexene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 6.77X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclohexene with ozone has been measured as 2.04X10-16 cu-cm/molec-sec at 21 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 molec/cu-cm(2). An experimental rate constant of 1.9X10-12 cu-cm/molec-sec at 25 °C(3) has been measured for the gas-phase reaction of cyclohexene with nighttime nitrate radicals. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 2X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(4). Cyclohexene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(5). Cyclohexene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(5). Products from the reaction of cyclohexene with ozone are adipaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, pentanal, formic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, 6-oxohexanoic acid, adipic acid, 5-oxopentanoic acid, and glutaric acid(6-8).

BCF values ranging from 23-45 and 12-38 were measured for carp exposed to 10 and 100 ug/L, respectively of cyclohexene during a 28 day incubation period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF range suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate(SRC).

The Koc of cyclohexene is estimated as 850 (SRC), using a log Kow of 2.86(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyclohexene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for cyclohexene is 4.55X10-2 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that cyclohexene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Cyclohexene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Cyclohexene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a an extrapolated vapor pressure of 89 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: Cyclohexene has been qualitatively detected in drinking water(1). Detected in drinking water, date and location not provided, at a concentration of 0.13 ug/L(2).

GROUNDWATER: Cyclohexene was detected at levels ranging from 0.00317 to 2.29 mg/L in groundwater at a Marine Corp base in Beaufort, SC(1).

Cyclohexene has been detected in 2 of 46 US industrial effluent samples; electronics effluent at 83 ng/uL and at 1476 ng/uL(1). Cyclohexene was qualitatively detected in roadside ambient air samples(2), and air samples taken in the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, 1979(3), and in roadway samples in Raleigh, NC, May 1983(4). Cyclohexene was detected at a concentration of 0.19 mg/cu m in the vicinity of an oil fire(5).

SEDIMENT: Cyclohexene was detected in sediment samples taken off the coast of South Africa, Dec to Jan 1975-76, at 10 ng/g dry weight at 8-12 cm depth and 0.1 ng/g at 36-40 cm depth; it was not detected at samples depths of 4-8 or 8-36 cm(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 517 workers (239 of these are female) may be exposed to cyclohexene in the USA(1). Occupational exposure to cyclohexene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclohexene is produced or used(SRC).

Cyclohexene was detected in the air of the vulcanization area of a shoe-sole factory at concn of 3-12 ug/cu m(1).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CYCLOHEXENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2256; Cyclohexene

IMO 3.1; Cyclohexene

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II