piperidine

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H302 (12.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (97.5%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2105 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Piperidine is a basic irritant of skin and mucous membranes. May cause permanent injury after short exposure to small amounts.

Signs and Symptoms of Piperidine Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to piperidine may include irritation and burning of skin and mucous membranes. It may cause respiratory tract, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and CNS damage. Respiratory distress, asthmatic breathing, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, and diarrhea have been reported.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to piperidine may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to piperidine.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to piperidine.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer 100% humidified oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. DO NOT induce vomiting.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 ml) of water (not to exceed 15 ml/kg in a child).

5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 gm (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 gm (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

6. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 gm (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 gm (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

7. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

Keep unnecesary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low area. Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or alcohol foam. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside container. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. (EPA, 1998)

Use water in large amounts, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

This chemical is a flammable liquid. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or alcohol foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. Do not get water inside container. Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Isolate for ½ mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire. Poisonous gases including nitrogen oxides are produced in fire. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156

Powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water in large amounts, carbon dioxide.

Alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.

· For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus.)

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Shut off ignition sources; no flares, smoking, or flames in hazard area. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not get water inside container. Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

(a) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene, etc. Spray the solution into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. (b) Pour into sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sand/soda ash (9:1). After mixing, transfer into a paper carton filled with packing paper. Burn in an open furnace, or more efficiently in the furnace with afterburner and scrubber.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame-consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 132 [Flammable Liquids - Corrosive]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material. For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads). Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, acids, incompatible materials See Chemical Dangers.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well vented area away form oxidizers. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Whenever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

Level of Distinct Odor Awareness = 5.8 ppm

AEGLs Status: Final

6.6 [ppm]

33 [ppm]

110 [ppm]

· Some of these materials may react violently with water.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Do not get water inside containers.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): 8-hr Time-weighted Average (TWA) 1 ppm, skin.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of high levels of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

NO open flames, NO sparks, and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

To prevent inhalation: Ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection. To prevent skin contact: Protective gloves. Protective clothing. To prevent eye contact: Face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Piperidine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pepper-like odor. Less dense than water, but miscible in water. Will float on water. Flash point 37 °F. Melting point -15.8 °F (-9 °C). Boiling point 222.8 °F (106 °C). May severely irritate skin and eyes. May be toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make rubber and as a solvent.

Colorless liquid with an amine odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colourless to pale yellow liquid; Ammoniacal, fishy, nauseating aroma

CLEAR, COLORLESS LIQUID

AMINE-LIKE ODOR

HEAVY, SWEET, FLORAL, ANIMAL ODOR

Odor of pepper

BURNING PEPPERY TASTE

223 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

106 °C at 760 mm Hg

106.00 to 107.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

106 °C @760 [mm Hg]

16 to 19 °F (EPA, 1998)

37.4 to 61 °F (EPA, 1998)

61 °F (16 °C) (closed cup)

16 °C c.c.

Miscible (NTP, 1992)

Miscible in ethanol; soluble in ethyl ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform

Miscible in water

1000 mg/mL at 20 °C

Solubility in water: miscible

Soluble in water, ether

Soluble (in ethanol)

0.8622 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8622 at 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.86

0.858-0.862

0.8622 @25 °C

3 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.0 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.0

40 mmHg at 84.56 °F (EPA, 1998)

32.1 [mmHg]

VP: 40 mm Hg at 29.2 °C

32.1 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 29.2 °C: 5.3

40 [mm Hg] @29.2 °C

log Kow = 0.84

Henry's Law constant = 4.45X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Highly flammable. Miscible in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Highly Flammable

PIPERIDINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Piperidine is a medium strong base. Reacts violently with oxidizers.

Dangerous ... can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Incompatibilities: 1-perchloryl-piperidine

Contact of dicyanofurazan, or its N-oxide (dicyanofuroxan), with ... /piperidine/ ... is instantaneously explosive.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for PIPERIDINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Skin burns. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shock or collapse.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LC50 (mice) = 6,000 mg/m3/2hr

LD50 Mouse oral (female) 536 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral (male) 633 mg/kg

LC50 Mouse inhalation 1723 ppm, 1 hr

LD50 Mouse ip 50 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PIPERIDINE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A study in ddy mice successfully demonstrated that simultaneous administration of nitrite and piperidine led to a marked increase in the incidence of urinary bladder cancer when cholesterol pellets containing piperidine hydrochloride were surgically implanted into the urinary bladder and the rats were given sodium nitrite (0.1%) in their drinking water for 40 weeks. /Piperidine hydrochloride/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

FIRST AID: Inhalation: Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention. Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention. Eye contact: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give plenty of water to drink. Refer for medical attention.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ An irritation threshold of 26 ppm has been reported from studies on human volunteers.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a study in volunteers who received iv infusions of 100 mg piperidine in physiological saline solution for 30 minutes starting at sleep onset, piperidine was not noted to cause any alteration in the standard sleep parameters measured. Sleep-related secretion of growth hormone was enhanced by piperidine.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Piperidine has a pronounced emetic effect in humans. When administered to schizophrenic patients at doses of 1 to 6 g/day, it was shown to cause nausea and a subjective sense of well being.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute local: irritant 3. 3= high: may cause death or permanent injury after very short exposure to small amt. Acute systemic: ingestion 2. 2= moderate: may involve both irreversible & reversible changes not severe enough to cause death or permanent injury.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PIPERIDINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute toxicity data for piperidine are - with exceptions - in relatively good agreement and suggest that as a xenobiotic, piperidine is harmful upon administration via different routes of exposure. The values found for the most frequently determined parameter, the oral LD50 in the rat, are found to be in good agreement at approximately 400 mg/kg body weight. ... The only acute dermal toxicity study available was conducted in the rabbit and yielded an LD50 of 276 mg/kg body weight, demonstrating that the effects of dermal and oral exposure to the chemical are similar. ... The clinical signs seen in acute piperidine intoxication are not very substance-specific. Oral administraiton primarily produces gastrointestinal bleeding and necrosis which are induced by the severe irritant and corrosive properties of the chemical.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Piperidine has a corrosive effect on the skin and eyes of rabbits.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... /Sprague-Dawley/ rats were fasted for 16 to 20 hours before /piperidine/ administration. The prefasted weights were 190 to 300 g. Fixed-dose procedure: Groups of ten rats (five males and five females) were administered the test substance /by gavage/ at concentrations of 5, 50, 500 and 2000 mg/kg. Rats were observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days post dose and were autopsied at the end of the study. ... Up-and-down method: Female rats were dosed, one at a time, starting with the first rat at the best estimate of the LD50. If the first rat was alive at the end of 24 hours, the next rat was given a higher dose. If the first rat died, then the next rat received a lower dose. The dose for the next rat was increased or decreased by a factor of 1.3. ... Rats were observed for signs of toxicity for 14 days post dose and were autopsied at the end of the study. Only females were used because they are generally equal in sensitivity or more sensitive /than/ males. Up-and-down method LD50 = 337 mg/kg (95% confidence limit of 245 - 465 mg/kg). ... clinical signs ... observed /in the fixed dose group/ during the 14-day observation period: decreased motor activity, respiratory effects, tremors, blanching and piloerection. These clinical signs were observed within one-day post dose and lasted for one day. No autopsy findings were noted. ... clinical signs ... observed /in the up-and-down method group/ during the 14-day observation period: decreased motor activity, respiratory effects, tremors, blanching, piloerection, ataxia and salivation. These clinical signs were observed within one-day post dose and lasted for one day. Stomach and intestinal hemorrhage with ulcers was noted at autopsy. Based on the results from both procedures, the test substance was considered harmful according to EC criteria.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Piperidine causes moderately severe skin irritation when applied to guinea pig skin.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PIPERIDINE (29 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Daphnia magna /water flea/ 8.234 mg/L /48 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 129.594 mg/L /96 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Piperidine was identified in various plants and roots from Africa(1), in tobacco leaf(2,3) in small amounts in black pepper(4), and is commonly detected in other food products(5,6). Piperidine has been found in brain, skin, and urine of animals and in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine of humans(7).

Piperidine's production and use as a solvent and chemical intermediate, as a curing agent for rubber and epoxy chemical resins, a catalyst for condensation reactions, an ingredient in oils and fuels, a complexing agent(1) and as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), piperidine, which has a vapor pressure of 32.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase piperidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: Piperidine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 66.9 % of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). Piperidine is readily biodegradable in screening tests using mixed soil and sewage(2) or sewage(3) inocula. Greater than 30% BOD theoretical in 2 weeks was observed with the mixed inoculum BOD test(2). There is some evidence from pure culture studies that suggests that under certain situations microorganisms may form N-nitrosopiperidine(4); however, other pure culture studies suggest that piperidine is not nitrosated(5).

ANAEROBIC: Piperidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 12-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of piperidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Piperidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Photolysis of piperidine with 254 nm light in anaerobic aqueous solutions of NaNO2 produced N-nitrosamines and N-nitramines(3). Whether similar reactions will occur in natural waters with sunlight is unknown(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for piperidine(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.84(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: Piperidine has been detected in drinking water in the United States(1). Piperidine was detected, not quantified in District of Columbia drinking water(2).

SURFACE WATER: Piperidine concentrations in various European rivers ranged from not detected to 9 ug/kg(1). The concentration in a water sample from the Timmermoor swamp, Germany was 0.9 ug/kg(1).

LC50 Daphnia magna /water flea/ 8.234 mg/L /48 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 129.594 mg/L /96 hr. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

Piperidine was identified in various plants and roots from Africa(1), in tobacco leaf(2,3) in small amounts in black pepper(4), and is commonly detected in other food products(5,6). Piperidine has been found in brain, skin, and urine of animals and in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine of humans(7).

Piperidine's production and use as a solvent and chemical intermediate, as a curing agent for rubber and epoxy chemical resins, a catalyst for condensation reactions, an ingredient in oils and fuels, a complexing agent(1) and as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), piperidine, which has a vapor pressure of 32.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase piperidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: Piperidine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 66.9 % of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1). Piperidine is readily biodegradable in screening tests using mixed soil and sewage(2) or sewage(3) inocula. Greater than 30% BOD theoretical in 2 weeks was observed with the mixed inoculum BOD test(2). There is some evidence from pure culture studies that suggests that under certain situations microorganisms may form N-nitrosopiperidine(4); however, other pure culture studies suggest that piperidine is not nitrosated(5).

ANAEROBIC: Piperidine was found to degrade anaerobically via denitrification in 12-15 days in microbial consortia from freshwater sediments, estuarine sediments and activated sludge(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of piperidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Piperidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Photolysis of piperidine with 254 nm light in anaerobic aqueous solutions of NaNO2 produced N-nitrosamines and N-nitramines(3). Whether similar reactions will occur in natural waters with sunlight is unknown(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for piperidine(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.84(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

DRINKING WATER: Piperidine has been detected in drinking water in the United States(1). Piperidine was detected, not quantified in District of Columbia drinking water(2).

SURFACE WATER: Piperidine concentrations in various European rivers ranged from not detected to 9 ug/kg(1). The concentration in a water sample from the Timmermoor swamp, Germany was 0.9 ug/kg(1).

Piperidine was identified in the primary effluent at a concentration of 13 ug/L from municipal wastewater treatment plants(1).

SOIL: Piperidine was detected, not quantified, in soils not under cultivation(1).

Piperidine concns in various West German foods and drink were; broken butterbeans 0.1 mg/kg, paprika 5.2 mg/kg, paprika with brine 5.6 mg/L, pepperoni 3.4 mg/kg, pepperoni with brine 0.4 mg/L, celery 1 mg/kg, celery with brine 0.1 mg/L, Bismarck herring 0.3 mg/kg, salted herring 0.7 mg/kg, smoked herring 0.2 mg/kg, Limburger cheese trace, coffee extract 2, freeze-dried coffee 2, freeze-dried coffee 1, defatted cocoa 9 mg/kg, barley 1 mg/kg, hops 2.5 mg/kg, and malt <0.1 mg/kg(1). Piperidine was also found in baked ham at 0.2 ppm(2) and 0.81 ppm(3), coffee at 1 ppm(2), fish sausage at 9 ppb(3) and as a volatile component of boiled beef(4).

Piperidine occurs at low levels in a variety of food products including baked ham (0.2 ppm), milk (0.11 ppm), coffee (1 ppm dry) and canned fish.

Piperidine was identified, not quantified, in various plants and roots from Nigeria, Africa, which are used as native medicinals, namely Pleiocera barteri, Alsotonia boonei, and Morinda lucida, and believed to have antimalaria activity(1). Piperidine has been identified in tobacco leaf(2,3) at concentrations of 45 ug/cigarette(3).

Piperidine was detected in 4 of 6 fish samples at concentrations of 0.2-0.7 ppm(1) and in Cod roe at 0.210 ppm(2).

Piperidine was found in canned milk at 0.3 ppm and whole milk at 0.11 ppm(1).

Piperidine was detected in cigarette smoke condensate at 0.8-16 ppm (1) and side stream smoke at 5 ug/cigarette(2); not detected in unburned tobacco(1). Piperidine has been identified in tobacco leaf at concentrations of 45 ug/cigarette(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 5,797 workers (729 of these are female) are potentially exposed to piperidine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to piperidine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where piperidine is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to piperidine via ingestion of food and drinking water, use of tobacco products and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing piperidine(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

(a) Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, benzene, etc. Spray the solution into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. (b) Pour into sodium bicarbonate or a mixture of sand/soda ash (9:1). After mixing, transfer into a paper carton filled with packing paper. Burn in an open furnace, or more efficiently in the furnace with afterburner and scrubber.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 132: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PIPERIDINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2401; Piperidine

IMO 3.2; Piperidine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Piperidine is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Piperidine is included on the dangerous goods list.

This compound requires a shipping label of: "Flammable Liquid." It falls into DOT Hazard Class 3 and Packing Group II. The limit on passenger aircraft or railcar shipment is 5 liters and the limit on cargo aircraft shipment is 60 liters.

Corrosive Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F, T; R: 11-23/24-34; S: (1/2)-16-26-27-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: I